1984 in spaceflight

1984 in spaceflight

National firsts
Space traveller	Canada  India
Rockets
Maiden flights	Ariane 3 Atlas G Space Shuttle Discovery
Retirements	Titan 24B
Manned flights
Orbital	8
Total travellers	37

Launches

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Launch site		LSP
	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks
31 January 03:08	Titan 34D/Transtage		Cape Canaveral LC-40
	OPS-0441 (Vortex 4)	NRO	High Earth	SIGINT	In orbit	Successful
3 February 13:00	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-41-B	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	11 February 12:15	Successful
	Westar 6	Western Union	Intended: Geosynchronous Actual: Low Earth	Communications	16 November 11:59	Deployment failure
	Palapa B2	Telkom Indonesia	Intended: Geosynchronous Actual: Low Earth	Communications	16 November 11:59	Deployment failure
	SPAS-1A	NASA	Low Earth (Challenger)	Microgravity research	11 February 12:15	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; first use of the Manned Maneuvering Unit and the first Space Shuttle landing at the Kennedy Space Center. PAM failures led to Westar 6 and Palapa B2 being stranded in Low Earth orbit. The satellites were subsequently retrieved by Space Shuttle Discovery during mission STS-51-A in November and were returned to Earth for refurbishment. Westar 6 was sold to AsiaSat and renamed AsiaSat 1, and launched by a Chinese Long March 3 carrier rocket on 7 April 1990. Palapa B2 was renamed Palapa B2R and was launched by an American Delta II 6925-8 carrier rocket on 13 April 1990.
5 February 18:44	Atlas H		Vandenberg SLC-3E
	OPS-8737 (NOSS 7)	US Navy	Low Earth	SIGINT	In orbit	Successful
8 February 12:07	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Soyuz T-10		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EO-3	11 April 10:48	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with three cosmonauts
21 February 06:46	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Progress 19		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	1 April 18:18	Successful
5 March 00:50	Ariane 1		Kourou ELA		CNES
	Intelsat 508	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
3 April 13:08	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Soyuz T-11		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EP-3	2 October 10:57	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first Indian space traveller
6 April 13:58	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-41-C	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment and repair	13 April 13:38	Successful
	LDEF	NASA	Low Earth	Material science	20 January 1990 06:35	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; Solar Max repair mission LDEF retrieved by Space Shuttle Columbia during mission STS-32 in January 1990.
14 April 16:52	Titan 34D/Transtage		Cape Canaveral LC-40
	OPS-7641 (DSP-12)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Early warning	In orbit	Successful
15 April 08:12	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Progress 20		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	7 May 00:32	Successful
17 April 18:45	Titan 24B		Vandenberg SLC-4W
	OPS-8424 (KH-8-54)	NRO	Sun-synchronous	Reconnaissance	13 August	Successful
	Final flight of Titan 24B and the final KH-8 spacecraft
7 May 22:47	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Progress 21		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	26 May 15:00	Successful
23 May 01:33	Ariane 1		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Spacenet F1	Spacenet	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
28 May 14:12	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Progress 22		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	15 July 18:52	Successful
9 June 23:03	Atlas G		Cape Canaveral LC-36B
	Intelsat 509	Intelsat	Intended: Geosynchronous Achieved: Low Earth	Communications	24 October	Launch Failure
	Maiden flight of Atlas G Upper stage malfunction left payload in a useless orbit
13 June 11:37	Atlas E/SGS-2		Vandenberg SLC-3W
	USA-1 (GPS-9)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
25 June 18:47	Titan 34D		Vandenberg SLC-4E
	USA-2 (KH-9-19)	NRO	Sun-synchronous	Reconnaissance	18 October	Successful
	USA-3 (SSF-D-5)	NRO	Sun-synchronous	ELINT	In orbit	Successful
17 July 17:40	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 31/6
	Soyuz T-12		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EP-4	29 July 12:55	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with three cosmonauts First manned flight of Soyuz-U2
4 August 13:32	Ariane 3		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Eutelsat 1F2	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Telecom 1A	France Télécom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Maiden flight of Ariane 3 Eutelsat 1F2 retired in 1993
14 August 06:28	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5
	Progress 23		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	28 August 01:28	Successful
28 August 18:03	Titan 34B		Vandenberg SLC-4W
	USA-4 (SDS-1-5)	US Air Force	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Successful
30 August 12:41	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-41-D	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	5 September 15:37	Successful
	SBS-4	SBS	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Telstar 302	AT&T	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Leasat 2	US Navy	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	OAST-1	NASA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Solar array R&D	5 September 15:37	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with six astronauts Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Discovery
8 September 21:41	Atlas E/SGS-2		Vandenberg SLC-3W
	USA-5 (GPS-10)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
5 October 11:03	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-41-G	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	13 October 16:26	Successful
	ERBS	NASA	Low Earth	Radiation budget observation	In orbit	Successful
	OSTA-3	NASA	Low Earth (Challenger)	Earth imaging	13 October 16:26	Successful
	ORS	NASA	Low Earth (Challenger)	Satellite refuelling demonstration	13 October 16:26	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Canadian space traveller Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) ERBS retired on 14 October 2005
8 November 12:15	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-A	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment and retrieval	16 November 11:59	Successful
	Anik D2	Telesat Canada	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Leasat 1	US Navy	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Manned orbital flight with five astronauts Anik D2 retired on 31 January 1995 Retrieved Westar 6 and Palapa B2 satellites which were stranded in Low Earth orbit after PAM failures during deployment from Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-41-B in February.
10 November 01:14	Ariane 3		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Spacenet F2	Spacenet	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	MARECS 2	ESA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
4 December 18:03	Titan 34D		Vandenberg SLC-4E
	USA-6 (KH-11-6)	NRO	Sun-synchronous	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Successful
12 December 10:42	Atlas E/Star-37S-ISS		Vandenberg SLC-3W
	NOAA 9 (NOAA-F)	NOAA	Sun-synchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Successful
22 December 00:02	Titan 34D/Transtage		Cape Canaveral LC-40
	USA-7 (DSP-12)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Early warning	In orbit	Successful

