ASSET (spacecraft)
| ASSET | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Preserved ASSET vehicle at USAF Museum, Dayton, Ohio | |
| Role | Spaceplane research — never flew beyond Earth's atmosphere |
| Manufacturer | McDonnell Aircraft |
| First flight | September 18, 1963 |
| Status | Museum piece |
| Primary user | United States Air Force |
| Number built | 6 |
| Developed from | Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar |
| Variants | Winged Gemini |
ASSET, or Aerothermodynamic Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Tests was an experimental US space project involving the testing of an unmanned sub-scale reentry vehicle.
Development and Testing
Begun in 1960, ASSET was originally designed to verify the superalloy heat shield of the X-20 Dyna-Soar prior to full-scale manned flights. The vehicle's biconic shape and low delta wing were intended to represent Dyna-Soar's forward nose section, where the aerodynamic heating would be the most intense; in excess of an estimated 2200 °C (4,000 °F) at the nose cap. Following the X-20 program's cancellation in December 1963, completed ASSET vehicles were used in reentry heating and structural investigations with hopes that data gathered would be useful for the development of future space vehicles, such as the Space Shuttle.
Built by McDonnell, each vehicle was launched on a suborbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral's Pad 17B at speeds of up to 6,000 m/s before making a water landing in the South Atlantic near Ascension Island. Originally, a Scout launch vehicle had been planned for the tests, but this was changed after a large surplus of Thor and Thor-Delta missiles (returned from deployment in the United Kingdom) became available.
Of the six vehicles built, only one was successfully recovered and is currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.[1]
Flights
| Mission | Launch Date | Apogee | Max. Speed | Result | Disposition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSET 1 | September 18, 1963 | 62 km | 4,906 m/s | Survived reentry; flotation equipment malfunctioned, preventing planned recovery. | Sunk in Atlantic. |
| ASSET 2 | March 24, 1964 | 55 km | Launch vehicle upper stage malfunction; vehicle self-destruct mechanism activated post-separation. Mission failed. | Destroyed. | |
| ASSET 3 | July 22, 1964 | 71 km | 5,500 m/s | Survived reentry; all mission goals met. | Recovered 12 hours after launch. Preserved. |
| ASSET 4 | October 28, 1964 | 50 km | 4,000 m/s | Survived reentry; all mission goals met; recovery not planned. | Sunk in Atlantic. |
| ASSET 5 | December 9, 1964 | 53 km | 4,000 m/s | Survived reentry; all mission goals met; recovery not planned. | Sunk in Atlantic. |
| ASSET 6 | February 23, 1965 | 70 km | 6,000 m/s | Survived reentry; flotation equipment malfunctioned, preventing planned recovery. | Sunk in Atlantic. |
Specifications
General characteristics
- Crew: None
- Length: 5.74 ft (1.75 m)
- Wingspan: 4.57 ft (1.39 m)
- Height: 2.73 ft (0.83 m)
- Loaded weight: 1,190 lb (540 kg)
- Powerplant: × Hydrogen peroxide reaction control thrusters
Performance
- Maximum speed: Mach 25
- Range: 2,700 miles (4300 km)
- Service ceiling: 50 miles (80 km)
- Hypersonic L/D Ratio: 1:1
Related content
Comparable Aircraft
Winged Gemini
In the mid-1960s, McDonnell proposed a variant of the Gemini capsule which retained the original spacecraft's internal subsystems and crew compartment, but dispensed with the tail-first ballistic reentry, parachute recovery and water landing.
Instead, the vehicle would be heavily modified externally into an ASSET-like lifting-reentry configuration. Post-reentry, a pair of stowed swing-wings would be deployed, giving the spacecraft sufficient L/D to make a piloted glide landing on a concrete runway using a skid-type landing gear (reinstated from the planned, but cancelled paraglider landing system), much like the Space Shuttle.
According to Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica, the intent seems to have been to field a manned military spaceplane at a minimal cost following the cancellation of the Dyna-Soar program.[2]