Anastasia (1997 film)

Anastasia

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Don Bluth
Gary Goldman
Produced by Don Bluth
Gary Goldman
Written by Susan Gauthier
Bruce Graham
Bob Tzudiker
Noni White
Eric Tuchman
Starring Meg Ryan
John Cusack
Kelsey Grammer
Hank Azaria
Christopher Lloyd
Angela Lansbury
Music by David Newman
Edited by Bob Bender
Fiona Trayler
Production
company
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release dates
  • November 14, 1997 (1997-11-14) (New York City premiere)
  • November 21, 1997 (1997-11-21) (United States)
Running time
 94 minutes[1]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $50 million
Box office $139.8 million[2]

Anastasia is a 1997 American animated epic musical film produced by Fox Animation Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox, directed by former Disney animation directors Don Bluth and Gary Goldman after Sullivan Bluth Studios' bankruptcy and starring the voices of Meg Ryan, John Cusack, Kelsey Grammer, Hank Azaria, Christopher Lloyd and Angela Lansbury. The film is an adaptation of the legend of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, which claims that she, in fact, escaped the execution of her family. Its basic plot - that of an eighteen-year-old amnesiac orphan named Anya who, in hopes of finding some trace of her family, sides with con men who wish to take advantage of her likeness to the Grand Duchess - is the same as the 1956 film by Fox, written by Guy Bolton and Arthur Laurents, which, in turn, was based on the 1955 play by Marcelle Maurette.

The film premiered on November 14, 1997, in New York City, and was released on November 21, 1997, in the United States, and despite the objections of some historians to its fantastical retelling of the life of the Grand Duchess, enjoyed a positive reception from many critics. From a $50 million budget, the film grossed $139,804,348 worldwide, making Anastasia a box office success. The film also received nominations for several awards, including two Oscars for Best Original Song ("Journey to the Past") and Best Original Musical or Comedy Score. It is the most profitable film from Don Bluth and Fox Animation Studios to date.

The success of Anastasia spawned various adaptations of the film into other media, including a direct-to-video spin-off film, a computer game,[3] books, toys, and a stage adaptation which premiered in 2016.[4][5]

Plot

In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II hosts a ball at the Catherine Palace to celebrate the Romanov tricentennial. His mother, the Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna, is visiting from Paris and gives a music box and a necklace inscribed with the words “Together in Paris” as parting gifts to her youngest granddaughter, eight-year-old Grand Duchess Anastasia. The ball is suddenly interrupted by the sorcerer Grigori Rasputin, the former royal advisor of the Romanovs until he was banished by Nicholas II for treason. Feeling betrayed and seeking revenge, Rasputin sold his soul in exchange for an unholy reliquary, which he uses to place a curse on the Romanov family, sparking the Russian Revolution. Only Marie and Anastasia are able to escape the ensuing siege of the palace, thanks to a young servant boy named Dimitri who shows them a secret passageway in Anastasia's room. Rasputin confronts the two royals outside on a frozen river, only to fall through the ice and drown. The pair manage to reach a moving train, but only Marie climbs aboard while Anastasia falls, hitting her head on the platform and giving her amnesia.

Ten years later, Russia is under communist rule and Marie has publicly offered 10 million rubles for the safe return of her granddaughter. Dimitri and his friend/partner-in-crime Vladimir search for a look-alike to bring to Paris and pass off as Anastasia so they can collect the reward. Elsewhere, Anastasia, now using the name "Anya", leaves the rural orphanage where she grew up, still suffering from amnesia. Accompanied by a stray puppy she names "Pooka", she decides to head to Saint Petersburg, inspired by the passage on the necklace she still has. She is unable to leave Russia due to not having an exit visa, but an old woman advises her to see Dimitri at the abandoned palace where he has made residence. There she encounters Dimitri and Vladimir, who are impressed by her resemblance to the "real" Anastasia and decide to take her with them to Paris.

Bartok, Rasputin's albino bat minion, is nearby and notices his master's dormant reliquary suddenly revived by Anastasia's presence; it drags him to limbo, where Rasputin survives. Enraged to hear that Anastasia escaped the curse, Rasputin sends his demonic minions from the reliquary to kill her; despite two assassination attempts, the trio manage to (unwittingly) foil him, forcing Rasputin and Bartok to travel back to the surface.

