1979 Pacific typhoon season
| |
| Season summary map |
| First system formed |
December 31, 1978 |
| Last system dissipated |
December 23, 1979 |
| Strongest storm1 |
Tip (Most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded) – 870 hPa (mbar), 260 km/h (160 mph) (10-minute sustained) |
| Total depressions |
55 |
| Total storms |
24 |
| Typhoons |
13 |
| Total fatalities |
> 541 |
| Total damage |
Unknown |
| 1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure |
Pacific typhoon seasons
1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981 |
The 1979 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1979 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
Storms
28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 23 became tropical storms. 13 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 4 reached super typhoon strength.
Typhoon Alice
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
December 31, 1978 – January 15, 1979 |
| Peak intensity |
175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min) 930 hPa (mbar) |
Very early on January 1 a tropical depression developed over the low latitudes of the open West Pacific. It tracked northwestward, reaching tropical storm strength that night and typhoon strength on the 5th. Alice turned to the west, and continued to intensify with generally favorable conditions to a peak of 130 mph winds on the 8th.[1] Cooler, drier air to the north caused Alice to weaken to a minimal typhoon, but as the typhoon turned to the northwest it briefly re-strengthened to a 115 mph typhoon on January 11. Upper level winds, combined with the dry air, weakened Alice for good, causing it to dissipate on the 14th after stalling for three days. Alice caused extensive damage in the Marshall Islands.
Typhoon Bess (Auring)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
March 19 – March 25 |
| Peak intensity |
130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min) 955 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Bess was the third typhoon since 1959 to develop in the month of March. Bess began as a weak surface circulation on March 16. The circulation intensified into a tropical depression on March 19. Bess then reached tropical storm strength on March 21. Slow intensification occurred for 18 hours,[1] before Bess reached it's peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h) early on March 23.[2] Bess held on to it"s peak intensity for 18 hours before vertical wind shear caused Bess to rapidly dissipate on March 25.[1] Typhoon Bess remained away from land, and therefore caused no deaths or damage.
Typhoon Cecil (Bebeng)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
April 10 – April 20 |
| Peak intensity |
140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min) 965 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Cecil formed on the 10th from an easterly wave in early April.[1] The storm then reached it"s maximum intensity as a category 1 typhoon on the 14th. Typhoon Cecil then dissipated on April 20.[3] Typhoon Cecil stuck Leyte on April 15, causing 18 deaths, damage of $10 million and leaving 8,900 homeless.[4] Cecil was also the first tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific to be given a male name.[1]
Tropical Storm Dot (Karing)
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
May 9 – May 17 |
| Peak intensity |
75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 985 hPa (mbar) |
Dot was a weak tropical storm that had no effects on land.
Tropical Storm 05W (Diding)
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
May 17 – May 24 |
| Peak intensity |
75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 992 hPa (mbar) |
Initially, TD 05 drifted southwestward east of the Paracel Islands. TD 05 was not forecast to intensify significantly, but it merged with an extratropical frontal boundary near 22.N 124.8E and produced an improved satellite signature which included a banding-type eye.[1]
Typhoon Ellis (Etang)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
June 29 – July 7 |
| Peak intensity |
140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min) 955 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Faye (Gening)
| Severe tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 1 – July 9 |
| Peak intensity |
100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar) |
A closed surface circulation was detected on June 28 about 920 mil (1480 km) southeast of Guam.[1] The associated convective activity remained disorganized until July 1. A few hours later, the disturbance intensified into a tropical depression. On July 3, It was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Faye.[5] Faye was forecast to reach typhoon status in the next 18 hours. However, Faye weakened.[1] Faye was then downgraded to a tropical depression on July 4. Faye then dissipated on July 7 at 17N, 129.60E.[5]
Tropical Depression 08W
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 23 – July 27 |
| Peak intensity |
35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min) 1005 hPa (mbar) |
Super Typhoon Hope (Ising)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 24 – August 8 |
| Peak intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min) 900 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical depression formed southeast of Guam on July 24.[1] It headed to the west-northwest, but upper level shear from the TUTT caused the depression to dissipate on the 27th. It turned northward then westward, where it regenerated on the 28th. Intensification became more steady, with the depression reaching storm strength on the 28th and typhoon strength on the 29th. On the 31st, Hope reached a peak of 150 mph winds, but land interaction with Taiwan to the north weakened the storm. On August 2 95 mph Typhoon Hope hit southern China, only 10 miles east of Hong Kong. It weakened over the country while moving westward, but retained its satellite signature. Upon reaching the Bay of Bengal on the 7th, Hope restrengthened to a tropical storm, but moved over India and dissipated on the 8th. In Guangdong Province in China, the typhoon was responsible for around 100 deaths or missing people. Twelve people died along with 260 injured in Hong Kong. This was the strongest tropical cyclone to hit Hong Kong since Typhoon Rose in 1971.
