List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century

The List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century encompasses all known Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1700 to 1799. While not all data for every storm that occurred is available, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences.

1700–1724

Year	Location	Date	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1700	Barbados[1]
1700	South Carolina / Charleston	September 14 [O.S. September 3]	98	Rising Sun Hurricane of 1700. A hurricane struck the South Carolina coastline while the Rising Sun, a Scottish ship, was docked in Charleston harbor. The ship was thrust up on the beach, broke up, and all aboard were drowned. The only surviving sailors from the ship had gone ashore earlier to look for provisions and ended up having to bury the dead on the beach the next day. The other ships docked there were also wrecked. Charleston was devastated and flooded by this ferocious hurricane. [2]
1702	Barbados[1]
1703	Virginia, Maryland, New England coastline	October 18–19 [O.S. October 7–8]	N/A	Great wind and flood damage; many ships were lost[3]
1703	England / British Isles	December 7–8 [O.S. November 26–27]	Many thousands	The Great Storm of 1703. Most powerful wind force ever experienced in modern England history and caused more death and destruction that any known storm before or after. One third of British Navy fleet sunk during this storm. Storm likely originated from an Atlantic based formed hurricane.[3]
1705	Havana, Cuba	N/A	Many were lost	4 ships lost
1706	New York, Connecticut	October 13–15 [O.S. October 3–5]		Strong wind and heavy rains reported in NY (14th) and CT (16th) Unusual and heavy flooding occurred In many areas in NY and CT [4]
1706	Off of Virginia coast	November 6–7 [O.S. October 26–27]	N/A	Hurricane at sea. England bound fleet of ships from America was scattered by a raging hurricane at sea. Many had to return to Virginia for repairs, other ships were lost at sea. No landfall believed to be known.[4]
1707	St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua[1]	September 2	N/A	Nevis was "nearly ruined", and several ships were wrecked off the coast of St. Kitts
1707	St. Augustine, Florida	September 30	N/A	Heavy flooding and damage
1708	Veracruz	N/A	578	N/A
1712	Jamaica	September 8	400	Many houses destroyed; perhaps occurred on 28 August [Julian calendar ?]
1713	Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico[1]	September 4–5, 6	100 in Martinique	San Zacarias Hurricane, caused a storm surge in southern Puerto Rico.[5]
1713	South Carolina / Charleston, North Carolina, Virginia	September 16–17 [O.S. September 5–6]	Many	Carolina Hurricane of 1713. Charleston town was once again inundated by the sea (see 1700). The death toll reportedly was significant from the high storm surge that washed in with this storm. On Sullivan's Island, "The new Look out made of wood, built eight square and eighty feet high, was blown down." In Charleston's harbor, all but one of the vessels were driven ashore and "all the front wall and mud parapet before Charlestown undermined and washed away" The two rivers on both sides of the town were connected for a period of unknown time during the storm. The storm was reportedly more violent north of Charleston suggesting landfall was made north of the town. The effects were most significant in Currituck county, North Carolina near the Virginia-North Carolina border, where the storm surge breached the Outer Banks and opened several inlets into the Currituck Sound. William Byrd, one of the commissioners who established the Virginia-North Carolina boundary, stated "There was no tide in Currituck until 1713, when a violent storm opened a new inlet five miles south of the old one. One of the new inlets carved out by the storm became the location where the Virginia-North Carolina line begins on the Atlantic coast.[6]
1714	Florida Keys	Late June	Many drowned	Many ships sank
1714	Guadeloupe	August 13–14[1]
1714	Jamaica	August 29[1]
1714	Cuba[1]
1715	Off of Florida east coast	July 31	1000–2500	Seven days after departing from Havana, Cuba eleven of the twelve Spanish ships of this fleet were lost in a hurricane near present day Vero Beach. See 1715 Treasure Fleet.
1715	Mexico	August 26[7]
1716	Massachusetts / Boston, Martha's Vineyard	October 24–25 [O.S. October 13–14]		Hurricane with strong winds and rains affecting Eastern Massachusetts, Boston and Martha's Vineyard. Maybe no direct landfall.[8]
1717	Alabama	Late Summer		Pelican Harbor on Dauphin Island was destroyed by shifting sands [9][10]
1718	Nevis	September[1]
1720	Puerto Rico	N/A	500	N/A
1722	Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Carolinas	August 28 – September 3	280,[1] 400	Passed south of Port Royal, which was devastated by a 16–18 foot storm surge.
1722	Jamaica, Louisiana, South Carolina	September 11,23-24 [O.S. September 1,12-13]	400	Great Louisiana Hurricane of 1722. Moved through Lesser Antilles on September 11. This hurricane is the first tropical storm to strike the region for which there are adequate first-hand accounts and almost completely destroyed the city's fragile existing infrastructure. Storm made landfall in Louisiana on September 23 with 15 hours of hurricane winds and an 8-foot storm surge flooding. Hurricane force winds lasted 15 hours. In 1718, 3 feet (1m) high levees protected New Orleans from both river and tidal overflow (today they are 17 feet (5.2 m) high). The buildings in New Orleans suffered extensive destruction, though they were not of high grade construction having been hastily constructed when New Orleans was initially selected to be the capital of the Louisiana Company in 1717-18. The bayou between New Orleans and Biloxi was filled with two to three feet (0.6-0.9 m) of water as a result of the storm and all ships at port were destroyed. Rainfall and flooding were reported to have lasted for five days. This storm was responsible for moving Mobile from its old site 27 miles (43 km) north of the mouth of the Mobile River to its present-day site. This same storm likely re-curved northeast and headed into South Carolina as they reported three days of flooding rains in SC around the 27th.[11]
1724	Maryland / Chesapeake Bay, Virginia	August 23 [O.S. August 12]	N/A	The Great Gust of 1724. Almost all tobacco and much of the corn crops were destroyed by this violent tropical storm, which struck Chesapeake Bay. Violent floods of rain and prodigious gust of wind were seen upon the James river. Some homes were wrecked and several vessels were driven ashore. Storm was likely followed by a second hurricane just five days later causing rain for many straight days that caused the Virginia floods of 1724.[12]
1724	Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania	August 28 [O.S. August 17]		Second of two hurricanes that passed through the area within 5 days. Another violent storm system came through affecting Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania with violent winds, flooding and rain. This system and The Great Gust of 1724 systems are among the most significant tropical storms to affect the Mid-Atlantic during the colonial period of the late 1600s and 1700s.[12]
1724	Hispaniola	September 12	121	N/A