Anastasia, Dimitri, and Vladimir eventually reach Paris and go to meet Marie, who has given up the search: having been nearly fooled numerous times by impostors. Despite this, Marie's cousin, Sophie, quizzes Anastasia to confirm her identity. Though Anastasia offers every answer taught to her, Dimitri finally realizes she is the real Anastasia when she (without being taught to) vaguely recollects how he had saved her ten years prior. Sophie, also convinced of Anastasia's identity, arranges a meeting with Marie at the Palais Garnier Opera house. There, Dimitri tries to establish an introduction but Marie refuses, having already heard of Dimitri's initial scheme to con her. Anastasia overhears the conversation and angrily leaves, feeling used. Dimitri then kidnaps Marie and takes her to see Anastasia, showing her the music box he recovered during their escape. Anastasia finally meets Marie and regains her memories as they converse, convincing the empress of her identity. The two are joyfully reunited.

Marie offers Dimitri the reward money, but to her surprise, he refuses it and leaves for Russia. That night at Anastasia's return celebration, Marie informs her of Dimitri's gesture. Pooka suddenly runs off, and Anastasia chases him to the Pont Alexandre III where she is trapped and attacked by Rasputin. Dimitri returns to save her but is injured and knocked unconscious while Bartok abandons Rasputin. In the struggle, Anastasia manages to get hold of Rasputin's reliquary and crushes it under her foot, destroying it. With Rasputin's soul having been tied to the reliquary, he promptly dies and disintegrates.

In the aftermath, Dimitri and Anastasia reconcile; they then elope, and Anastasia sends a farewell letter to Marie and Sophie, promising to return one day. The couple kisses on a riverboat and Bartok shares a kiss with a female bat before bidding the audience farewell.

Cast

J.K. Simmons, Victoria Clark, and Lillias White are among the ensemble and character voices.

Production

Development

In May 1994, The Los Angeles Times reported that Don Bluth and Gary Goldman had signed a long-term deal to produce animated features with 20th Century Fox with the studio channeling more than $100 million in constructing the animation studio.[7] For the location of the new animation studio, Phoenix, Arizona was selected because the state offered the company about $1 million in job training funds and low-interest loans for the state-of-the-art digital animation equipment,[8] with a staff of 300 artists and technicians, including a third of which worked with Bluth and Goldman in Dublin, Ireland for Sullivan Bluth Studios.[9] For their first project, the studio insisted they select one out of a dozen existing properties in which they owned where Bluth and Goldman suggested adapting The King and I and My Fair Lady,[10] though Bluth and Goldman felt it would be impossible to improve on Audrey Hepburn's performance and Lerner and Loewe's score. Following several story suggestions, the idea to adapt Anastasia originated from Fox Filmed Entertainment CEO Bill Mechanic. They would later adapt story elements from Pygmalion with the peasant Anya being molded into a regal woman.[11]

When Bluth and Goldman began researching the actual events, they discovered the history of Anastasia and the Romanov dynasty was too dark for their film, and decided to use the basic facts of the Romanovs' demise and the Russian Revolution as a starting point and ask, "What if this girl escaped, and what would have happened to her?" opting to "'tell a myth or a fairy tale.'"[11][12] Bluth also did not take into consideration depicting Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks as the villains, and instead incorporated Grigori Rasputin, explaining "We wanted to stay out of politics." In reality, Rasputin was already dead when the Romanovs were assassinated. In addition to this, Bluth created the idea for Bartok, the albino bat, as a sidekick for Rasputin. "I just thought the villain had to have a comic sidekick, just to let everyone know that it was all right to laugh. A bat seemed a natural friend for Rasputin. Making him a white bat came later - just to make him different."[13]

