Ōtara

Ōtara

A part of the Ōtara town centre.

Location of Ōtara in Auckland.
Basic information
Local authority Auckland Council
Surrounds
North East Tamaki
Northeast East Tamaki
East Flat Bush
Southeast Clover Park
South Manukau Central
Southwest Papatoetoe
West Mangere East
Northwest Favona

Ōtara is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, situated 18 kilometres to the southeast of the Auckland CBD. Ōtara lies near the head of the Tāmaki River (actually an arm of the Hauraki Gulf), which extends south towards the Manukau Harbour. Contemporary Ōtara is surrounded by the suburbs of Ōtāhuhu, Middlemore, Mangere, Papatoetoe, Wiri, Manurewa, Manukau Heights, Flat Bush, Botany Downs, Pakuranga and Howick. The suburb is noted for its proportion of Pacific Islander residents, who make up 68% of the Ōtara population and its unusually low number of New Zealand European (Pākehā) residents (13%).[1]

History

Māori origins

In the Māori language, Ō-Tara means ‘the place of Tara’ or ‘territory belonging to Tara’, who was a Rangatira (or Māori Chief) of the area.[2] 'Ōtara' is in turn the shortened form of Te Puke o Tara (literally; ‘The Hill of Tara’); known also for a time as Smales Mount.[3] Te Puke o Tara was one of Ōtara's prominent volcanic cones, and prior to European settlement in the area was the site of a scoria cone Pā. Like most of Auckland, the Ōtara landscape is volcanic in origin and forms a part of what is known as the East Tāmaki volcanic field, with Te Puke o Tara and Mātanginui (Greenmount) having been the dominant cones of Ōtara. A third cone called Highbrook by pakeha (white/European) settlers and in Maori Te Puke Ariki nui or Te Maunga/mountain of the Great/paramount chief. Mātangi nui was also a Pā site, and the areas surrounding all three cones were thought to represent the densest area of pre-European settlement in East Tāmaki, favoured rich volcanic gardening soils and fresh water springs.[4][5][6]

The Mana whenua of Te Rohe o Tara are the local Iwi/Maori people known as Ngāi Tai, also called Ngāti Tai. Ngāi Tai are said to have originated as a distinct iwi identity on the eastern coastline of Auckland shortly after the Tainui canoe/waka called there in about the mid-14th Century.[7][8][9][10] According to Ngāi Tai tradition, Te Puke o Tara and Ōtara are named after the Ariki (Paramount Chief) of Ngāi Tai known as Tara Te Irirangi, who lived from the late 18th Century until 1852. An earlier name applied to the area was Ngā Kopi o Toi ('The Karaka Berries of Toi'), named for a Karaka grove said by tradition to have been brought to Tāmaki from the Chatham Islands and planted in the vicinity of Greenmount by Toi Te Huatahi.[11]

Over time, with the emergence and expansion of later hapū/sub group of Iwi and iwi identities, Ngāti Tai occupying the area of Tara became closely interlinked by marriages with Te Akitai, Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Kahu of the Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) confederation of tribes known collectively as Te Wai ō Hua, and with the Hauraki Gulf peoples of Ngāti Paoa|Ngāti Pāoa and Ngāti Tamaterā, among others. The Ngāti Pāoa chieftain Hauauru noted in 1851 that by the mid-1830s Ngāti Pāoa, Ngāti Tamaterā and Te Akitai had competing interests in Ōtara.[12] While all of these groups hold ancestral relationships to the Ōtara area, Ngāi Tai continue to retain recognised mana whenua status.[13]

European settlement

During the 1830s, Ōtara was among many present-day suburbs of Manukau & Auckland originally included within the boundaries of what became known as the "Tāmaki Block" or "Fairburn Purchase". Between 1836 and 1839, the newly arrived Church Mission Society (CMS) missionary William Thomas Fairburn began moves to establish a mission station at Maraetai while attempting to purchase a vast tract of land from various iwi of Auckland. Brokered as "an act of Christian peacemaking" between warring tribes on the Tāmaki isthmus, Fairburn obtained "signatures" to the deed of purchase from over 30 Rangatira; few, if any of whom could read or write. Fairburn originally estimated the total area to contain 40,000 acres (160 km2), but it was later surveyed as being around 83,000. When the purchase came under scrutiny from the CMS, in 1837 Fairburn signed a deed promising to return one third of the land to the original inhabitants (a transaction which never took place), and unsuccessfully attempted to offer another third to the Church. Following the Treaty of Waitangi establishing New Zealand as a British Colony in 1840, Fairburn came under investigation from the new Government's Land Claims Commission. Following a protracted investigation (during which time Fairburn resigned from the mission), in 1848 the Commission disallowed Fairburn's original claim, awarding him instead a much smaller grant of just under 5,500 acres (22 km2). The remainder of the land, including Ōtara, was retained by the Crown as "surplus land" to be onsold to European settlers. Following the protests of Hori Te Whetuki on behalf of Ngāi Tai, in 1854 the Commission granted a "Native Reservation" of just over 6,000 acres (24 km2) at Umupuia to "the chiefs of the Ngatitai" and paid them £500 compensation, on the condition that they sign an agreement to vacate all other lands within the original purchase boundaries, and order all other iwi to do the same.

