Atomic Energy Project

Atomic Energy Project was started at the University of Rochester as a graduate teaching program. Also known as the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project or URAEP.

Atomic Energy Project genesis

The Atomic Energy Project was the continuation of the Manhattan Project after the end of World War II. The idea was to continue the work of training the people necessary for the peaceful use of atomic energy and nuclear materials.

Key personnel

• Stafford L. Warren directed the Department of Radiology at Rochester and the Atomic Energy Project had three divisions.
• William Freer Bale headed the Radiology and Biophysics division that worked largely on radioactive materials — for example, Radium, Radon, Plutonium, and Polonium.
• James Newell Stannard was responsible for 2 sections, the Radiation Toxicology section and the Radioautography section.
• Harold Hodge headed the Pharmacology and Toxicology division that focused on Uranium including inhalation studies.
• Joe Wiseman Howland, M.D., Ph.D. headed the Medical Services division.
• Herbert Mermagen worked in the Medical Physics section as a radiological physicist, known today as a health physicist.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

At Rochester, Bale worked with George Hoyt Whipple.^[6] The discoveries of artificial radioactivity by Joliot-Curie and Fermi and the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest O. Lawrence with its capability of producing useful amounts of radioactive iron (⁵⁹Fe) permitted Whipple, Paul F. Hahn, and Bale in 1937 to begin an examination of the nature of iron absorption and utilization.^[7]

Radiation Dose Reconstruction

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started the Radiation Dose Reconstruction NIOSH program area for the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project.^[8]

Employees of the U.S. Department of Energy, earlier agencies, and contractors and subcontractors that worked at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from 1 September 1943 - 30 October 1971, for at least 250 work days were included in the study.^[8] Additional employees included Laboratory Technicians that worked in the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project laboratory building from 1 September 1943 to 19 June 1945.^[8][9]

References

1. Blair, Henry A., (27 April 1950) Quarterly Technical Report, 1 January 1950 thru 31 March 1950, Health and Biology UR-116, The University of Rochester, Atomic Energy Project, pp. 111.
2. Rochester Alumni-Alumnae Review, June–July 1946, School of Medicine Wins Citation from Army; Manhattan Project Contract Renewed July 1. William F. Bale in photo. Vol. XXIII, No. 9, p. 15.
3. Schmeck, Harry. Rochester Alumni-Alumnae Review, (March 1957). Medical Project Helps Prepare U.S. for Atomic Age; Manhattan Project Contract Renewed July 1. William F. Bale in photo. Vol. XVIII, No. 4, p. 13.
4. University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project. (1950). University of Rochester.
5. Interview of Dr. William F. Bale of the University of Rochester in his laboratory by Dr. Marks and Mr. Miazga at 11: 00 AM on 30 April 1974. https://www.osti.gov/opennet/servlets/purl/16124950/16124950.pdf
6. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/whipple-george.pdf
7. Whipple, G. H., P. F. Hahn, W. F. Bale, and E. O. Lawrence. (1939). Radioactive iron and its metabolism in anemia. Its absorption, transportation, and utilization. J. Exp. Med. 69:739-753.
8. "NIOSH Program Area:Radiation Dose Reconstruction". Center for Disease Control. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
9. http://www.dol.gov/owcp/energy/regs/compliance/PolicyandProcedures/finalbulletinshtml/EEOICPABulletin10-20.htm