2002 Poso bus attacks

2002 Poso bus attacks
Location	Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Toini village, Poso Pesisir district. Kawua and Ranononue, Poso district. Mayoa village, South Pamona subdistrict.
Date	1st – 5 June 2002 2nd – 12 July 2002 3rd – 8 August 2002
Target	Passenger buses
Attack type	Improvised explosive device Improvised explosive device Small arms fire
Deaths	7 fatalities 1st – 5 2nd – 1 3rd – 1 (Lorenzo Taddey)
Non-fatal injuries	26 injuries 1st – 17 2nd – 5 3rd – 4
Perpetrators	Suspected local Islamic militants

The 2002 Poso bus attacks were a series of terrorist attacks targeting public transport that occurred in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, between 5 June and 8 August 2002. In total 7 people were killed and 26 wounded, including an Italian tourist.^[1] The first attack occurred on 5 June 2002, when a bomb detonated in an Antariksa-owned public bus servicing the Palu, Poso and Tentena routes. Four passengers were killed instantly and 17 more were wounded, one of who would succumb to his injuries two weeks later.^[2][3][4] On 13 July 2002 the second attack occurred on the trans-Sulawesi highway when the bus driver found a bag lying on the road and asked his conductor to retrieve it, triggering the device: an 18-year-old bystander was killed and at least 4 others severely wounded in the blast.^[1] In the third attack, on 8 August 2002, an Italian tourist was killed and at least 4 Indonesians injured when unknown assailants fired automatic weapons into another bus.^[5][6]

First attack

On the afternoon of 5 June 2002, an improvised explosive device exploded aboard the bus operated by the Antariksa company as it carried 25 passengers, mostly from Tentena.^[2] The explosion happened as the vehicle passed through the Landaiga hamlet of Toini village, Poso Pesisir district.^[7] Those killed in the blast were identified as; Edy Makawimbang, Edy Ulin, Gande Alimbuto and Lastri Octovia Alimbuto. A fifth passenger – Yanti Alimbuto – died of his injuries at the Tentena General Hospital on 13 June.^[2]

Second attack

On the afternoon of 12 July 2002 a bus heading from Palu to Tentena along the trans-Sulawesi highway stopped to investigate a suspicious bag lying on the road in the hills nearby Kawua and Ranononue.^[6] The bus driver asked his conductor to shift the bag. Upon doing so the device contained inside exploded, severely wounding four people, including the bus conductor. A second device was also reportedly hurled at the window of the stationary bus, killing an 18-year-old female passenger who was still aboard.^[1] The attack occurred only 20 meters from a joint army and police security post.^[6]

Third attack

On the morning of 8 August 2002, a group of unidentified armed individuals fired automatic weapon fire into a bus travelling near Mayoa village in the South Pamona subdistrict, killing an Italian tourist and wounding 4 Indonesians.^[5][6] The deceased Italian was identified as Lorenzo Taddey, who had been travelling from Tana Toraja with his wife.^[8][9][10] Following the attack, Wirabuana Military Area Commander Maj. Gen. Amirul Isnaeni admitted that a number of Kopassus personnel were stationed in the area to investigate the presence of foreign citizens living in Poso, some of who may have links to al Qaeda.^[9][10]

Investigation

The bomb blasts are linked to sectarian conflict between Muslims and Christians in Central Sulawesi that killed at least 577 people and displaced another 86,000 during three-year period before a government-sponsored truce agreed in December 2001.^[11]

The Indonesian authorities' failure to capture the assailants or uncover their identities and whereabouts sparked speculation that sections of the security forces could have been complicit in the Central Sulawesi attacks. A local Muslim figure speculated that violence had escalated after the Wirabuana military command, based in the South Sulawesi capital of Makassar, sent members of Army's Special Force (Kopassus) members to Poso.^[12]

In response to the attacks, the Indonesian Military called for the imposition of a state of civil emergency or martial law in the restive Poso regency. The suggestion was in response to the rumored presence of several armed foreigners who had allegedly entered Poso on tourist visas. However, then Central Sulawesi Governor, Aminuddin Ponulele, and the provincial police chief Brig. Gen. Zainal Abidin Ishak both voiced opposition to the plan.^[13]

References

1. "Poso back to normal after bomb blast". Jakarta Post. 14 July 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
2. "Tentena still tense after bus bombing". Jakarta Post. 17 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
3. "Bomb kills 4, wounds 17 on Indonesian bus". Kingman Daily Miner. Associated Press. 6 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
4. "Bomb rips bus, kills four in Indonesia". United Press International. 6 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
5. "Christians, Muslims vow to seek peace in Sulawesi". New Sunday Times. Agence France-Presse. 13 August 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
6. Breakdown: Four Years of Communal Violence in Central Sulawesi (Volume 14, Issue 9 of Human Rights Watch: Asia ed.). Human Rights Watch (Organization). 2002. pp. 35–37.
7. "Poso returns to normal despite recent incidents". Jakarta Post. 19 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
8. "Italian tourist killed by gunman in Indonesia". Xinhua News Agency. 9 August 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
9. Ressa, Maria (14 August 2002). "Al Qaeda links to Indonesian violence". CNN. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
10. Henk Schulte Nordholt, Geert Arend van Klinken, ed. (2007). Renegotiating Boundaries: Local Politics in Post-Suharto Indonesia. KITLV Press. p. 289. ISBN 9789067182836.
11. "IV. PART TWO: CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT". Central Sulawesi Conflict Report. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
12. "Security forces blamed for Poso attacks". Jakarta Post. 15 August 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
13. "Governor, police oppose emergency status in Poso". Jakarta Post. 19 August 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.