Casting

Bluth stated that Meg Ryan was his first and only choice for the title character. However, Ryan was indecisive about accepting the role due to its dark historical events.[14] To persuade her, the animation team took an audio clip of Annie Reed from Sleepless in Seattle and created an animation reel based on it which was screened for her following an invitation to the studio. "I was blown away that they did that," Ryan later confessed, and accepted the role.[15] Before Ryan was cast, Broadway actress and singer Liz Callaway was brought in to record several demos of the songs hoping to land a job in background vocals, but were liked well enough by the songwriters that were ultimately used in the final film.[16] Cusack openly admitted after being cast that he couldn't sing,[17] in which his singing duties were performed by Jonathan Dokuchitz as well as Jim Cummings substituting for Christopher Lloyd.[18]

Music

The film score was composed, co-orchestrated, and conducted by David Newman, whose father, Alfred Newman composed the score of the 1956 film of the same name.[19] The songs, of which "Journey to the Past" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, were written by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty.[20] The film's soundtrack was released in CD and audio cassette format on October 28, 1997.[21]

Release

20th Century Fox scheduled for Anastasia to be released on November 21, 1997, notably a week after the 1997 re-release of Disney's The Little Mermaid. Disney claimed it had long-planned for the seventeen-day re-release to coincide with a consumer products campaign leading into Christmas and the film's home video release in March 1998, as well continue the tradition for re-releasing the film within a seven to eight-year interval. In addition to this, Disney would release several competing family films including Flubber on the following weekend, as well as a double feature of George of the Jungle and Hercules.[22] As a response, Disney refused to advertise for the film on the ABC program The Wonderful World of Disney, and banned its corporate sponsors from airing film clips during their television commercials.[23] Commenting on the fierce competition between the two films, Disney spokesman John Dreyer brushed off allegations of studio rivalry claiming "We always re-release our movies around holiday periods." However, Fox executives refused to believe Dreyer's statement with Bill Mechanic responding that "It's a deliberate attempt to be a bully, to kick sand in our face. They can't be trying to maximize their own business; the amount they're spending on advertising is ridiculous....It's a concentrated effort to keep our film from fulfilling its potential."[24]

Marketing

Anastasia was accompanied with a marketing campaign at more than $50 million with promotional sponsors from Burger King, Dole Food Company, Hershey, Chesebrough-Ponds, Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Shell Oil, and the 1997 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Overall, the marketing costs exceeded that of Independence Day by more than 35 percent.[25] For merchandising, Fox selected Galoob to license dolls based on Anastasia.[24]

Home video release

On April 28, 1998, Anastasia was released on VHS and sold eight million units.[26] On March 14, 2006, the film was reissued on a two-disc "Family Fun Edition" DVD with the film in its original theatrical 2.35:1 widescreen format. The first disc contained the film, an optional audio commentary from directors/writers Don Bluth and Gary Goldman, and bonus features. The second disc contained a making-of documentary, music video and making-of featurette of Aaliyah's "Journey to the Past", and additional bonus content.[27] The film was released on Blu-ray on March 22, 2011.[28]

Reception

Critical response

Anastasia received a generally positive reception from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 85% based on 52 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Beautiful animation, an affable take on Russian history, and strong voice performances make Anastasia a winning first film from Fox animation studios."[29] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half out of four stars, writing, "The result is entertaining and sometimes exciting".[30] Margaret A. McGurk of The Cincinnati Enquirer described Anastasia as "charming" and "entertaining," concluding, "Anastasia serves up a tasty tale about a fairy-tale princess."[31] Lisa Osbourne of Boxoffice called the film "pure family entertainment."[32] Awarding the film three out of five stars, Empire's Philip Thomas wrote, "Historical inaccuracies aside, Anastasia manages to be a charming little movie".[33]

Several critics have drawn positive comparisons between Anastasia and the Disney films released during the Disney Renaissance, noting similarities in their story and animation styles. Marjorie Baumgarten of The Austin Chronicle awarded the film three out of five stars. Likening its quality to that of a Disney animated film, Baumgarten wrote, "Anastasia...may not beat Disney at its own game, but it sure won't be for lack of trying." Baumgarten continued, "[t]his sumptuous-looking film clearly spared no expense in its visual rendering; its optical flourishes and attention to detail aim for the Disney gold standard and, for the most part, come pretty darn close."[34] The Phoenix's Jeffrey Gantz jokingly stated, "[i]f imitation is indeed the sincerest form of flattery, then the folks at Disney should feel royally complimented by Twentieth Century Fox's new animated feature about Tsar Nicholas II's youngest daughter."[35] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Fox's challenge to the Disney empire is a beautifully animated musical". However, Gleiberman continued, "Anastasia has the Disney house style down cold, yet the magic is missing."[36]

