ACV synthetase

ACV synthetase (ACVS, L-δ-(α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase, N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase, EC 6.3.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3 ATP + L-2-aminohexanedioate + L-cysteine + L-valine + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons

3 AMP + 3 PP_i + N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine

The five substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-2-aminohexanedioate, L-cysteine, L-valine, and H₂O, whereas its three products are AMP, diphosphate, and N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine.

ACVS is an example of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). It participates in penicillin and cephalosporin biosyntheses.

References

Byford MF, Baldwin JE, Shiau CY, Schofield CJ (1997). "The Mechanism of ACV Synthetase". Chem. Rev. 97 (7): 2631–2650. doi:10.1021/cr960018l. PMID 11851475.
Theilgaard HB, Kristiansen KN, Henriksen CM, Nielsen J (1997). "Purification and characterization of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase from Penicillium chrysogenum". Biochem. J. 327 (Pt 1): 185–91. doi:10.1042/bj3270185. PMC 1218779. PMID 9355751.

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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