Anselmo Suárez y Romero

Anselmo Suárez y Romero
Born 1818
Died 1882
Nationality Cuba
Literary movement Romanticism
Notable works Francisco: el ingenio o las delicias del campo.

Anselmo Suárez y Romero (1818–1878) was a renowned Cuban writer and novelist, better known for the first novel about slavery in the Americas: Francisco.

Life

Suárez y Romero was educated in his native city, where he devoted himself to teaching and contributing to public education.[1]

Literary career

Anselmo Suárez y Romero's masterpiece: Francisco, also known as El ingenio o las delicias del campo (English: The sugar mill or the delights of the country),[2] written between 1838 and 1839, is considered the first anti-slavery novel in the Americas. The other work which encompassed slavery, was the short story Petrona y Rosalía written in 1838 by Félix Tanco y Bosmeniel (1797–1871), unpublished until 1925, which also touched upon slaves' lives in the 19th century.[5]

Based largely on accounts from "Autobiografía de un esclavo", the autobiography written by Juan Francisco Manzano years before, and which was published later in England,[7] the novel Francisco set out the way for other literary works to follow: Cecilia Valdés by Cirilo Villaverde began in 1839, Sab by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda in 1841, El Ranchador by Pedro José Morillas in 1856, Antonio Zambrana's El negro Francisco in 1873, and Alejo Carpentier's ¡Ecué-Yambá! in 1933.[8][9][10]

Written years before Uncle Tom's Cabin, Francisco could not be published immediately due to colonial censorship. The manuscript was delivered to British official and abolitionist Richard Robert Madden in 1840, along with a revised copy of the work Autobiografía de un esclavo (English: Autobiography of a slave) by Juan Francisco Manzano, which had been proofread by Suárez y Romero himself.[3][6][11]

About the importance of Francisco as a literary masterpiece, British abolitionist Madden was quoted as saying that:

Tho there is literary merit of but small amount in this piece, there is life and truth in every line of it. [...] In this little piece of the Ingenio there is a minuteness of description and closeness of observation and a rightness of feeling that I have not often seen surpassed.[12]

Madden himself thought that the narrative employed by Suárez y Romero in Francisco had a palpable realm of invisible realism in it. No other book, in his opinion, was as descriptive, or as graphically drafted, as in Francisco 's prose, in which slavery was depicted with the same intellectual rigor as in real life in Cuba. Madden found certain parts of the book originally narrated, in a prose style by which Suárez y Romero was known for, especially when the central figure in the book, still shackled after being injured by lashes, had to endure the humid heat in a mistreated and painful state, while harvesting sugar cane.[12]

Most of the early readers of Francisco agreed with Madden in that the book had a realistic and accurate representation not before seen.[12]

Others, like the critic Enrique Piñeyro, thought that the book was unoriginal. His opinion would appear in the periodical El Ateneo in Havana, and later in Revista Cubana.[12]

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Fay, John William; Herbert M Linen (1915). The Cyclopædia of American biography, Volume 5. Press Association Compilers. Retrieved December 2011. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 Suárez y Romero, Anselmo (1880). Francisco. N. Ponce de León. p. 156.
  3. 1 2 Rosenthal, Debra J (2004). Race mixture in nineteenth-century U.S. and Spanish American fictions. location: University of North Caroline Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8078-5564-5.
  4. ↑ Branche, Jerome (2006). Colonialism and race in Luso-Hispanic literature. https://books.google.com/books?id=rw_hrGinf8QC: University of Missouri Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8262-1613-7.
  5. 1 2 Gonzalez Echevarría, Roberto (1996). The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature: The twentieth century. https://books.google.com/books?id=Whqnbvivog4C: Cambridge University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-521-34070-0.
  6. 1 2 Burton, Gera (2004). Ambivalence and the postcolonial subject: the strategic alliance of Juan Francisco Manzano and Richard Madden. Peter Lang. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8204-7058-0. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  7. ↑ Cluster, Dick; Hernández, Rafael (2008). The History of Havana. MacMillan
  8. ↑ Bammer, Angelika. (1994). Displacements: cultural identities in question, volume 15 of Theories of contemporary culture. Indiana University Press.
  9. ↑ Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis (1993). Nina M. Scott, ed. Sab; and, Autobiography. University of Texas Press. p. xx.
  10. ↑ Suárez y Romero, Anselmo (2009). Fernando Díaz Ruiz, ed. Francisco, el ingenio o Las delicias del campo. Editorial Doble J, S. L. ISBN 84-96875-02-4.
  11. ↑ Kanellos, Nicolás; Fabregat, Claudio Esteva (1994). Handbook of Hispanic cultures in the United States, Volume 3. Arte Público Press.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Lorna V. Williams. The representation of slavery in Cuban fiction. (1994).
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