European settlement of Ōtara began in earnest from the 1850s onwards, with most settlers of the wider East Tāmaki area being Scottish and Irish Presbyterians. The most prominent settler of Ōtara during this period was the Wesleyan missionary Reverend Gideon Smales. Smales had arrived from England in 1840, and upon his retirement moved to settle at East Tāmaki, purchasing a 400-acre (1.6 km2) block from the Government in 1855, which included Te Puke Ō Tara. Smales farmed the land at the foot of Te Puke Ō Tara and opened a quarry on the mountain; the entirety of which has since been destroyed. Mātanginui Pā was also largely destroyed by quarrying from 1870 onwards and is now the site of the Greenmount Landfill.[14][15][16] 13 acres (53,000 m2) from the Smales Mount/Puke Ō Tara estate on the remains of the original cone now form reserve known as Te Puke Ō Tara Hampton Park, which includes a stone church built in the 1860s and the remains of extensive stone walls from Smales' farm, both constructed from the quarried scoria.

Farming and rural industries remained the dominant characteristic of Ōtara throughout the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.

Following World War II, Ōtara was developed by the Auckland Regional Authority as a State Housing area.

Notable people

Contemporary culture

Ōtara is the home of the "Ōtara Global Village" developing in the old relocated Baird's Intermediate school which was moved to the new site of the Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate and renamed SEHC Middle School

The Village now houses a Kohanga Reo, a Maori language pre-school, a Koe Oaga Faka Niue - Fatamanu - pre-school, an alternative School for Boys and New Zealand's first Secondary/Tertiary College - Vaka Moana, an integral part of the Manukau Institute of Technology as well as anumber of Community groups

The suburb achieved a mild degree of worldwide fame with the one-off hit single How Bizarre, by hip-hop artists OMC. "OMC" stands for "Otara Millionaires' Club" - a tongue-in-cheek reference to the low socio-economic status of much of the suburb, Ōtara being one of the poorest parts of the Auckland region - Ōtara North being Auckland Region's suburb with the second lowest median income, at NZ$25,900 after Great Barrier Island at NZ$25,100, and compared to an average of NZ$37,300 and the highest value of NZ$60,000.[17]

Ōtara is also known for its Saturday morning 'Flea market' held in the Ōtara shopping center car park next to Manukau Institute of Technology's South Campus.

In the 1970s Prime Minister Rob Muldoon's immigration policies led to dawn raids on some Ōtara residents by police in the search for illegal overstayers from the Pacific Islands.

Ōtara long had some of the highest crime rates of the country, but recently a major action against the Tribesmen and Killer Beez gangs (in 2008), and 2010s increases in police force numbers in the area, combined with a community policing approach, have been credited with both reducing crime and establishing less hostile attitudes between the locals and the police.[18]

Education

Ōtara has three main high schools, Tangaroa College, Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate and Kia Aroha College

Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate consists of three schools. The Junior School catering for Years 1 - 6; the Middle School, Years 7 and 8; and the Senior School catering for Years 9 - 13. Hillary College, Bairds Intermediate and Clydemore Primary School are the three schools that now form Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate.

Kia Aroha College is a Year 7 to 13 secondary school offering a bilingual Maori and Pasifika culturally-based programme.

Ōtara is also home to Manukau Institute of Technology's two main campuses.

Ōtara has nine primary schools, Bairds Mainfreight Primary School, Dawson Road Primary School, East Tāmaki Primary School, Flat Bush School, Mayfield Primary School, Rongomai School, Saint John the Evangelist School, Wymondley Road School and Yendarra Primary School. Ōtara also has one intermediate school, Ferguson. It is also home to Te Kura Kaupapa Maori o Piripono.

References

  1. ↑ Otara Ward (Census Profile 2006, Accessed 2009-08-10.)
  2. ↑ Tonson, A.E - Old Manukau - Auckland, 1966
  3. ↑ La Roche, Alan J. - A History of Puke o Tara (Smales Mt) and Hampton Park - Manukau, 2000
  4. ↑ ‘Alatini, Moses Ngaluapea - Housing and Related Social Conditions of the Tongan Community living in Otara - Auckland, 2004, p.8
  5. ↑ Bulmer, Susan - Sources for the Archaeology of the Maaori Settlement of the Taamaki Volcanic District - Wellington, 1994, p.39-41
  6. ↑ Smytheman, I.F & Tonson, A.E - Our First Hundred Years, An Historical Record of Papatoetoe Papatoetoe (1962), p.6
  7. ↑ Graham, Geo. - Tainui in Journal of the Polynesian Society (Vol.60), 1951, pp.82-84
  8. ↑ Jones, Pei Te Hurinui - Nga Iwi o Tainui - Auckland, 1995 (Ed. Bruce Biggs), p.40
  9. ↑ Murdoch, G. J. - A History of the Human Occupation of the Whakakaiwhara Block - Auckland, 1996, pp.1-2
  10. ↑ Taua, Te Warena in La Roche, Alan (Ed.) - The History of Howick & Pakuranga - Howick, 1991, pp.27-28
  11. ↑ Graham - "Tainui" (1951), p.90 (f.n)
  12. ↑ Moore, D., Rigby, B., and Russell, M. - Old Land Claims - Wellington (Waitangi Tribunal), 1997, p.82
  13. ↑ Clark, Jennifer A. - East Tamaki: Including the Adjoining Areas of Flat Bush and Otara - Papatoetoe, 2002, p.9
  14. ↑ La Roche (2000), pp.1-4
  15. ↑ Bulmer (1994), p.39
  16. ↑ ‘Alatini (2004), p.24
  17. ↑ Collins, Simon (23 June 2009). "We're getting richer but gap is widening". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  18. ↑ Laxon, Andrew (2 July 2011). "Out in force on the mean streets". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2011.

Coordinates: 36°57′39″S 174°52′28″E / 36.96083°S 174.87444°E / -36.96083; 174.87444

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