António José de Almeida

António José de Almeida
President Almeida, 1919.
6th President of Portugal
In office 5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923
Prime Minister	See list Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Francisco Fernandes Costa Domingos Pereira António Maria Baptista José Ramos Preto António Maria da Silva António Granjo Álvaro de Castro Liberato Pinto Bernardino Machado Tomé de Barros Queirós António Granjo Manuel Maria Coelho Carlos Maia Pinto Francisco Cunha Leal António Maria da Silva
Preceded by	João do Canto e Castro
Succeeded by	Manuel Teixeira Gomes
64th Prime Minister of Portugal
In office 16 March 1916 – 4 September 1916
President	Bernardino Machado
Preceded by	Afonso Costa
Succeeded by	Afonso Costa (acting)
In office 5 October 1916 – 25 April 1917
President	Bernardino Machado
Preceded by	Afonso Costa (acting)
Succeeded by	Afonso Costa
Ministerial positions Minister of Finance In office 12 June 1916 – 4 September 1916 Preceded by Afonso Costa Succeeded by Afonso Costa In office 31 March 1917 – 25 April 1917 Preceded by Afonso Costa Succeeded by Afonso Costa Minister of the Colonies In office 15 March 1916 – 4 September 1916 Preceded by Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar Succeeded by Afonso Costa In office 5 October 1916 – 25 April 1917 Preceded by Afonso Costa Succeeded by Ernesto de Vilhena Minister of the Interior In office 4 July 1916 – 17 July 1916 Preceded by Mousinho de Albuquerque Succeeded by Mousinho de Albuquerque In office 5 October 1910 – 3 September 1911 Prime Minister Provisional Government Preceded by António Teixeira de Sousa Succeeded by João Chagas Minister of Education In office 28 June 1916 – 12 July 1916 Preceded by Joaquim Pedro Martins Succeeded by Joaquim Pedro Martins
Personal details
Born	27 July 1866 Vale da Vinha, Portugal
Died	31 October 1929 (aged 63) Lisbon, Portugal
Political party	Portuguese Republican Evolutionist Republican Liberal
Spouse(s)	Maria Joana Queiroga
Children	Maria Teresa
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Physician
Signature

António José de Almeida, GCTE,^[1] GCA, GCC, GCSE, (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ʒuˈzɛ dɨ aɫˈmɐjdɐ]; 27 July 1866 in Penacova, São Pedro de Alva – 31 October 1929 in Lisbon), son of José António de Almeida and his wife Maria Rita das Neves, was a Portuguese political figure. He served as the sixth President of Portugal from 1919 until 1923.

Early career

He studied medicine at the University of Coimbra becoming a medical doctor and during his term as Minister for the Interior, he was the founder of both the University of Lisbon and the University of Porto in 1911. He was one of the most eloquent republican tribunes, and, after the Republic proclamation, as interior minister^[2] he led the moderate wing of the Portuguese Republican Party, that opposed Afonso Costa. The moderates elected Manuel de Arriaga for first elected President, on 24 August 1911, defeating Afonso Costa's candidate, Bernardino Machado.

Official portrait of President António José de Almeida by Henrique Medina.

António José de Almeida founded his own party, the Evolutionist Party, that was in the opposition. On 12 June 1916 he became the 6th Minister for Finance and also the 96th Prime Minister of Portugal. Later, both the Evolutionist Party and the Republican Union, Manuel de Brito Camacho's party, joined to form the new Republican Liberal Party, in 1919, that went on to win the legislative elections.

Presidency

On 6 August 1919, António José de Almeida was elected the 6th President of the Republic, and was the only President of the First Republic, that completed the full four years mandate. He faced the greatest political instability of the regime and almost resigned. He was also remembered for his voyage to Brazil, in 1922, during the centennial of that country's independence from Portugal, where he was noted as a brilliant speaker.

Personal life

He married on 14 December 1910 to Maria Joana de Morais Perdigão Queiroga, daughter with her younger sisters Antónia and Catarina of Joaquim José Perdigão Queiroga (b. Évora) and first wife Maria Cândida de Morais and half-sister of Perdigão Queiroga. On 27 December 1911 they had an only daughter Maria Teresa Queiroga de Almeida, married to medical doctor Júlio Gomes da Cunha de Abreu.

Notes and references

1. 337th Grand Cross
2. "With the proclamation of the Republic and the installment of the first provisional government, which was led by Teófilo Braga with António José de Almeida as Interior Minister and Afonso Costa as Minister of Justice, all of whom were freemasons" A Shortened History of Freemasonry in Portugal, Petrestones Review