1725–1749

Year	Location	Date	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1725	Martinique[1]
1726	Jamaica	November 2	18+	Devastated Port Royal, sinking some 50 ships. Observed based on damage information to be a very small hurricane, but very powerful.[13] Perhaps same as 22 October on Julian calendar.
1727	Rhode Island, Connecticut, eastern Massachusetts/Boston	September 27 [O.S. September 16]		Very strong hurricane caused considerable damage, uprooted many trees, damaged property and washed ships in port ashore. Center of the storm likely past over eastern Massachusetts. Severe destruction noted in Essex county.[14]
1728	Antigua	August 19[1]
1728	Carolinas	August 13 [O.S. August 2]		The Carolina Hurricane of 1728. Fourth major hurricane to hit Charleston area. [15]
1729	Puerto Rico[7]
1730	Jamaica	September 1	N/A	One ship, including the ex-president of Panama, lost.
1731	Windward Passage	June 24	1+	two ships destroyed
1731	Barbados[1]
1733	St. Kitts	June 30[1]	Several	At least one ship wrecked
1733	Cuba, Bahamas, Florida Keys[1]	July 15–16	56	N/A
1734	Jamaica	September 1[1]
1737	St. Kitts, Montserrat, Dominican Republic	September 9[1]	Several people drowned	Many ships destroyed
1738	Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic[1]	August 30	N/A	Santa Rosa Hurricane, caused damage to agriculture and to many homes in Puerto Rico. It is estimated that it entered Puerto Rico in the east and crossed the entire island, then passing on to the Dominican Republic.[5]
1740	Puerto Rico	July 11–13[7]
1740	Puerto Rico[1]	September 11–12	N/A	Hurricane San Judas Tadeo,[16] Two ships destroyed
1740	Mobile Alabama; Louisiana	September 22-23	N/A	Twin Mobile Hurricanes of 1740. Destroyed town of La Balize
1740	Mobile Alabama	September 29	N/A	Twin Mobile Hurricanes of 1740 [17]
1742	Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico	October 27–28	N/A	Two ships lost
1743	Jamaica	October 20	"Great number"	N/A
1743	Philadelphia, Boston areas	November 1-2 [O.S. October 21-22]		Ben Franklin's ‘Eclipse Hurricane’ because it occurred during the night of a total lunar eclipse. First tropical storm in American history to be accurately measured with scientific instruments. Ben Franklin noted the difference in the start times the storms that started in Philadelphia and Boston and rationalized that it must have been the same storm traveling northward. This is referred as the first tangible progress towards understanding the "law of storms" [18]
1744	Jamaica	October 31–November 1[1]	182	N/A
1745	Caribbean Islands[1]
1746	Caribbean Sea	N/A	N/A	Thirteen ships destroyed
1747	Virginia	September 15	50+	Indentured servant ship destroyed
1747	St. Christopher, Leeward Islands	October 2[1]
1747	North Carolina, Massachusetts	October 8	"Many"	Seven ships destroyed
1747	Bermuda	October 10		"Violent gale of wind"
1747	St. Kitts	November 4[1]		"Upwards of 20 sail of vessels lost"
1748	Off Virginia Capes	September 11		"Dispersed fleet"
1748	Bermuda	October 13		Up to £20,000 damage
1749	North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland	October 18–19 [O.S. October 7-8]		The Coastal Hurricane of 1749. Severe flooding, high tides, and tree damage. Wind effects also recorded in New York City and Boston. Ben Franklin had this storm under watch and it helped confirm his hypothesis that coastal storms moved from the southwest and were preceded by northeasterly winds. [19]

