76th Regiment of Foot

76th Regiment of Foot
Active 1745-1746 Lord Harcourt's Regiment
1756-1763 76th Regiment of Foot
1777-1784 76th Regiment of Foot (Macdonalds Highlanders)
1787-1881 76th Regiment of Foot
Country UK
Branch British Army
Type Line Infantry
Size 11 Companies
Nickname(s) The Immortals
The Pigs
The old Seventysixth
The Old Seven and Sixpennies
Motto(s) none
Colors Red Facings
March Quick: Scotland the Brave
Slow: Logie o'Buchan
Mascot(s) Indian Elephant
Engagements Mysore, Ally Ghur, Delhi 1803, Leswaree, Deig, Hindoostan, Corunna, Nive, Peninsula
Commanders
Last Commanding Officer Lieutenant Colonel JMD Allardice 1880-1881
Last Colonel of the Regiment General Fredrick Darley George CB 1875-1881

Earlier Raisings

The 76th Regiment of Foot was originally raised as Lord Harcourt's Regiment on 17 November 1745 and disbanded in June 1746.

Following the loss of Minorca to the French, it was raised again in November 1756 as the 61st Regiment, but renumbered to 76th, by General Order in 1758, and again disbanded in 1763. A second battalion raised by that regiment in October 1758, for service in Africa, was renumbered as the 86th Regiment and also disbanded in 1763.

On 25 December 1777 the 76th was again re-raised as the 76th Regiment of Foot (Macdonalds's Highlanders) by Colonel John MacDonell of Lochgarry, in the West of Scotland and Western Isles, as a Scottish Light Infantry regiment. It was disbanded at Stirling Castle in March 1784.

Final raising

The regiment was raised again in 1787 for the final time as the 76th Regiment of Foot by the Honorable East India Company for service in India. In 1881 the 76th Regiment, which shared the same Depot in Halifax as the 33rd (Duke of Wellington's) Regiment, was linked to the 33rd, under the Childers Reforms, to become the regiment's 2nd Battalion. Although retitled as the Halifax Regiment (Duke of Wellington's) this title only lasted six months until it was changed on 30 June 1881, in a revised appendix to General order 41, to: The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment), or 'W Rid R' for short. In January 1921 it was again retitled The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding), or 'DWR' for short. On 6 June 2006 the 'Dukes' were amalgamated with the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire and The Green Howards, all Yorkshire-based regiments in the King's Division, to form the Yorkshire Regiment.

Lineage

Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt

Lord Harcourt's Regiment

During 1745 13 provincial 'foot regiments and two horse regiments, the 67th to the 79th, were raised by the nobility of England for service in the Jacobite Rebellions in Scotland. Lord Harcourt raised the 76th and as was the custom at that time named it Lord Harcourt's Regiment. Despite initial resistance by senior regular officers he and the other members of the nobility who raised the regiments each received regular commissions as colonels in the army. The 76th, along with 10 others, was disbanded on 10 June 1746, when their services were no longer required. The soldiers were given a bounty of only six days pay, to encourage them to enlist into other regular regiments.

76th Regiment of Foot

The regiment was raised again in 1756 for service in the Seven Years' War. It was commanded by Lt Col George Forbes (Viscount Forbes), from 1756 until 1761, when the Regiment was Posted to Martinique, under the command of Lt Col Wiliam Rufane, who became the Governor of Martinique from February 1762 until July 1763, when France regained possession. The 76th regiment was then disbanded, in 1763.

MacDonalds Highlanders

The 76th Regiment of Foot (MacDonald's Highlanders), sometimes referred to as 'MacDonnell's Highlanders' after its colonel, John MacDonnell of Lochgarry, was a Scottish Light Infantry regiment raised in the west of Scotland and western isles of Scotland on 25 December 1777, by the Clan MacDonald. It consisted of seven companies of Highlanders: two of Lowlanders and an Irish company.[1][2]

It was presented with its colours at Inverness in March 1778 and moved into barracks at Fort George. In March 1779 it moved to Perth where, following a dispute over their pay and bounty payment, soldiers from the regiment took part in the Burntisland mutiny of March 1779, whilst under the command of Major John Sinclair, 11th Earl of Caithness (Lord Berridale), after which it was transferred to Jersey in the Channel Islands and embarked for New York in August 1779. Sinclair, the Earl of Caithness was himself badly wounded during the Siege of Charleston,[3] which took place from March to May 1780, where American and French forces were defeated.

