Allenwiller

Allenwiller
Allenwiller Town Hall
Coat of arms
Allenwiller
Location within Grand Est region  Allenwiller
Coordinates: 48°39′21″N 7°22′35″E / 48.6558°N 7.3764°ECoordinates: 48°39′21″N 7°22′35″E / 48.6558°N 7.3764°E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement	Saverne
Canton	Saverne
Government
• Mayor (2008–2020)	Roger Muller
Area^1	5.96 km^2 (2.30 sq mi)
Population (2009)^2	507
• Density	85/km^2 (220/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code	67004 / 67310
Elevation	225–400 m (738–1,312 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ^2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Allenwiller (Alsatian: Allanwiller, French: Allunwillier) is a former commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Sommerau.^[1]

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allenwillerois or Allenwilleroises.^[2]

Geography

A small village in the Bas-Rhin department in the Alsace region, Allenwiller is part of the Canton of Saverne. It is located at an altitude of 242 metres and neighbours the communes of Salenthal and Singrist. The commune has an area of 596 hectares.

Allenwiller is located about 35 kilometres west by north-west of Strasbourg and 10 km south of Saverne. The nearest store and railway station are at Marmoutier about 7 kilometres to the north.

Distances

All distances are road distances measured from road D817 (Rue de Romanswiller). From Allenwiller to:

• Saverne 12 km;
• Strasbourg: 35 km;
• Colmar: 80 km;
• Mulhouse: 117 km;
• Metz: 135 km.

The largest town near Allenwiller is the town of Saverne, located northwest of the commune.

Two rivers pass through Allenwiller: the Sommerau and the Sommergraben.

Neighbouring communes and villages^[3]

History

Allenwiller has often changed ownership. First owned by the Abbey of Marmoutier, it passed to the Bishop of Metz in 828, then to the lords of Ochsenstein in 1187, to the County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch in 1485, to Hanau-Lichtenberg in 1570, then finally to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1736.

Successive names of Allenwiller were:

• Alenevilla (10th century);
• Alhinwilre (13th century);
• Alhenwilre (14th century);
• Alenwilre (15th century);
• Alenweiler;
• then Allenwiller.

The first written record of the existence of Allenwiller traces back to the 10th century.

The origin of the coat of arms was from Ochsenstein Castle near Reinhardsmunster, via the forest house of Haberacker. This fortress had three interconnected castles.

The village often served as a pledge in return for a loan or debt.

In 1641 there were more people living in Allenwiller but the Thirty Years' War, poverty, famine, and pestilence destroyed the village. The repopulation of the village was carried out by families from Switzerland, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, and Normandy.

Heraldry

Blazon: Argent, 3 towers Gules 2 and 1 embattled of 5 pieces, port the same, masoned in sable.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors^[4]

From	To	Name	Party	Position
2001	2020	Roger Muller

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 507 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
632	458	445	458	487	496	507	483	467

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
433	424	465	445	506	460	430	406	393

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
393	415	405	400	402	401	365	363	369

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	-
358	381	378	393	418	453	-	507	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

At the 2011 census, there were 767 inhabitants in Allenwiller.

At the time of the Revolution

• 1792: 238 inhabitants
• 1793: 632 inhabitants
• 1794: 482 inhabitants

In 1793 the population of Allenwiller was very high, possibly due to the quartering of troops.

In the 19th century

A slight increase:

• 1806: 445 inhabitants
• 1836: 496 inhabitants
• 1875: 506 inhabitants

In the 20th century

First there was a decrease and then a rise in the second half of the century:

• 1905: 415 inhabitants
• 1941: 350 inhabitants
• 1954: 369 inhabitants
• 1975: 378 inhabitants
• 1990: 418 inhabitants
• 2009: 515 inhabitants
• 2010: 507 inhabitants

Repopulation after the Thirty Years War

Kieffer, in his Pfarrbuch of Hanau-Lichtenberg, published a survey dating from 1641. This is the statement of the royalties due to the lord. It lists all the different posts and after each post, there is the word "Nichts" meaning nil. It ends with the line "Wagenfrohnden nichts" meaning nothing. The explanation lies in a footnote: "es ist keine lebendige Seele mehr in Allenwiller" (there is no longer a living soul in Allenwiller).