1750–1770

Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1750	August	Bahamas[7]
1750	August 29 [O.S. August 17]	Offshore North Carolina, Cape Hatteras	N/A	Four ships lost
1751	July 24	St. Kitts	Entire crew	one ship lost
1751	2 September	unknown	unknown	[20]
1751	October	Jamaica, Havana, Cuba[21]
1752	September 15	South Carolina		Great Hurricane of 1752 One of the most severe hurricanes to hit the Charlestown area in colonial times. Rated similar to hurricanes that hit the area in 1804 and 1893. [22]
1752	September 23, 26	Bahamas, Cuba	N/A	Sixteen ships lost off north shore of Havana. Struck Bahamas on 23rd, Cuba on 26th. Likely same hurricane as Second Great Hurricane of 1752 in Carolinas.
1752	September 30 - Oct 1	South Carolina, North Carolina		The Second Hurricane of 1752 One of the most severe hurricanes to hit the Charlestown area in colonial times. Rated similar to hurricanes that hit the area in 1804 and 1893. Baegan moving northward up the Carolina coast to Wilmington, North Carolina. [23]
1752	October 22	Offshore Florida	7+	twelve ships lost
1752	November 3	Pensacola Florida		[24]
1754	September	Santo Domingo[1]	N/A	twelve ships lost
1756	September 12	Martinique[1]
1757	August 11	Florida to Boston		Rain for 3 days; great SW-NW-N gusts
1758	August 23	Barbados, South Carolina [1]
1758	November 10	St. Kitts	200	N/A
1758	N/A	St. Marks, Florida	40	N/A
1759	September	SW Florida, Gulf of Mexico[1]
1760	August 12	Pensacola Florida		[25]
1760	September 7–8	Vera Cruz, Mexico[7]
1760	October 25	Barbuda	50	N/A
1761	September 20–23	Outer Banks of North Carolina	N/A	A "severe equinoctial storm" made a breach through the Outer Banks of North Carolina eight miles above its present entrance near haul-over, and it was named New Inlet. This inlet was subsequently closed in 1881, costing $600,000 in that year's dollars.[26][27]
1761	October 23–24	Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Eastern Massachusetts/Boston [28]		Strong hurricane overnight. Strong wind damage. Said to be the worst storm in Boston since the great hurricane of 1727. Many buildings were destroyed and bridges washed out from Providence to Newport, Rhode Island and north to Boston and across Cape Cod
1765	July 31	Martinique, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe[1]
1765	November 13–14	St. Domingo[1]
1766	July 17	Bahamas[7]
1766	August 13–14	Martinique[1]	440	N/A
1766	August 16	West of Jamaica[1]
1766	September 4	Galveston, Texas	N/A	Five ships were destroyed, but the crew and items were saved. A Spanish mission named Nuestra Senora De la Luz and the presidio San Augustine de Ahumado on the lower Trinity River was destroyed. Constance Bayou in Louisiana was named after one of the wrecked ships from this storm.[29]
1766	September 11	Virginia[1]
1766	September 13	St. Christopher, Montserrat	N/A	Destroyed half the town and many ships.
1766	September 21	St. Eustatius, Tortuga[1]
1766	October 6–8	Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico[1]	N/A	San Marcos Hurricane, passed first across Guadalupe, there it Sunk twelve slave ships, killing all aboard. Later it crossed Puerto Rico from south east to north west, it affected the entire island.[16]
1766	October 22–23	Northwest Florida[1]	N/A	Sunk one ship, killing the entire crew except for three.
1766	October 29	Havana[7]
1767	August	Martinique	1600	"A powerful hurricane"
1767	September 21	Coastal North Carolina	N/A	Caused a number of vessels to be lost. Floods struck Virginia, with a mill entirely destroyed in Warwick county.[30]
1767	October 16-17	North Carolina	N/A	[31]
1768	August 10	Grenada[1]
1768	October 15	Havana, Cuba[1]	1000	Destroyed 96 public buildings and 4048 houses. Appeared to pass over the island from west to east.
1769	September 8	North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, New England coast [32]	At least 6	The Great Chesapeake Bay Hurricane of 1769. It made landfall near New Bern, North Carolina and laid that town in ruin as tides rose 12 feet above normal. Hurricane center was close to Williamsburg. Many old houses in eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia were destroyed, particularly around Williamsburg, York, Hampton, and Norfolk due to 13 hours of high winds from the northeast to northwest. Most notably, it caused widespread damage to the Stratford Hall plantation which belonged to the family of famous confederate General Robert E. Lee.
1769	September 25 – September 28	Northeast coast of Florida & Charleston, South Carolina	N/A	Approached Florida and may have hit St. Augustine, Florida on the 25th, but it turned northeastward, and hit near Charleston on the 28th. Damage was minimal in the Carolinas, but crop damage occurred in northeast Florida.
1769	October 29	Florida East Coast		[33]
1770	June 6	Charleston, South Carolina[1]