The regiment campaigned from March 1781, under the command of Major Francis Needham, 1st Earl of Kilmorey (who was also the regimental Colonel of the 86th Foot) in the American Revolutionary War and fought at the Battle of Green Spring on July 6, 1781 where they defeated the French Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette. The regiment was captured in the Siege of Yorktown three months later in October. It was split up and the troops were interned at various locations throughout Virginia. Following the end of the war, in 1783, it returned to Scotland and was commanded by Sir Robert Stuart. The regiment was finally disbanded at Stirling Castle in March 1784.

76th Foot - East India Company

The 76th Regiment of Foot was raised again, this time for service in India by the East India Company in 1787, due to fears that war with France was imminent.[4] The threat however, soon dissipated and the East India Company subsequently refused to support, or embark, the regiment. Because of this, Parliament passed the East India Declaratory Act which required that troops that were deemed necessary for the security of overseas territories be funded and supported by those territories. The Royal Warrant for their raising was issued on 12 October 1787 and read:

GEORGE R.
Whereas We have thought fit to order a Regt of Foot to be
forthwith raised under your Command, which is to consist of ten
Companies, with 3 Sergts, 4 Corpls, 2 Drumrs & 71 private Men
in each, with two Fifers to the Grenadier Compy and one
Compy, of 8 Sergts, 8 Corpls, 4 Drumrs & 30 private Men with
the usuals Comd. Officers, these are to authorise you by Beat of
Drum or otherwise to raise so many Men in any Country or part
of our Kingdom of Great Britain as shall be wanted to complete
the said Regt, to the above mentioned numbers. And all above
Given the 12th October. 1787 in the 27th Year of Our Reign.
By H.M.'s Command (Sd.) Geo. Yonge

The majority of recruits were raised from Nottingham and Leicestershire, but many of them came from the Musgrave family estates around Hayton Castle, near Aspatria, Cumbria.[5] The Colonel of the Regiment was General Sir Thomas Musgrave, 7th Baronet (1737-1812) of Hayton Castle.

India

The regiment took part in a number of battles of the Second Anglo-Maratha War, including the Battle of Ally Ghur, when British forces besieged it. At the time it was one of the strongest forts in all of India, and was commanded by General Perron, a Frenchman. The 76th fought stoutly during that battle, against astonishing resistance by the enemy forces, receiving a number of dead and wounded, in no large part due to the fierce hand-to-hand fighting that took place during the action. The regiment also took part in the capture of Delhi and Agra, as well as the Battle of Leswaree, where they performed with great courage in one of the bloodiest of battles.

For their distinguished service in these actions, King George III gave his authorisation to the 76th, allowing them to have the word "Hindoostan" emblazoned upon the regimental colours, along with an elephant badge with a howdah atop the elephant, also inscribed with the word "Hindoostan". It was also presented with a stand of honorary colours, making the regiment the only one to carry four colours on parade. The names inscribed upon the honorary colours were "Ally Ghur", "Delhi", "Agra" and "Leswaree".

Europe

In 1806 the regiment returned to the United Kingdom. The following year, the regiment was deployed to Jersey in the Channel Islands for garrison duty. It was stationed there until 1808, when the 76th were deployed to Spain to take part in the Peninsular War.

In that campaign, the regiment fought at the Battle of La Corunna in January 1809, as part of the 2nd Division, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir John Hope. The 76th fought with distinction in a battle that caused 800 casualties for the British and 1,500 for the French.

