1781 in Great Britain

1781 in Great Britain:

Other years

1779 | 1780 | 1781 | 1782 | 1783

Sport

1781 English cricket season

Events from the year 1781 in the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George III
• Prime Minister – Lord North (Tory)

Events

• 1 January – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn.^[1]
• 5 January – American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.
• 6 January – Battle of Jersey: British troops prevent the French from occupying Jersey in the Channel Islands.
• 17 January – American Revolutionary War: The American Continental Army under Daniel Morgan decisively defeats British forces at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina.^[2]
• January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister, enters Parliament, aged 21.
• 3 February – American Revolutionary War and Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: The Dutch Caribbean island of Sint Eustatius (which has been supplying the United States) surrenders to Admiral Rodney.^[1]

13 March: Uranus discovered [image in false colour].

• 28 February – Foundation of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester.^[3]
• 13 March – Sir William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus.^[2] Originally he calls it Georgium Sidus (George's Star) in honour of King George III.
• 15 March – American Revolutionary War: American General Nathanael Greene loses the Battle of Guilford Court House to British.^[2]
• 1 July – Second Anglo-Mysore War: At the Battle of Porto Novo, the British defeat the Mysore ruler Hyder Ali.^[1]
• 6 July – American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Green Spring, the British led by Lord Cornwallis defeat the French led by the Marquis de Lafayette.^[1]
• 27 July – French spy François Henri de la Motte executed at Tyburn (London) for high treason.
• 30 August – American Revolutionary War: French fleet under the Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, cutting British General Charles Cornwallis off from escape by sea.
• 5 September – American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of the Chesapeake, a British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, but is unable to break through to relieve the Siege of Yorktown.^[1]
• 6 September – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Groton Heights: A British force under Benedict Arnold attacks a fort in Groton, Connecticut, achieving a strategic victory.
• 19 October – American Revolutionary War: Following the Siege of Yorktown, General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the armed struggle of the American Revolutionary War.^[1]
• 29 November
  • Zong massacre: English slave traders begin to throw approximately 142 slaves taken on in Accra overboard alive from the slave ship Zong in the Caribbean Sea to conserve supplies for the remainder; the Liverpool owners subsequently attempt to reclaim part of their value from insurers.^[4]
  • Henry Hurle officially founds the Ancient Order of Druids in London.
• 3 December – First known building society established, in Birmingham.^[5]
• 12 December – American Revolutionary War: Second Battle of Ushant: The Royal Navy, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt in HMS Victory, decisively defeats the French fleet in the Bay of Biscay.
• Last year in which the monarch participates in a regular peacetime meeting of the Cabinet.^[6]

Publications

• Peter Beckford's Thoughts on Hunting.
• Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volumes 2 and 3.^[1]
• John Wood, the Younger's pattern book A Series of Plans for Cottages or Habitations of the Labourer.
• The collection of children's poetry Mother Goose's Melody.^[7]

Births

• 29 May – John Walker, inventor (died 1859)
• 9 June – George Stephenson, locomotive engineer (died 1848)
• 6 July – Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore (died 1826)
• 14 September – James Walker, Scottish civil engineer (died 1862)
• 6 November – Lucy Aikin, English writer (died 1864)
• 30 November – Alexander Berry, adventurer and Australian pioneer (died 1873)
• 11 December – Sir David Brewster, physicist (died 1868)

Deaths

• 12 January – Richard Challoner, Catholic prelate (born 1691)
• 21 February – Matchem, racehorse (born 1748)
• 24 February – Edward Capell, critic (born 1713)
• 23 April – James Abercrombie, general (born 1706)
• 8 May – Richard Jago, poet (born 1715)
• 17 May – William Aislabie, politician (born 1700)
• 28 September – William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, diplomat and statesman (born 1717)
• 16 October – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, naval officer (born 1705)

References

1. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 333–334. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
2. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
3. "Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society". Manchester Lit and Phil. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
4. "BBC History British History Timeline". Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
5. Baren, Maurice (1996). How It All Began Up the High Street. London: Michael O'Mara Books. p. 58. ISBN 1-85479-667-4.
6. "Queen set to attend cabinet meeting in Downing Street". BBC News. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
7. Driscoll, Michael; Hamilton, Meredith; Coons, Marie (2003). A Child's Introduction to Poetry. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 1-57912-282-5. Retrieved 26 January 2011.

See also