1770s

Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1770	October 20	New England coastline Connecticut to Maine [34]		Strong winds, hail, high tides that caused major flooding. Highest tides reported since 1723 area harbor flooding
1771	May 23–24	Jamaica and Cuba [1]	N/A	N/A
1771	November 30-December 1	Vera Cruz, Mexico[7]
1772	August 1–7	Hispaniola, Cuba[21]
1772	August 28 - September 4	Greater Antilles including Puerto Rico and Jamaica; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans, Louisiana	At least 280	Alexander Hamilton famously wrote an account on the storm in Saint Croix, which was later published in the American colonies; community leaders were impressed by his writings, and they raised a fund for Hamilton to receive an education in the colonies many ships destroyed in Alabama. The storm impact in the Mobile area was detailed in Bernard Romans' book published in 1776.
1772	September 1	North Carolina	50	14 vessels forced ashore
1772	Various	Saint Kitts and Nevis	"Several"	Three hurricanes hit the island group during the year, one of which is mentioned above
1773	August 26	Virginia	Unknown	Damage to ships in the area
1773	September 13–14	Colombia[7]
1773	September 30 - October 2	Virginia	Unknown	Three days of rainfall across the region
1774	August 24–25	Virginia	Unknown	"August nor'easter" that caused two days of heavy rainfall
1774	September 3	Annapolis, Maryland	Unknown	The Maryland capitol building in Annapolis saw roof damage from a hurricane that began on September 3 and lasted about 24 hours.[35] A "stormy" northeast wind was seen in Westmoreland County Virginia, along with a "flood of rain."[36]
1774	October	Havana, Cuba[21]
1775	Late July	Caribbean Sea	Unknown	N/A
1775	August 28–29	Havana[7]
1775	August 29 - September 9	Outer Banks, Virginia, Newfoundland	4163	The Independence Hurricane of 1775 or Newfoundland Hurricane of 1775. Moved onshore in North Carolina and traveled up through Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Traveled up through New England. A localized, storm surge is reported to have reached heights of between 20 and 30 feet in Newfoundland destroying many English ships. At least 4,000 people died off of Newfoundland, becoming Canada's deadliest natural disaster and the eighth deadliest Atlantic hurricane in history
1775	November 2	Caicos Islands	11	Several English warships lost
1776	June	South coast of Cuba[21]
1776	June	New Orleans, Louisiana[21]
1776	July 10	Virginia	Unknown	Affected a Revolutionary War battle in Virginia; it caused supply ships to sink in the Chesapeake Bay area, and resulted in moderate damage to the area.
1776	August	Off northern coast of Cuba[21]
1776	September 6 to 12	Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe and Louisiana	6,000	An analysis by hurricane scholar Michael Chenoweth indicated the tropical cyclone was of at least hurricane strength, or with maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (119 km/h), when it struck Guadeloupe. The same analysis indicated the storm also affected Antigua and Martinique early in its duration, and later it struck Louisiana on September 12.[37] On Guadeloupe, the hurricane killed 6,000 people, more than any known hurricane before it and currently the seventh deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.[38] The storm struck a large convoy of French and Dutch merchant ships, sinking or running aground 60% of the vessels. The ships were transporting goods to Europe.[39]
1777	June	Florida	Several	One ship sunk; no one recovered
1777	August 26	Chesapeake Bay	Unknown	Hampered General Howe's march on Philadelphia. Caused Washington to seek refuge at Hermitage in Elkton, MD
1777	September 10 to 16	Central Atlantic, Pennsylvania	Unknown	September 10 - The Ariadne, Ruffel, from Dominica to London sunk, all hands saved. 5 others of the fleet missing. September 16 - Pre-empted Battle of the Clouds in Chester County, PA.
1777	October	Oriente, Cuba and St. Dominigue[21]
1778	August 12–13	North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic/New England coastline		Ordering of Providence Hurricane of 1778 Prevented a naval battle between the British and French in the Revolutionary War, causing them to separate as the hurricane moved up the coast
1778	August–September	Havana, Cuba[21]
1778	October 7-10	Florida, Louisiana		October of 1778 Storm. Gulf Coast was struck by hurricanes in three successive years during the Revolutionary War. Hurricane hit near Pensacola, Florida. The resulting tidal surge from the storm impacted the Louisiana delta destroying Belize, Bayou St. John, and Tigouyou. [40]
1778	October 28	Cuba	Several	N/A
1778	November 1	Cape Cod, Massachusetts	50-70	Possibly related to the previous storm
1779[1]	May 25–26	Jamaica	N/A	N/A
1779	August 18	Havana, Cuba, Louisiana	Unknown	Dunbar's Hurricane. All but one warship in a Spanish fleet were sunk off the coast. Ships in the New Orleans harbor were pushed well inland, causing heavy damage. Many houses in New Orleans were destroyed, many ships sunk and trees knocked down. William Dunbar, who happened to be in New Orleans at this time, first theorized from this hurricane in 1779 that a hurricane revolved around a vortex in the center and had progressive forward movement. [41]
1779	August 28	Martinique	"Many"	N/A
1779	December 3	Atlantic coast	120	N/A