Critical reception in Russia was also, for the most part, positive despite the artistic liberties that the film took with Russian history. Gemini Films, the Russian distributor of Anastasia, stressed the fact that the story was "not history", but rather "a fairy tale set against the background of real Russian events" in the film's Russian marketing campaign so that its Russian audience would not view Anastasia "as a historical film".[37] As a result, many Russians praised the film for its art and storytelling and saw it as "not so much a piece of history but another Western import to be consumed and enjoyed".[37]

Some Russian Orthodox Christians, on the other hand, found Anastasia to be an offensive depiction of the Grand Duchess, who was canonized as a new martyr in 1981 by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and a passion bearer in 2000 by the Russian Orthodox Church.[38] Many historians echoed their sentiments, criticizing the film as a "sanitized, sugar-coated reworking of the story of the Czar's youngest daughter."[39] While the filmmakers acknowledged the fact that "Anastasia uses history only as a starting point", others complained that the film would provide its audience with misleading facts about Russian history, which, according to the author and historian Suzanne Massie, "has been falsified for so many years."[12] Similarly, the amateur historian Bob Atchison said that Anastasia was akin to someone making a film in which "Anne Frank moves to Orlando and opens a crocodile farm with a guy named Mort."[12]

Some of Anastasia's contemporary relatives also felt that the film was distasteful, but most Romanovs have come to accept the "repeated exploitation of Anastasia's romantic tale ... with equanimity."[12]

Box office

A limited release of Anastasia at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on the weekend of November 14, 1997 grossed $120,541.[40] The following week, the wide release of Anastasia in the United States made $14,104,933 (for an average of about $5,692 from 2,478 theaters), which placed it as the #2 film for the weekend of November 21–23, 1997. By the end of its theatrical run, Anastasia had grossed $58,406,347 in the North American box office and $81,398,001 internationally.[2] The worldwide gross totaled up to about $139,804,348, making it Don Bluth's highest-grossing film to date, beating out his previous record holder of that title The Land Before Time from 1988 by about $55,343,502.[41] It should also be noted that this was Don Bluth's first financially successful film since All Dogs Go to Heaven.

Adaptations

Anastasia On Ice was a licensed adaptation produced by Feld Entertainment's on ice unit that ran from at least 1998 to 1999.[42][43]

Spin-off

In 1999 a direct-to-video spin-off called Bartok the Magnificent was released which focused on the character of Bartok.

Stage musical

Main article: Anastasia (musical)

On April 21, 2015, Hartford Stage, Hartford, Connecticut announced that they will premiere a new stage production of Anastasia, with the book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, music by Stephen Flaherty and directed by Darko Tresnjak.[44] The production ran from May 13 through June 19, 2016.[45]

It is an original new musical combining both the 1956 Fox film and the 1997 animated film. According to Tresnjak, the musical features six songs from the animated movie and additionally includes 16 new songs. Additionally, there have been some newly rewritten characters including Checkist secret Police officer Gleb Vaganov (in the place of Rasputin), and Lily, who has been renamed in the place of Sophie.[46] McNally said "This is a stage version for a modern theatre audience...The libretto’s 'a blend' of old and new...There are characters in the musical that appear in neither the cartoon nor the Ingrid Bergman version.”[47]

The Hartford production featured Christy Altomare as Anastasia/Anya, Derek Klena as Dimitri, Mary Beth Peil as The Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, Manoel Felciano as Gleb Vaganov, John Bolton as Vladimir, Caroline O'Connor as Lily, and Nicole Scimeca as Young Anastasia.[48] The musical will open on Broadway on April 24, 2017, at the Broadhurst Theatre.[49]

Accolades

Anastasia received the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film[50] and was nominated for 7 others, including two Academy Awards in the categories of "Best Original Musical or Comedy Score" (lost to The Full Monty) and "Best Original Song" for "Journey to the Past" (lost to My Heart Will Go On from Titanic).[51][52] The R&B singer Aaliyah performed her pop single version of "Journey to the Past" at the 70th Academy Awards.[53]