Severe Tropical Storm Gordon (Herming)
| Severe tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 25 – July 31 |
| Peak intensity |
100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min) 975 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 11W (Luding)
| Tropical depression (PAGASA) |
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 2 – August 7 |
| Peak intensity |
55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min) 998 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Irving (Mameng)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 7 – August 18 |
| Peak intensity |
150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min) 955 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on August 7 to the east of the Philippines. It tracked to the north then to the west. Steering currents weakened, causing the depression to loop to the north. It was able to strengthen there, reaching tropical storm status on the 11th and typhoon status on the 13th. Irving continued to the north, attaining a peak of 100 mph winds on the 15th.[1] Its broad, loose wind field prevented it from strengthening further, and Irving weakened as it continued northward. On the 17th, Irving hit southwest South Korea as a minimal typhoon, and merged with a frontal boundary over extreme eastern Russia on the 18th. Torrential rains led to 150 fatalities, with damage at $10–$20 million (1979 USD).
Super Typhoon Judy (Neneng)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 16 – August 26 |
| Peak intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min) 910 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance organized into a tropical storm on August 15. It tracked to the northwest, becoming a tropical storm on the 17th. Judy rapidly intensified, reaching typhoon status on the 18th and a peak of 155 mph winds on the 20th.[1] The super typhoon began to weaken as it passed south of Okinawa, and neared the Chinese coast on the 23rd and 24th. Judy turned to the northeast, and brushed past South Korea as a tropical depression on the 26th, shortly before dissipating. Judy passed through Guam and other Pacific islands, but damage was reported light there. However, the storm brought heavy rain to Korea as a tropical depression, killing 111 and more damage to an area hit by Irving just weeks before.
Tropical Depression 14W
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 18 – August 20 |
| Peak intensity |
35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min) 1005 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Ken (Oniang)
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 30 – September 4 |
| Peak intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance developed on August 30 and became a tropical depression later that day.[1] The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Ken. Ken reached peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) on September 3. The storm moved north and turned north-northeast, striking Shikoku late on the 3th. Ken weakened over Japan and dissipated on September 4.[6]
Typhoon Lola
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 1 – September 8 |
| Peak intensity |
150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min) 950 hPa (mbar) |
Around the same time the precursor to Tropical Storm Ken developed, a tropical disturbance developed south of Marcus Island.[1] The disturbance became a tropical depression on the 2th and a tropical storm on the 4th . Lola was upgraded to a typhoon early on September 5. The storm continued to intensify and reached peak intensity on September 6 with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). Lola weakened to a tropical storm on the 7th. The next day, Lola weakened to a tropical depression at 35.90N, 151.80E.[7] Lola then transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 9 to the east of Japan.[1]
Severe Tropical Storm Mac (Pepang)
| Severe tropical storm (JMA) |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 12 – September 24 |
| Peak intensity |
100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min) 985 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Nancy
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 17 – September 22 |
| Peak intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 992 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Owen (Rosing)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 22 – October 1 |
| Peak intensity |
165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 920 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance developed south of Guam during September 19.[1] The disturbance was upraded to a tropical depression on September 22. It then was upgraded to a tropical storm the next day. Owen was upgraded to a typhoon on the 25th. Owen then reached it's peak intensity on September 26 with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).[8] Owen then started to weaken as the storm moved northward. By the 30th, Owen made landfall near Osaka, Japan and weakened to a tropical storm. Owen then transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 1.[1]
Tropical Storm Pamela
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 23 – September 26 |
| Peak intensity |