1780s

The 1780 Atlantic hurricane season was extraordinarily destructive, and was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history with over 25,000 deaths. Four different hurricanes, three in October and one in June, caused at least 1,000 deaths each; this event has never been repeated and only in the 1893 and 2005 seasons were there two such hurricanes. The season also held the deadliest Atlantic tropical cyclone of all time.

Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1780	June 13	Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; Dominican Republic	4000-5000	San Antonio Hurricane or The St. Lucia Hurricane. On June 13, a hurricane "caused deaths and losses" on Puerto Rico, after having also struck St. Lucia, where it killed around 4,000 to 5,000. It later went on to the Dominican Republic.
1780	August 24	Louisiana	25	The Louisiana Hurricane of 1780 New Orleans experienced a powerful hurricane on August 24, with winds gusting over 160 mph completely destroying 39 of the 43 buildings in Grand Isle, Louisiana then the eye passing over New Orleans that night, severely damaging structures in what is now known as the French Quarter, causing harvest-ruining crop damage, severe flooding, and tornadoes.
1780	October 1-3	Lucea; Montego Bay; Cuba; Bahamas	3,000	Savanna-la-Mar Hurricane Early on, it sunk the British transport ship Monarch, killing several hundred Spanish prisoners and the ship's entire crew. The hurricane began to move northwest towards Jamaica, where it destroyed the port of Savanna-la-Mar on October 3. Many of the town's residents gathered at the coast to spectate, and 20 foot surge engulfed the onlookers, docked ships, and many of the town's buildings. In the nearby port village of Lucea, 400 people and all but two structures perished, with 360 people also killed in the nearby town of Montego Bay. It would go on to sink the British frigate Phoenix (killing 200 of it crew) and ships-of-the-line Victor, Barbadoes, and Scarborough and crippled many others. It continued its direction, and hit Cuba on October 4, followed by a pass over the Bahamas
1780	October 10	Lesser Antilles	20,000 - 22,000	The Great Hurricane of 1780 or San Calixto Hurricane Deadliest on record. The hurricane struck Barbados with winds possibly exceeding 320 km/h (200 mph), before moving past Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Sint Eustatius; thousands of deaths were reported on the islands. Coming in the midst of the American Revolution, the storm caused heavy losses to British and French fleets contesting for control of the area. The hurricane later passed near Puerto Rico and over the eastern portion of Hispaniola. There, it caused heavy damage near the coastlines. It ultimately turned to the northeast without impacting the United States.
1780	October 18-21	Cuba, Gulf of Mexico	2000+	Solano's Hurricane A powerful hurricane in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico struck a Spanish war fleet of 64 vessels under José Solano en route from Havana, Cuba to attack Pensacola, Florida, then the capital of British West Florida. The ships had 4,000 men aboard under the military command of Bernardo de Gálvez, and 2,000 died. The slow-moving hurricane was first noted near Jamaica on October 15. Progressing northwestwards it likely crossed the western end of Cuba, before shifting northeastwards to Apalachee Bay. It struck Solano's fleet on October 20.
1781	August 1	Jamaica	N/A	Many ships washed ashore
1781	August 23	New Orleans, Louisiana	N/A	N/A
1781	Unknown	Offshore Florida	2000	N/A
1782	July	Havana, Cuba[21]
1782	September 16	Central Atlantic coast	3000	The Central Atlantic hurricane of 1782 was a hurricane that hit the fleet of Admiral Thomas Graves as it sailed across the North Atlantic in September 1782. It is believed to have killed some 3,500 people.
1783	September 19	North Carolina	N/A	3 ships sunk
1783	October 7–9	South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia	N/A	Charleston saw excessive rain and wind with the cyclone. Winds shifted from northwest to northeast as the storm passed offshore.[42] Extensive damage was seen in North Carolina. Richmond saw violent northeast gusts for 24 hours, but no damage. Norfolk and Portsmouth reported a "25 foot tide" which caused damage