In order to repopulate the village families came from Switzerland: the Clauss family, the Mullers, and the Zimmermanns came from the Bernese Oberland; the Gass family and The Steiners came from Basel. These people left their countries because the economic situation there was unenviable and a peasant revolt had been severely repressed. Other families came from Tyrol and Vorarlberg.

Still others came from Normandy. The Lord of Birkenwald, Gabriel du Terrier, brought families from his native province of Normandy. Their names underwent some modifications to French:

• Bastien = Bastian
• Messance = Messang
• Rollin = Rolling
• La Vitte = Virra = Wetha = Wetta

In 1687 Pierre Vitta was the manager of Birkenwald Castle.

Education

Students from Allenwiller attend nursery school in the commune. The primary school is at Salenthal. College students go to the Leonardo da Vinci College at Marmoutier and high school students go to the Leclerc school or to Haut-Barr in Saverne. In late 2011 a new school was built as an inter-school for the three villages that are in the regional grouping (RPI) (Allenwiller, Salenthal, and Birkenwald).

Economy

There was a sawmill in the village but it was sold. The nearest grocery store is at Romanswiller. A hypermarket is at Marmoutier. The courts are at Saverne and Strasbourg.

An Alsatian theatre takes place from February to May, but not every year for various reasons.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

• A Napoleonic Resting Bench at CD 817 (1855)^[5] There are many "Napoleonic" benches dated 1811 - the date of birth of Napoleon II. There is a "Eugenie" bench named after Empress Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III. These benches are dated 1854, 1855 and 1856. When the first trains connected the larger communities, these benches facilitated travel in the countryside. Erected every 2 km, there were 448 in the Bas-Rhin department. As victims of road widening they gradually disappeared and one was stolen on 3 November 2010 for unknown reasons.
• A Farmhouse at 1 Rue du Cimetière (1669)^[6]
• A Flour Mill at 2-4 Rue d'Obersteigen (18th century)^[7]
• A Farmhouse at 19 Rue Principale (1727)^[8]
• A Farmhouse at 22 Rue Principale (18th century)^[9]
• A Farmhouse at 29 Rue Principale (1791)^[10]
• A Farmhouse at 37 Rue Principale (1798)^[11]
• A Farmhouse at 6 Rue Principale (1792)^[12]
• A Cooper's Farmhouse at 7 Rue de Romanswiller (1732)^[13]
• Houses and Farms^[14]

Religious heritage

The commune has several religious buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments:

