4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase

4,4'-diapophytoene synthase
Identifiers
EC number	2.5.1.96
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

4,4'-diapophytoene synthase (EC 2.5.1.96, dehydrosqualene synthase, DAP synthase, C30 carotene synthase, CrtM) is an enzyme with systematic name farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (4,4'-diapophytoene forming).^[1][2][3][4] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ 4,4'-diapophytoene + 2 diphosphate (overall reaction)

(1a) 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate

(1b) presqualene diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ 4,4'-diapophytoene + diphosphate

This enzym requires Mn²⁺. It is preset in Staphylococcus aureus and some other bacteria such as Heliobacillus sp.

References

1. Umeno, D.; Tobias, A.V.; Arnold, F.H. (2002). "Evolution of the C₃₀ carotenoid synthase CrtM for function in a C₄₀ pathway". J. Bacteriol. 184 (23): 6690–6699. doi:10.1128/jb.184.23.6690-6699.2002. PMID 12426357.
2. Pelz, A.; Wieland, K.P.; Putzbach, K.; Hentschel, P.; Albert, K.; Gotz, F. (2005). "Structure and biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin from Staphylococcus aureus". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (37): 32493–32498. doi:10.1074/jbc.M505070200. PMID 16020541.
3. Ku, B.; Jeong, J.C.; Mijts, B.N.; Schmidt-Dannert, C.; Dordick, J.S. (2005). "Preparation, characterization, and optimization of an in vitro C₃₀ carotenoid pathway". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (11): 6578–6583. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6578-6583.2005. PMID 16269684.
4. Liu, C.I.; Liu, G.Y.; Song, Y.; Yin, F.; Hensler, M.E.; Jeng, W.Y.; Nizet, V.; Wang, A.H.; Oldfield, E. (2008). "A cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor blocks Staphylococcus aureus virulence". Science. 319: 1391–1394. doi:10.1126/science.1153018. PMC 2747771. PMID 18276850.

External links

• 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)