1783	October 18–19	New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut [43]		Heavy rains and winds in New Brunswick, NJ and New Haven, CT. Brought snowfall to western Connecticut and Vermont.
1784	June	Florida Straits
1784	July 30	Jamaica	9	"Captain [Paul] Cox got in here from St. Ann’s the 30th ult[ima]. but a few hours before a most violent hurricane came on, which began about 8 at night, and at nine the brig parted her cables, and was drove on shore. Captain Rice, in a brig from Salem, and a ship belonging to Bristol, are also on shore. The ship Britannia, of between 4 and 500 tons rode it out—In consequence of the calamity occasioned by this hurricane, it is expected the ports of this island will be opened for six months. Captain Rice, with six of his people, taking to their boat, were lost. It is said, he had between 4 and 5000 dollars with him. Scarce a vessel in the harbour of Kingston but was either lost or drove on shore. St. Thomas's in the east has received the greatest damage. Scare a house or plantation but has suffered. Captain Gray in a brig belonging to Salem, lay at Morant Bay, have heard nothing from him in particular; but the report is, that every vessel that lay there, except one ship, is either lost or drove on shore. No perfect account of the damage is yet come to hand."[44]
1784	Unknown	Curaçao	N/A	Many ships damaged or destroyed
1785	August 24–29	Greater Antilles including Jamaica	142	N/A
1785	September 1	Delaware	181	One of the few hurricanes on record in the state. Wrecked the ship the Faithful Steward.
1785	September 23–24	Mid-Atlantic states	N/A	The Equinoctial Storm. Impacted the coastline shortly after the Sept 23 equinox. Led to the "highest tide ever before known in Norfolk." It struck the lower Chesapeake Bay. Portsmouth experienced a strong northeast to northwest gale for 3 days. The storm in Virginia was noted in both the Virginia Gazette of October 1, and the New Jersey Gazette of October 1 (from Ludlum 1963 p. 30). The Annual Register the next year reported that several ships had been driven ashore by the tide and the wind, with a total damage estimated at around £30,000. The two parallel track storms of 1785 led to the building of the lighthouse in Cape Henry which opened seven years later in 1792.
1785	September 25	Puerto Rico	N/A	San Lupo Hurricane devastated agricultural fields. Governor Juan Dabán visited the islands affected area to inspect and help with the damages; it was the first time a governor of Puerto Rico did that after a Hurricane.[45]
1786	September 2	Barbados	"Several"	Several houses destroyed
1786	October 5	Eastern Virginia	N/A	Heavy rainfall accompanied the storm. According to George Washington, tides were "occasionally high" at Mount Vernon, with "high freshes." James Madison at Montpelier saw the Rapidan River overflow its banks. The center may have passed very near his location, as the winds shifted from southeast to southwest.
1786	October 20	Jamaica	7	N/A
1787	September 2–4	Belize, Vera Cruz, Mexico	100	It has been identified as ‘Event 6’ in Belizean sedimentary records by McCloskey and Keller.[46] Several injuries were caused by this hurricane in Vera Cruz.[47]
1787	September 19	Georgia, South Carolina	23	A storm moved just offshore the Georgia and South Carolina coastline to lead to a storm surge that caused 23 people to perish, as well as flooding and crop damage between Savannah and Georgetown.[42]
1787	September 23	Honduras	100	N/A
1788	July 22-24	Mid-Atlantic States	N/A	George Washington's Hurricane. George Washington reported from Mount Vernon a "very high northeast wind" the previous night, which sank ships and blew down trees. A "more violent and severe a hurricane than for many years." Madison at Montpelier reports a "great wind and rain." According to the Philadelphia Independent Gazette on August 8, the storm in Norfolk began from the northeast at 5 p.m. on the 23rd, then blew a "perfect hurricane" from the south at 12:30 a.m.. The tide was lower than in 1785. Alexandria also saw the winds switch from east-northeast to south, which caused the highest known tide in the Potomac. [48]
1788	August 14–19	Martinique, Dominica, Bahamas, New England	600-700	N/A
1789	August 19	New Jersey, New England	N/A	Heavy damage