Awards
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients and nominees Result
Academy Awards March 23, 1998 Best Music, Original Song "Journey to the Past"
Music by Stephen Flaherty, Lyrics by Lynn Ahrens		 Nominated
Best Music, Original Musical or Comedy Score Lynn Ahrens, Stephen Flaherty, and David Newman
Annie Awards November 13, 1998 Best Animated Feature Film Anastasia
Twentieth Century Fox, Fox Animation Studios
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Effects Animation Peter Matheson
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production Don Bluth and Gary Goldman
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production Lynn Ahrens, Stephen Flaherty, and David Newman
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Producing in an Animated Feature Production Don Bluth and Gary Goldman
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production Angela Lansbury
For playing "Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna".
Meg Ryan
For playing "Anastasia".
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Feature Production Hank Azaria
For playing "Bartok".		 Won
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production Animation Adaptation: Eric Tuchman
Screenplay: Susan Gauthier, Bruce Graham, Noni White, and Bob Tzudiker		 Nominated
Blockbuster Entertainment Awards March 10, 1998 Favorite Animated Family Movie Won
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards January 20, 1998 Best Family Film
Golden Globe Awards January 18, 1998 Best Music, Original Song "Journey to the Past"
Music by Stephen Flaherty, Lyrics by Lynn Ahrens		 Nominated
"Once Upon a December"
Music by Stephen Flaherty, Lyrics by Lynn Ahrens
Kansas City Film Critics Circle December 19, 1997 Best Animated Film Don Bluth and Gary Goldman Won

