Antoine-Louis Barye

Antoine-Louis Barye

Portrait by Léon Bonnat
Born 24 September 1796 (1796-09-24)
Paris, France
Died 25 June 1875 (1875-06-26)
Education École des Beaux Arts
Occupation Sculptor
Parent(s) Pierre and Marguerite Barye

Antoine-Louis Barye (24 September 1796 – 25 June 1875) was a French sculptor most famous for his work as an animalier, a sculptor of animals.

Biography

Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the Romantic Period. He first worked under his father, Pierre, but around 1810 worked under the sculptor Guillaume-Mertin Biennais, who was a goldsmith to Napoleon. After studying under sculptor Francois-Joseph Bosio in 1816 and painter Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, he was (in 1818) admitted to the École des Beaux-Arts. But it was not until 1823, while working for Fauconnier, the goldsmith, that he discovered his true predilection from watching the animals in the Jardin des Plantes, making vigorous studies of them in pencil drawings comparable to those of Delacroix, then modelling them in sculpture on a large or small scale.[1]

In 1819, while he was studying at the École des Beaux-Arts, Barye sculpted a medallion named Milo of Crotana Devoured by a Lion, in which the lion bites into Milo's left thigh. Milo's theme was the school's official theme for the medallion competition of 1819, where Bayre earned an honorable mention. Around 1820 Bayre sculpted Hercules with the Erymanthean Boar, depicting Hercules during his fourth Labor, where he had to capture, live, a wild boar from Mount Erymanthos.[1]

Hercules sitting on a bull, 1830s (National Museum, Warsaw)

Barye sculpted the portrait medallion Young Man in a Beret (1823) in bronze, as well as Portrait of the Founder Richard in 1827, in which only a head and neck are shown. He also sculpted Poised Stag in 1829, a much larger sculpture, which had a height of 48 cm, and was one-third of life size. [1]

Barye didn't only want to be known as a sculptor of small bronzes, he wanted to be known as a sculpteur statuaire (a sculptor of large statues). In 1831 he exhibited much larger statues, Tiger Devouring a Gavial Crocodile which was a plaster sculpture 41 cm high and 103 cm long, and Lion Crushing a Serpent, 138 cm high and 178 cm long, made in bronze. In 1832 had mastered a style of his own in the Lion and Snake.[1]

Theseus and the Minotaur, 1843 (Baltimore Museum of Art)
Turkish Horse, No. 2, modeled ca. 1844 (Walters Art Museum)
Tomb and bust of Antoine-Louis Barye at the Père Lachaise Cemetery

Thenceforward Barye, though engaged in a perpetual struggle with want, exhibited year after year studies of animals—admirable groups which reveal him as inspired by a spirit of true romance, as in his Roger and Angelica on the Hippogriff (1840), drawn from an episode in Orlando furioso, and a feeling for the beauty of the antique, as in Theseus and the Minotaur (1847), "Lapitha and Centaur" (1848), and numerous minor works now very highly valued.[1]

Barye was no less successful in sculpture on a small scale, and excelled in representing animals in their most familiar attitudes. Examples of his larger work include the Lion of the Column of July, of which the plaster model was cast in 1839, various lions and tigers in the gardens of the Tuileries, and the four groups--War, Peace, Strength, and Order (1854).[1]

In 1852, he cast his bronze Jaguar Devouring a Hare. Fame came late in the sculptor's life. He was made Professor of Drawings at the Museum of Natural History in 1854, and was elected to the Académie des beaux-arts in 1868. No new works were produced by Barye after 1869.[1]

While Barye excelled at sculpture he often faced financial burdens due to his lack of business knowledge. In 1848 he was forced to declare bankruptcy and all of his work and molds were sold to a foundry. The foundry began making inferior work from 1848-1857 and his reputation suffered during this time.[2] In 1876 what remained of Barye's inventory, 125 models, were sold to the Ferdinand Barbedienne foundry.[3] The 1877 Barbedienne catalogue offered all of the models in bronze in variable sizes, and the Barbedienne castings were of superb quality.

The mass of admirable work left by Barye entitles him to be regarded as one of the great animal life artists of the French animalier school, and the refiner of a class of art which has attracted such men as Emmanuel Frémiet, Paul-Édouard Delabrièrre, Auguste Cain, and Georges Gardet.[1]

There is a public square on the eastern tip of Île Saint-Louis in Paris that is dedicated to him.

Family

Barye had a son, Alfred Barye, who studied under him and also became an animalier sculptor. Alfred, although very competent in his own right as a sculptor, would struggle to gain notoriety working in the shadow of his more famous father. Antoine-Louis was not pleased when his son began signing work as "A. Barye" because he thought this created confusion between his work and that of his son. He forced his son to sign as "A. Barye, fils" or "Alf Barye" in order to distinguish their works.[3] The senior Barye signed only one way throughout his entire career, simply marking his bronzes "Barye".

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Frantz 1911.
  2. ↑ Mackay, James, The Animaliers, E.P. Dutton, Inc., New York, 1973
  3. 1 2 Kjellberg, Pierre (1994). Bronzes of the 19th Century (1st ed.). Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. p. 53. ISBN 0-88740-629-7.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Frantz, Henri (1911). "Barye, Antoine Louis". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.  which in turn cites

Sources

External links

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