75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 995 hPa (mbar) |
Developing at the apex of a wave in the easterly flow in late September 1979, Tropical Storm Pamela formed on September 23 and dissipated on September 26 due to strong shear caused by the nearby Typhoon Owen.[1]
Typhoon Sarah (Trining-Uring)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 1 – October 17 |
| Peak intensity |
165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 930 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression in the eastern Vietnamese Sea on September 30. It drifted eastward into Luzon, and looped to the southwest where it strengthened into a tropical storm on October 4.[1] Sarah, with weak steering currents, drifted to the south, becoming a typhoon on the 7th before hitting Palawan Island. The storm turned to the west, peaking at 130 mph winds on the 10th before the mid-level circulation became decoupled from the low-level circulation. Sarah weakened, and hit eastern Vietnam on the 14th as a 60 mph tropical storm. The storm brought heavy flooding and wind, causing massive crop damage and loss of life. Sarah then weakened to a low-pressure area on October 15, but its remnants continued to move east towards east of Manila, Philippines and curved again towards Vietnam and fully dissipated on October 23.
Tropical Storm Roger (Sisang)
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 3 – October 7 |
| Peak intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 985 hPa (mbar) |
Convective activity increased in the monsoon trough that extended over the Caroline Islands on September 28. Post-analysis indicated the existence of a weak circulation southwest of Guam which was to become Tropical Storm Roger. 21W was then upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Roger on October 4.[1] Strong flow from the equator was drawn into Roger's circulation, preventing development to a disturbance to the east which would become Typhoon Tip.[9] A strong mid-level southeasterly steering current caused Roger to move northwest. Roger then executed a cyclonic loop on October 5. The storm continued to move northwest until north of the ridge axis, after which it turned in a north-northeastward direction. Roger then became an extratropical cyclone on October 8 as it merged with a cold front south of Japan.[1]
Super Typhoon Tip (Warling)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 4 – October 19 |
| Peak intensity |
260 km/h (160 mph) (10-min) 870 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Tip is considered to be the most intense and largest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the world.[1] The cyclone formed on October 5, and after moving into a very favorable environment for development, quickly strengthened into Super Typhoon Tip on the 11th. On the 12th, Super Typhoon Tip continued to intensify, with winds at 190 miles per hour and central pressure at 870 millibars, the lowest barometric pressure ever recorded from a tropical cyclone. Tip ultimately hit Japan, causing 68 deaths and moderate damage. The storm then dissipated on October 19.
Super Typhoon Vera (Yayang)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
November 2 – November 7 |
| Peak intensity |
205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min) 915 hPa (mbar) |
Vera began as a tropical disturbance in the near equatorial trough on October 27. The disturbance rapidly intensified into a tropical storm and was named Vera on November 2. Vera continued to intensify and reached typhoon strength on November 3.[1] The storm rapidly intensified, reaching it's peak intensity as a super typhoon with 160 mph (260 km/h) winds on November 4.[10] Reconnaissance aircraft indicated that Vera maintained it's peak strength for 24 hours before weakening as it approached Catanduanes Island.[1] The next day, Vera weakened to a category 4 storm with 130 mph (215 km/h) winds.[10] The Philippines began restricting low-Ievel inflow as Vera continued northwestward toward northern Luzon. Vera made landfall north of Tarigtig Point with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) on the 6th. Shortly after making landfall, an enhanced low-level northeasterly flow over the Taiwan Strait coupled with strong upper-level southwesterlies over the Philippines resulted in the storm's weakening. After moving into the South China Sea, the strong northeast monsoon flow accelerated Vera southwestward and Vera dissipated at 1200 UTC November 7.[1]
Severe Tropical Storm Wayne (Ading)
| Severe tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
November 7 – November 13 |
| Peak intensity |
95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar) |
A mid-level circulation was detected on satellite imagery in early November. Wayne moved to the north initially and began to develop more definitive surface circulation on November 7. Wayne turned to the west, tracking toward the central Philippines on November 11. Wayne dissipated as it made landfall in Luzon on November 13.[1]
Tropical Depression 26W
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
December 1 – December 2 |
| Peak intensity |
55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min) 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Abby (Barang)
| Typhoon (JMA) |
| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
December 1 – December 14 |
| Peak intensity |
165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 950 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance developed over the Marshall Islands on November 29.[1] The disturbance then intensified into Tropical Depression 27W on December 1. 27W then intensified into a tropical storm and was named Abby.[11] The storm moved west and turned to the northwest, while reducing It's forward movement on December 3. The JTWC predicted intensification as the storm moved towards Guam. However, Abby weakened to a tropical depression on the 6th as it moved west of Truk. On December 7, Abby reintensified into a weak tropical storm. On the 8th, Abby weakened once again to a tropical depression and accelerated forward. By December 9, aircraft reconnaissance indicated that Abby had two centers of circulation. On the 10th, Abby attained typhoon strength which made it the last typhoon of 1979. On the next day, Abby recurved in response to a mid tropospheric short-wave trough. Typhoon Abby reached maximum intensity of 125 mph (205 km/h) with a minimum pressure of 951 mb on December 13. As Abby continued to move east-northeast, it rapidly weakened due to strong westerlies. Typhoon Abby then dissipated on December 14 due to strong shear.[1]
Tropical Storm Ben (Krising)
| Tropical storm (JMA) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
December 20 – December 23 |
| Peak intensity |
85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 994 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical depression developed on December 20.[1] Later that day, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm. Ben then reached it's peak intensity on December 22 with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h.) The storm was downgraded to tropical depression on the 23th and dissipated later that day.[12] Ben was the last tropical cyclone of the 1979 pacific typhoon season.
Storm names
During the season 23 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list starting this year, which now includes both female and male names.
| Alice | Bess | Cecil | Dot | Ellis | Faye | Gordon | Hope | Irving | Judy | Ken | Lola |
| Mac | Nancy | Owen | Pamela | Roger | Sarah | Tip | Vera | Wayne | Abby | Ben |
Philippines
| Auring | Bebeng | Karing | Diding | Etang |
| Gening | Herming | Ising | Luding | Mameng |
| Neneng | Oniang | Pepang | Rosing | Sisang |
| Trining | Uring | Warling | Yayang | |
| Auxiliary list |
| | | | | Ading |
| Barang | Krising | Dadang (unused) | Erling (unused) | Goying (unused) |
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1983 season. This is the same list used for the 1975 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.
Retirement
Naming storms using both female and male names are supposed to be used alternatively. Because Alice is a female name followed by Bess with the same gender, the JTWC retired the name Alice and was replaced by Andy, a male name and was first used in the 1982 season.
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1979 Pacific typhoon season. It includes their duration, names, affected areas, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1979 USD. Names listed in parentheses were assigned by PAGASA.
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1979 ATCR TABLE OF CONTENTS
- ↑ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 197902 (BESS) - General Information (Pressure and Track Charts)". agora.ex.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
- ↑ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 197903 (CECIL) - General Information (Pressure and Track Charts)". agora.ex.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ↑ Fay, Henderson (1979). "Tropical Cyclone Disasters in the Philippines, A Listing of Major Typhoons by Month Through 1979" (PDF). Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Development. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
- 1 2 . Unisys Weather http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1979/7/track.dat. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ↑ . Unisys Weather http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1979/15/track.dat. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ↑ . Unisys Weather http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1979/16/track.dat. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ↑ . JTWC http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1979/1979s-bwp/bwp191979.txt. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
- ↑ "http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108%3C1915:AAOSTT%3E2.0.CO;2". doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108%3C1915:aaostt%3E2.0.co;2.
- 1 2 . JTWC http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1979/1979s-bwp/bwp241979.txt. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
- ↑ . JTWC http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1979/1979s-bwp/bwp271979.txt. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ↑ . Unisys Weather http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1979/28/track.dat. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
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