Arabeske (Schumann)

Robert Schumann wrote his Arabeske in C major, Op. 18 in 1839 when he was 29 years old, dedicating it to Frau Majorin Friederike Serre auf Maxen, to whom he also dedicated his Blumenstück in D-flat, Op. 19. In the autumn of 1838 Schumann had left Leipzig for Vienna. His relationship with Clara Wieck had reached a point of no return, as her father vehemently opposed anything that might interfere with his daughter's career as a pianist and strongly disapproved of Schumann as a possible son-in-law. Geographically yet not emotionally detached from Clara, he was able to communicate with her only through letters and in his own music. This has been proposed as an explanation for this work, which alternates passages of wistful longing with more robust, declamatory episodes.

Background

In Vienna, Schumann found himself beset by depression and professional disappointment. Nevertheless, he managed to create a few compositions of remarkable grace and beguiling charm, writing (as he put it) in a "lighter more feminine style". In his letter of 15 August 1839 to Ernst Becker, Schumann characterized both the Arabeske and Blumenstück as "delicate -- for ladies".^[1] He was influenced by Christian Schuburt's book on musical aesthetics, in which C major, the key of the Arabeske, was identified with the childish and simple, relegating more intense emotions to the sharped keys. Schumann wrote in the year of the creation of the Arabeske, "Never refer me again as Jean Paul II or Beethoven II […] I am willing to be ten times less than these others, and only something to myself."^[2]

Description

The term Arabeske is used here as a poetic metaphor, not only to describe florid decoration, but also, in Schlegel's terms, to suggest a fluid, organic system of fragments that transcends artificial Classical forms.^[3] Schumann employs modified rondo form to encompass a short ABACA rondo form, with the gently lyrical main section A, two more intense episodes B (Florestan) and C, and a beautifully pensive Epilog (Eusebius). The piece moves lithely between contrasting moods, and seems to conclude with a gentle recapitulation of the opening material. The poignant postlude that follows comes as an exquisite surprise. Schumann's original metronome markings for this work appear to have been too fast. Clara Schumann later revised them as Leicht und zart (crotchet =126), Minore I (crotchet =112), and Minore II (crotchet =120).^[4]

Notes

References

Daverio, John (1997), Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age", Oxford University Press
Jensen, Eric F. (2001), Schumann, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Reiman, Erika (2004), Schumann's piano cycles and the novels of Jean Paul, University of Rochester Press
Schlotel (1972), "Schumann and the Metronome", in Walker, Alan, Robert Schumann: The Man and his Music, London: Barrie and Jenkins

External links

Arabeske: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Performance by Jonathan Biss from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format

Solo piano music by Robert Schumann

Single-movement works	Variations on the name "Abegg" in F, Op. 1 Arabeske in C, Op. 18 Blumenstück in D♭, Op. 19 Humoreske in B♭, Op. 20 Geistervariationen in E♭, WoO 24

Suites and collections	Papillons, Op. 2 Davidsbündlertänze, Op. 6 Carnaval, Op. 9 Fantasiestücke, Op. 12 Symphonic Studies, Op. 13 Kinderszenen, Op. 15 Kreisleriana, Op. 16 Novelletten, Op. 21 Nachtstücke, Op. 23 Faschingsschwank aus Wien, Op. 26 Album for the Young, Op. 68 Waldszenen, Op. 82 Gesänge der Frühe, Op. 133

Piano sonatas and fantasies	Fantasie in C, Op. 17 Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 22

List of solo piano compositions by Robert Schumann List of compositions by Robert Schumann

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