1790s

Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Damage/Notes
1791	June 21–22	Cuba	3000	Caused crop damage and animal deaths
1791	Unknown	Southern Texas	N/A	Flooded Padre Island and the mainland nearby. A herd of 50,000 cattle belonging to a Spanish cattle baron drowned in the storm surge
1791	October 25	Puerto Rico[7]
1792	August 1	Lesser Antilles	N/A	Several ships destroyed
1792	October	Havana, Cuba[21]
1793	August 13	Virgin Islands	28	Moved slowly through the area
1793	August	Louisiana[7]	N/A	Caused crop damage and minor flooding
1794[1]	May 28	Jamaica	N/A	N/A
1794	June 27	Jamaica	N/A	One ship destroyed in a tropical storm
1794	July 4	Mid-Atlantic states	N/A	Reported at Annapolis by William Faris in his diary. On the night of the 5th, it "raind and Blowd very Hard" (sic) all night. It finally cleared out between 10 and 11 am on the 6th.
1794	Late July	Jamaica	"Heavy deaths"	N/A
1794	August 9–10	Havana[7]
1794	August 27–31	Cuba and Louisiana	100+	In Louisiana, heavy flooding, high winds, crop damage, and unusually large hail occurred
1794	Early October	Northeastern Florida	N/A	Caused beach erosion and damage
1794	October 26	Mid-Atlantic states	N/A	Caused 3.5 inches (89 mm) of rain at Madison's Montpelier estate. While the wind there was "brisk" on the morning on the 26th, Annapolis reported that "it Blow'd very Hard a near Hurrican [sic] and rained all night" from the 26th into the 27th.
1795	July 20	New Orleans[7]
1795	August 2-3	North Carolina; Virginia	N/A	Twin North Carolina Hurricanes of 1795. First of two parallel track hurricanes that occurred ten days apart. Several Spanish ships lost; brought heavy rain through the mid-Atlantic, disrupting mail service and damaging crops; at Annapolis, rain set it on the afternoon of the 2nd, before it escalated later in the day, when it "Blow'd a Harrican." Trees were levelled and the tide was so high that "one could not get to the Market House without a Boat." Vessels were driven ashore by the tempest (from the diary of William Faris). Thomas Jefferson recorded this hurricane in his journal as his plantation at Monticello suffered heavy crop losses.
1795	August 12-13	North Carolina; Virginia	N/A	Twin North Carolina Hurricanes of 1795. Considered a major hurricane, caused additional flooding and crop damage after the previous storm; the damage could be "Modestly estimated at a year's rent", quoted by Thomas Jefferson. The "powerful torrent" of rain in Petersburg caused creeks to rise higher than noted in the previous 70 years (North Carolina Journal). Winds were gusty at Farmville, where a "great fresh" was reported. Annapolis reported strong winds and rains on August 13 as well. Thomas Jefferson recorded this hurricane in his journal as his plantation at Monticello suffered heavy crop losses. The two storms caused the Appomattox river to crest more than 12 feet above flood stage.
1796	August 26–27	New Orleans[7]
1796	October 2	Pinar del Río, Cuba, Bahamas	N/A	Caused shipping delays
1797	September 5	North Carolina	N/A	One ship sunk
1797	October 15–19	Bahamas and South Carolina	"Many"	Several ships lost
1799	September 23	Jamaica	27	Remained offshore, but rain, flooding, and winds were severe
1799	October	Oriente, Cuba[21]