Deep-space rendezvous

There were no deep-space rendezvous in 1984.

EVAs

Start date/time	Duration	End time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
7 February	5 hours 55 minutes		STS-41-B Challenger	Bruce McCandless II Robert L. Stewart	McCandless and Stewart rode on the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMUs) during the first untethered EVAs in history. Both astronauts practiced using tools and procedures for the planned capture and repair of the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite to be performed in a subsequent flight.[1]
9 February	6 hours 17 minutes		STS-41-B Challenger	Bruce McCandless II Robert L. Stewart	Continued testing the MMUs and practice with tools and procedures to be used with recovery and repair of the SMM satellite.[1]
8 April 14:18	2 hours 38 minutes	16:56	STS-41-C Challenger	George Nelson James van Hoften	Nelson rode the MMU to the SMM satellite. Van Hoften stood by in the payload bay to provide any needed assistance. After three unsuccessful attempts to capture the SMM with the Trunnion Pin Acquisition Device (TPAD) tool and one attempt to grab the satellite by hand, the spacewalkers returned to Challenger. The SMM was recovered the next day with the RMS.[2]
11 April 08:58	6 hours 44 minutes	15:42	STS-41-C Challenger	George Nelson James van Hoften	Completed repair of the SMM satellite and then continued testing of the MMU.[3]
23 April 04:31	4 hours 20 minutes	08:46	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Installed a new ladder to reach the ruptured Main Oxidizer Line on Salyut 7. First of five EVAs to conduct the repair.
26 April 02:40	4 hours 56 minutes	07:40	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Removed installation and installed a valve in the spare oxidizer line. Second of five EVAs to repair the Main Oxidizer Line on the station.
29 April 01:35	2 hours 45 minutes	04:20	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Installed a bypass line around the damaged section of the Main Oxidizer Line on the station. Third of five repair EVAs.
3 May 23:15	2 hours 45 minutes	4 May 02:00	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Installed a second bypass line and replaced thermal insulation at the Main Oxidizer Line of the station. Fourth of five repair EVAs.
18 May 17:52	3 hours 5 minutes	20:57	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Installed two new solar arrays onto the space station.
25 July 14:55	3 hours 35 minutes	18:29	Salyut 7 EP-4	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savitskaya	Tested the URI multi-purpose tool with several metal samples. Savitskaya became the first women in history to perform an EVA.
8 August 08:46	5 hours	13:46	Salyut 7 EO-3	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Using a pneumatic press tool delivered by Soyuz T-12, the cosmonauts completed the fifth and final EVA to repair the damaged Main Oxidizer Line of the station by crimping the ends of the ruptured pipe.
11 October 15:38	3 hours 29 minutes	19:05	STS-41-G Challenger	David Leestma Kathryn Sullivan	Demonstrated the use of the Orbital Refueling System, including the installation of an ORS valve maintenance kit.[4] Sullivan was the first American women and the second women in history to conduct an EVA.[5]
12 November 13:25	6 hours	19:25	STS-51-A Discovery	Joseph P. Allen Dale Gardner	Allen rode the MMU to the Palapa B2 satellite and retrieved it into the payload bay. Gardner and Allen then secured the satellite in the payload bay for return to Earth.[6]
14 November 11:09	5 hours 42 minutes	16:51	STS-51-A Discovery	Joseph P. Allen Dale Gardner	Gardner rode the MMU to the Westar 6 satellite and retrieved it into the payload bay. Allen and Gardner then secured the satellite in the payload bay for return to Earth.[6]

References

Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches". Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report". Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive". Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica". Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive". "NASASpaceFlight.com". "Spaceflight Now". "Space Information Center". JAXA. "Space Calendar". NASA JPL. "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101. "Launch Forecast". Space.com. Clark, Stephen. "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. "U.S. Space Objects Registry". "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. Cosmoworld.ru (in Russian).

Generic references:

Footnotes

1. Collins, Jr., Michael A. (March 1984). "STS 41B National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 8. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
2. "Space Shuttle Flight 11 (STS-41C)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
3. Collins, Michael (May 1984). "STS-41C National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 5. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
4. Collins, Jr., Michael A. (November 1984). "STS 41-G National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 3. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
5. Wade, Mark (2008). "Sullivan web page". Encyclopedia Astronautica web site. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
6. "Space Shuttle Flight 14 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2009.