645
This article is about the year 645. For the photographic format, see 645 film.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century · 7th century · 8th century |
| Decades: | 610s · 620s · 630s · 640s · 650s · 660s · 670s |
| Years: | 642 · 643 · 644 · 645 · 646 · 647 · 648 |
| 645 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 645 DCXLV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1398 |
| Armenian calendar | 94 ԹՎ ՂԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5395 |
| Bengali calendar | 52 |
| Berber calendar | 1595 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1189 |
| Burmese calendar | 7 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6153–6154 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 3341 or 3281 — to — 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 3342 or 3282 |
| Coptic calendar | 361–362 |
| Discordian calendar | 1811 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 637–638 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4405–4406 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 701–702 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 566–567 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3745–3746 |
| Holocene calendar | 10645 |
| Iranian calendar | 23–24 |
| Islamic calendar | 24–25 |
| Japanese calendar | Taika 1 (大化元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 536–537 |
| Julian calendar | 645 DCXLV |
| Korean calendar | 2978 |
| Minguo calendar | 1267 before ROC 民前1267年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −823 |
| Seleucid era | 956/957 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1187–1188 |
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Xuanzang (c. 602–664)
Year 645 (DCXLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 645 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Alexandria revolts against Arab rule at the appearance of a Byzantine fleet, (300 ships[1]) and Byzantine forces recapture the city. Abdullah ibn Sa'ad, Arab governor of Egypt, mounts an assault and retakes it. He begins building a Muslim fleet.
Europe
- Plato, exarch (imperial governor) of Ravenna, invades the southern Po Valley. The Lombards under King Rothari defeat him on the banks of the Panaro River (near Modena); 8,000 imperial troops are killed.
Britain
- King Cenwalh of Wessex (according to Bede) is driven from his kingdom by his brother-in-law, King Penda of Mercia. He flees to the court of Queen Anna of East Anglia, and is baptised while in exile. Penda overruns Wessex.
- Gwynedd and much of Wales is in the grasp of famine. Would-be king Cadwaladr Fendigaid flees to Brittany. Civil war continues in his kingdom (approximate date).
Japan
- July 10 – Isshi Incident: Prince Naka-no-Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari assassinate Soga no Iruka, during a coup d'état at the imperial palace.
- Empress Kōgyoku is forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her younger brother Kōtoku, age 49, who becomes the 36th emperor of Japan.
- Naka-no-Ōe becomes crown prince and prime minister. Supporters of the semi-legendary regent Prince Shōtoku gain supremacy in Japan.
- Emperor Kōtoku establishes the Taika Reform: a land reform based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China (approximate date).
- Kōtoku creates a new city at Naniwa, and moves the capital from Yamato Province. The capital has a sea port, establishing foreign trade and diplomatic relations.
China
- Goguryeo–Tang War: A Chinese expeditionary army under Emperor Taizong crosses the Liao River into Goguryeo (The one of Three kingdoms of Korea).[2]
- July 18 – Tang forces under Li Shiji heading southeast, toward the Yalu River, put the strategic fortress city of Ansi (Liaoning) under siege.
- September – Taizong is unable to capture Ansi fortress defended by Korean general Yang Manchun. Food supplies running low, he withdraws his forces.[3]
By topic
Religion
- Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, returns to China after a 16-year pilgrimage to India. He is greeted with much honor by Emperor Taizong.
- The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda at Ci'en Temple, Xi'an (Shanxi) is first erected during the Tang Dynasty (approximate date).
Births
- Æthelred, king of Mercia (approximate date)
- Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria (approximate date)
- Jitō, empress of Japan (d. 703)
- John of Damascus, Syrian church father (or 676)
- Mujahid ibn Jabr, Arabic scholar (or 642)
Deaths
- Al-Khansa, Arabic poet (b. 575)
- Cen Wenben, chancellor and editor of the Book of Zhou (b. 595)
- Li Chengqian, crown prince of the Tang Dynasty
- April 26 – Richarius, Frankish hermit and monk
- Soga no Emishi, statesman of Japan (b. 587)
- July 10 – Soga no Iruka, statesman of Japan
- Yan Shigu, Chinese author of the Tang Dynasty (b. 581)
References
- ↑ The Caliphate Its Rise, Decline and Fall. Conquest of Egypt, Chapter XXII (p. 166)
- ↑ Graff, David A. (2002). "Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300–900". London: Routledge, p. 197. ISBN 9780415239554
- ↑ Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). Korea and East Asia: "The story of a phoenix". Westport: Praeger. p. 16. ISBN 9780275958237.
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