See also

References

  1. ↑ "ANASTASIA (U)". British Board of Film Classification. 1997-12-05. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
  2. 1 2 "Anastasia (1997) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  3. ↑ "IGN: Anastasia: Adventures with Pooka and Bartok". IGN. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  4. ↑ Chatter, Rialto (July 28, 2012). "Exclusive: Crawford, Barrett, Halston, Page Join Tveit, Lansbury, Lazar in ANASTASIA Reading!". Broadway World. Wisdom Digital Media. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
  5. ↑ "ANASTASIA Musical to Make World Premiere at Hartford Stage Next Summer; Darko Tresnjak to Direct!". Broadway World. Wisdom Digital Media. April 23, 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-24.
  6. ↑ Hill, Jim (19 September 2011). "Has Disney Been 'Lion' About Jeremy Irons' Singing Voice?". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  7. ↑ "Company Town Annex". Los Angeles Times. May 4, 1994. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Animated film a first for state". The Associated Press. Tucson Citizen. August 18, 1995. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Fox produces animated feature - with a difference". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. April 22, 1997. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  10. ↑ Verniere, James (November 16, 1997). "High toon in Hollywood - Disney has long dominated animation, but with 'Anastasia,' Fox cuts in." (Fee required). The Boston Herald. Retrieved November 4, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  11. 1 2 Kuklenski, Valerie (November 18, 1997). "Battle Royal for Animation Crew; `Anastasia' Putting Fox In The Game". Los Angeles Daily News. TheFreeLibrary.com. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Goldberg, Carey (November 9, 1997). "After the Revolution, Comes 'Anastasia' the Cartoon". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  13. ↑ Vincent, Mal (November 22, 1997). ""Anastasia" Touching Off War New 20th Century Fox Film Threatens Disney's Hold on Animation Market". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved November 4, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  14. ↑ Pearlman, Cindy (November 16, 1997). "Like her characters, Meg Ryan is sweet, tart" (Fee required). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved November 4, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  15. ↑ Stark, Susan (November 21, 1997). "How Meg Ryan Learned To Sigh Like `Anastasia'". The Detroit News. The Seattle News. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  16. ↑ Kim, Jae-Ha (December 28, 1997). "Voice in toon // Animation not new to Callaway" (Fee required). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  17. ↑ Lovell, Glenn (February 9, 2001). "John Cusack won't be an Oscar nominee again but he should be" (Fee required). Knight Ridder. Retrieved November 8, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  18. ↑ Ai, Tan Lang (November 3, 1997). "Mystique of `Anastasia'" (Fee required). New Straits Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  19. ↑ "Newman". MTV. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  20. ↑ "The Making of Anastasia: The Music of Anastasia". 20th Century Fox. Archived from the original on 1998-01-11. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  21. ↑ "Anastasia (Atlantic) - Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  22. ↑ Eller, Claudia (October 10, 1997). "Draw and Fire : Disney Flexes Financial Muscle to Protect Its Animation Turf". Los Angeles Times. p. 2. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  23. ↑ EW Staff (November 7, 1997). "World War 'Toon". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  24. 1 2 Farhi, Paul; Salerno, Heather (November 21, 1997). "Animation's New Battle Lines; With `Anastasia' Marketing Blitz, 20th Century Tries to Out-Fox Disney". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 4, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  25. ↑ Petrikin, Chris (August 26, 1997). "Fox's toon high noon". Variety. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  26. ↑ King, Susan (November 18, 1999). "Sidekick Bat Spreads His Wings in 'Bartok'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  27. ↑ Simon, Ben (June 26, 2006). "Anastasia: Family Fun Edition". Animated Views. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  28. ↑ http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Anastasia-Blu-ray/20074/
  29. ↑ "Anastasia (1997)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster, Inc. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  30. ↑ Ebert, Roger (November 21, 1997). "Anastasia". Roger Ebert. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  31. ↑ McGurk, Margaret. "Dancing around history". The Cincinnati Enquirer. news.cincinnati.com. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  32. ↑ Osborne, Lisa (November 14, 1997). "Anastasia". Boxoffice. Boxoffice Media, LLC. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  33. ↑ Thomas, Philip. "Anastasia". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  34. ↑ Baumgarten, Marjorie (November 21, 1997). "Anastasia". The Austin Chronicle. Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  35. ↑ Gantz, Jeffrey (November 20, 1997). "Anastasia". The Phoenix. The Phoenix. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  36. ↑ Gleiberman, Owen (Oct 27, 1997). "Anastasia (1997)". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  37. 1 2 Saffron, Ingra (March 19, 1998). "A Cartoon 'Anastasia' Charms a New Russia / Bolsheviks Get Written Out.". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A01.
  38. ↑ Mattingly, Terry (November 29, 1997). "Upset about Anastasia's movie portrayal". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
  39. ↑ Holden, Stephen (November 14, 1997). "FILM REVIEW; A Feeling We're Not in Russia Anymore". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  40. ↑ Welkos, Robert W. (1997-11-18). "Moviegoers Track 'The Jackal'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
  41. ↑ "Don Bluth Movie Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  42. ↑ Hirsch, Deborah (March 12, 1999). "Anastasia: Legend, Fantasy On Ice". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  43. ↑ Jones, Chris (September 25, 1998). "`Anastasia' Impressive Bit Of Family Fare". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  44. ↑ "Hartford Stage Announces Tony Award-winner Darko Tresnjak Will Direct World Premiere of Anastasia" Hartford Stage
  45. ↑ Hetrick, Adam. "Broadway-Bound Anastasia Begins Previews After Delay", Playbill, May 13, 2016
  46. ↑ Viagas, Robert and Hetrick, Adam. "Cast Announced for Ahrens and Flaherty's Stage 'Anastasia'" Playbill, March 9, 2016
  47. ↑ Rothstein, Mervyn. "What to Expect From Terrence McNally’s New 'Anastasia'" playbill.com, April 12, 2016
  48. ↑ "'Christy Altomare and derek Klena Will Lead Hartford Stages World Premiere of 'Anastasia'" broadwayworld.com, March 9, 2016
  49. ↑ " 'Anastasia 'musical arriving on Broadway in 2017" Ew.com, June 28, 2016
  50. ↑ " "The BFCA Critics' Choice Awards :: 1997". Broadcast Film Critics Association. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  51. ↑ "Anastasia - Cast, Crew, Director and Awards". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  52. ↑ "Anastasia (1997) - Plot, Details & Awards". Moviefone. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  53. ↑ "Remembering Aaliyah". BET.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.

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