In that same year, the 76th were then involved in the disastrous expedition to the Low Countries. Some 39,000 troops landed at Walcheren, with the objectives of destroying the French fleet, believed to be at Flushing, and of assisting the Austrians who were now at war with France. Unfortunately, by the time the British forces had actually landed, the Austrians had been defeated. The British did capture their objective of Flushing, but the French fleet had already escaped, making their way to Antwerp. During the expedition, the 76th was part of the 3rd Division, which landed on Walcheren Island while other divisions landed on South Beveland Island. Over 4,000 men died in the expedition: only 106 of these in combat; the rest were taken by Walcheren Fever. Many thousands who took part in the expedition were still weakened by the illness despite returning to Britain. It was a truly disastrous campaign.

In 1813 the 76th returned to Spain, taking part in a number of actions in the closing months of the campaign. The Peninsular War was soon over though. The 76th were not to get any respite and were soon dispatched to take part in the British–American War: a war that had begun just a year before, in 1812.

Garrison Duties

The 76th, now in Canada, were part of the force that took part in the failed Battle of Plattsburgh at Lake Champlain in September 1814. The regiment then served thirteen years in Canada, defending the border with the United States against any further aggression by Canada's neighbours. The regiment did this duty professionally, despite the boredom that was ever-present in doing these duties. The 76th finally returned home in 1827, their job done.

The 76th then, due to an unbroken peace which lasted until the Crimean war, had garrison duties as their main role. It was stationed in Ireland from 1827 to 1834, and then for some seven years in the West Indies, where slaves hired from their British sugar plantation owners were extensively used by the Army, which accounted for about 10% of the estimated 15,000 slaves imported into the West Indies every year. Each regiment had its own complement of slave labourers; in 1797 in Jamaica alone, the cost to the Army amounted to £20,000 (local value).[6]

From around 1841 the 76th was stationed successively in Nova Scotia, Ireland, England and Scotland; a tour in the Mediterranean included Corfu (a British possession 1815-1864) and Malta; and then back to Nova Scotia in 1854, thus avoiding the Crimean War. The regiment spent only nine out of forty years in the UK.[7]

In 1854, the regiment was again sent to Canada, staying there until 1857, performing numerous duties, including putting out the fires that occasionally occurred. In 1858, the regiment was stationed in Dublin. In 1861, the 76th arrived in Glasgow, with a few companies being dispatched to Ayr and Paisley. The following year, the regiment was moved to Aldershot: first by sea to Liverpool, then by rail to their final destination. In 1865 the 76th returned to the country they had been created for - India. It remained there until 1868, being deployed to Burma and remaining there for a further three years.

As a result of the Childers Reforms (a continuation of the Cardwell Reforms of the armed forces), the 76th was amalgamated in 1881 with the 33rd (Duke of Wellington's) Regiment, whose training depot they shared in Halifax, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The 33rd formed the 1st Battalion, and the 76th the 2nd Battalion.

On 6 June 2006 The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) amalgamated with the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire and the Green Howards - all Yorkshire-based regiments in the King's Division - to form the Yorkshire Regiment.

Battle honours

Battle honours won by the regiment were:[8]

Colonels

Lord Harcourt's Regiment

* disbanded 1746

61st, then 76th, Regiment of Foot

76th Regiment of Foot (MacDonald's Highlanders)

* disbanded 1784

76th Regiment of Foot

Colonels of the Regiments were:[8]

See also

Category:76th Regiment of Foot officers Duke of Wellington's Regiment

References

Citations
  1. ↑ Old Seventy-Sixth Highlanders
  2. ↑ Brereton & Savory 1993, p. 78n.
  3. ↑ MacLean, John. P. (2010). An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America Prior to the Peace of 1783 p. 372.
  4. ↑ Brereton & Savory 1993, p. 76.
  5. ↑ Brereton & Savory 1993, p. 79.
  6. ↑ Buckley, Roger Norman (1998). The British Army in the West Indies: Society and the Military in the Revolutionary Age. University Press of Florida. pp. 135, 137. ISBN 9780813016047.
  7. ↑ Butterworth, Flaving and Harvey (2009), The 'Dukes' 1702 - 2006 (PDF), p. 30
  8. 1 2 "76th Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  9. 1 2 "61st Regiment of Foot, 76th Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 29 December 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Sources

External links

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