Ariadne auf Naxos (Benda)

For the opera by Richard Strauss, see Ariadne auf Naxos.

Ariadne auf Naxos (Ariadne on Naxos) is a duodrama in one act by Czech composer Jiří Antonín Benda (also Georg Benda) with a German libretto by Johann Christian Brandes. It was commissioned by Abel Seyler, whose theatrical company arrived in Gotha in 1774.[1] The opera's first performance was at the Schloss Friedenstein, Gotha, on 27 January 1775.[2]

Historical background and musical analysis

Ariadne auf Naxos belonged to the genre known as German melodrama,[3] an attempt is to merge spoken dialogue with music, making it the only form of opera with no singing. Brandes wrote the text of Ariadne auf Naxos for his wife Charlotte, a famous singer and actress of the day. She played the part of Ariadne in the premiere. The basis for Brandes' libretto was a cantata by Heinrich Wilhelm von Gerstenberg. However, Tim Ashley in his review of a 2005 performance of the work, suggests that Brandes may have been influenced by Virgil's Aeneid, "Theseus is a man of destiny and conscience; Ariadne has no Bacchus to redeem her and instead commits suicide after seeing Theseus sail away".[4]

Mozart attended a production of Ariadne auf Naxos and became a great admirer of Benda's compositions. In 1778 he wrote to his father expressing the desire to compose a duodrama entitled Semiramide on the model of Benda's Ariadne auf Naxos and Medea. He believed at the time that melodrama was the way to solve the problems of operatic recitative. However, Mozart never got around to creating a duodrama. He did create a miniature melodrama within his unfinished operetta, Zaide, written in 1780.[5] Other composers who admired and were influenced by Benda's melodramas include Carl Maria von Weber and Ludwig van Beethoven.[4]

Performance history

Bacchus and Ariadne by Titian: Dionysus discovers Ariadne on the shore of Naxos. The painting also depicts the constellation named after Ariadne

Although not performed often, Benda's Ariadne has remained in the performance repertoire since it first premiered and a number of recordings of the work have been made. Most recently, the work was performed in August 2005 at the Edinburgh International Festival in a double bill with Mozart's Zaide. The cast included Dagmar Manzel as Ariadne and Rainer Trost as Theseus. Charles Mackerras conducted the English National Opera orchestra.[4]

Roles

Role Voice type Premiere Cast,
27 January 1775
(Conductor: – )
Ariadne speaking role Esther Charlotte Brandes
Theseus speaking role

Synopsis

Ariadne is sleeping on the shore of the island of Naxos, as Theseus, her lover, looks down on her resting form. Theseus feels there is a destiny placed upon him and feels that he can not stay tied to Ariadne and fulfill that destiny. He slips away from Ariadne on his ship, leaving her stranded alone on Naxos. Ariadne awakes to find herself deserted by the faithless Theseus. Ariadne despairs and commits suicide.

Discography

References

  1. ↑ http://solo.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.553345&catNum=553345&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English[]
  2. ↑ Ariadne auf Naxos (Ariadne on Naxos) (Giri Antonio Benda)
  3. ↑ "Ariadne auf Naxos, melodrama". Classical Work Reviews. All Media Guide, 2009. Accessed 2 October 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 Ashley, Tim,"Ariadne auf Naxos/Zaide". The Guardian, 25 August 2005
  5. ↑ Jahn, Otto, Life of Mozart, Novello, 1982, pp. 27 and 123-125
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