• A Cemetery (1847).^[15] The current cemetery is common to both Catholics and Protestants. A special collection helped to erect the cross in the middle of the cemetery also dated September 1847. The cemetery contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
  • All movable items in the Cemetery^[16]
  • The Cemetery Cross (1847)^[17]
• The Protestant Church of Saint-Michel (1739).^[18] "Keyser Schulteis 1739" is the text above the entrance which provides information on the date of construction of the present nave. Some stones and other traces of the old tower prove the existence of a very old Romanesque nave followed by a Gothic nave. The Romanesque bell tower has three floors with the ground floor serving as the choir. The eucharistic wall cabinet is dated 1473 and it resembles the wall tabernacle that is in the sacristy of Salenthal from 1465. The church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
  • The Furniture in the Church (Supplementary list)^[19]
  • The Tomb of Katharina Osterman (1840)^[20]
  • The Tomb of Peter Steiner (1818)^[21]
  • The Tomb of Johannes Schweihard Metz (1814)^[22]
  • A Protestant Box of Hosts (1830)^[23]
  • A Protestant Paten (1830)^[24]
  • A Communion Goblet (1830)^[25]
  • A Communion Ewer (18th century)^[26]
  • A Baptismal basin (18th century)^[27]
  • The Organ (1876)^[28]
  • A Monumental Painting (1908)^[29]
  • A Pastoral Chair (19th century)^[30]
  • A Eucharistic Cabinet (1473)^[31]
• The Protestant Presbytery (18th century)^[32]
• The Parish Church of Saint-Michel (1905).^[33] The church is in the Gothic Revival style. The stones are a beautiful Vosges sandstone from a local quarry. The laying of the cornerstone took place on 29 September 1905 and the church was opened on 29 September 1906 - a record construction time which deserves mention. Formerly, Catholics and Protestants used the same church for 219 years. On 28 August 1939 it came close to disaster when lightning struck the steeple. The priest Bernhart was absent and it was Pastor Gerold who gave the alarm. Able-bodied men were mobilized. These improvised firefighters saved the building taking many risks. The church contains Furniture (Supplementary list) which is registered as an historical object.^[34] Since the fire many works have been carried out:
  • Painting, upgrading of the organ, heating, paving, tiling
  • Double glazing, a wooden ceiling, painting, sound system.
  • These works are financed by a charity fair, a theatre, voluntary work, and anonymous benefactors.

Picture Gallery

• 

  Protestant Church

• 

  Entrance to the Cemetery

• 

  Catholic Church

Events and celebrations in Allenwiller

• The first Sunday of October: Messti for the village.

See also

• Communes of the Bas-Rhin department
• Communes of the Bas-Rhin department sorted by arrondissements and cantons
• Communities of Communes of the Bas-Rhin département
• Arrondissements of the Bas-Rhin département
• Cantons of the Bas-Rhin département

Notes

1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 , the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

1. Arrêté préfectoral 8 December 2015 (French)
2. Inhabitants of Bas-Rhin (French)
3. Google Maps
4. List of Mayors of France
5. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084579 Monstrance Altar Bench at CD 817 (French)
6. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007507 Farmhouse at 1 Rue du Cimetière (French)
7. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007513 Flour Mill at 2-4 Rue d'Obersteigen (French)
8. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007509 Farmhouse at 19 Rue Principale (French)
9. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007510 Farmhouse at 22 Rue Principale (French)
10. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007511 Farmhouse at 29 Rue Principale (French)
11. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007512 Farmhouse at 37 Rue Principale (French)
12. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007508 Farmhouse at 6 Rue Principale (French)
13. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007514 Cooper's Farmhouse at 7 Rue de Romanswiller (French)
14. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007502 Houses and Farms (French)
15. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007505 Cemetery (French)
16. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011016 Movable Items in the Cemetery (French)
17. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011015 Cemetery Cross (French)
18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007503 Protestant Church of Saint-Michel (French)
19. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011013 Furniture in the Protestant Church (French)
20. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011012 Tomb of Katharina Osterman (French)
21. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011011 Tomb of Peter Steiner (French)
22. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011010 Tomb of Johannes Schweihard Metz (French)
23. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011009 Protestant Box of Hosts (French)
24. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011008 Protestant Paten (French)
25. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011007 Communion Goblet (French)
26. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011006 Communion Ewer (French)
27. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011005 Baptismal basin (French)
28. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011004 Organ (French)
29. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011003 Monumental Painting (French)
30. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011002 Pastoral Chair (French)
31. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011001 Eucharistic Cabinet (French)
32. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007506 Protestant Presbytery (French)
33. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67007504 Parish Church of Saint-Michel (French)
34. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67011014 Furniture in the Parish Church (French)

External links

• Allenwiller on the annuaire-mairie.fr website (French)
• Allenwiller on the old National Geographic Institute website (French)
• Allenwiller on Lion1906
• Allenwiller on Google Maps
• Allenwiller on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
• Allenweiller on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Allenwiller on the INSEE website (French)
• INSEE (French)