See also

• List of tropical cyclones
• List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

References

1. Chenoweth (2006). "A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
2. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 42
3. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 19
4. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 20
5. Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 11. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
6. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 43
7. Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, Luis Gimeno, Pedro Ribera and Emiliano Hernandez (2004-11-29). "New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources". Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
8. Early American hurricanes, 1492-1870, pg 20
9. Patrick, Monica. "History of Dauphin Island, Alabama". Travel Tips. USA Today. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
10. Kennedy, Jo M. "Building the Fort - 1717". Dauphin Island AL: French Possession 1699-1763. Dauphin Island, AL Archive of Historical Data, Books, Maps And Other Materials. Retrieved Nov 3, 2012.
11. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 60
12. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 21
13. The Nautical magazine - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
14. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 21-22
15. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 43-44
16. Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 8. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
17. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 193
18. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 22-23
19. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 23-24
20. "Hurricanes in Jamaica, West Indies". Monthly Weather Review. 28 (12): 550. 1900. Bibcode:1900MWRv...28Q.550.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1900)28[550a:HIJWI]2.0.CO;2Hurricanes in Jamaica, West Indies
21. Johnson, Sherry (2011). Climate & Catastrophe in Cuba and the Atlantic World in the Age of Revolution. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 203–206. ISBN 978-0-8078-3493-0.
22. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 44-47
23. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 44-47
24. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 193
25. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 193
26. "Wilmington District News". 20 (6). United States Army Corps of Engineers. June 2000: 3.
27. Wilmington Chamber of Commerce (N.C.) (1872). Wilmington, North Carolina: Past, Present, and Future. History of Its Harbor, with Detailed Reports of the Work for Improving and Restoring the Same, Now Being Conducted by the U.S. Government. Resources and Advantages as an Entrepot for Western Cities. Harbor of Refuge, and Coaling Depot for the Navy and Merchant Marine. J. A. Engelhard. p. 25.
28. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 24
29. Weddle, Robert S. "Gulf of Mexico". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
30. Virginia Gazette (August 6, 1767). "Virginia Gazette". p. 2.
31. S.C. Gazette Oct 19, 1767
32. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 25
33. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 192
34. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 26
35. Anderson, Elizabeth B. (October 2003). Annapolis: A Walk Through History. Cornell Maritime Press/Tidewater Publications. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-87033-546-4.
36. Philip Vickers Fithian (December 1, 1978). Journal & Letters of Philip Vickers Fithian. University of Virginia Press. pp. 183–184. ISBN 978-0-8139-0079-7.
37. Michael Chenoweth (2006). "A Re-assessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
38. Edward N. Rappaport; Jose Fernandez-Partagas & Jack Beven (1997). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
39. David Longshore (2008). Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones. Checkmark Books. p. 297. ISBN 0-8160-7409-7.
40. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 64
41. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 65-66
42. Walter J. Fraser, Jr. (2006). Lowcountry Hurricanes: Three Centuries of Storms at Sea and Ashore. University of Georgia Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8203-2866-9.
43. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 29
44. "Extract of a letter from Annotta Bay, Jamaica, dated August 5". The Pennsylvania Packet, and Daily Advertiser. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 29 September 1762.
45. Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 9. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
46. McCloskey, T. A.; Keller, G. (2009). "5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize". Quaternary International. 195 (1–2): 53–68. Bibcode:2009QuInt.195...53M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003.
47. Alavarez, Humberto Bravo, Rodolfo Sosa Echeverria, Pablo Sanchez Alavarez, and Arturo Butron Silva (2006-06-22). "Riesgo Quimico Asociado a Fenominos Hidrometeorologicos en el Estado de Verzacruz" (PDF). Inundaciones 2005 en el Estado de Veracruz. Universidad Veracruzana. p. 317. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
48. Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 30-31

External links

• http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadly.shtml