Austin Area School District

Austin Area School District
Address
138 Costello Avenue
Austin, Pennsylvania, Potter County 16720-9601
United States
Information
Type Public
School board 9 elected members
Superintendent Jerome Sasala, Acting Superintendent 2012-2016
Administrator Mrs Peggy Derr, Business Manager[1]
Principal Mrs Kimberly Rees, ES
Staff 17
Faculty 21.5 teachers[2]
Grades Preschool-12th
Age 4 years old preschool to 21 years old special education
Pupils

209 pupils (2015)[3]
214 pupils[4]
198 pupils (2012)[5]

249 pupils (2005)[6]
 • Kindergarten 18 (2012),[7] 19 (2010)
 • Grade 1 16 (2012), 13
 • Grade 2 13 (2012), 10
 • Grade 3 13 (2012), 12
 • Grade 4 13 (2012), 10
 • Grade 5 13 (2012), 10
 • Grade 6 11 (2012), 13
 • Grade 7 8 (2012), 11
 • Grade 8 16 (2012), 23
 • Grade 9 12 (2012), 23
 • Grade 10 23 (2012), 17
 • Grade 11 21 (2012), 17
 • Grade 12 15 (2012), 19 (2010)
 • Other Projected to be 207 pupils in 2020 [8]
Color(s) Red, Black
Mascot Panthers
Budget

$4.21 million budget 2012-13 [9]

$3.7 million (2010-11)[10]
Per pupil spending $15,883 (2008)
Per pupil spending $20,119.88 (2010)
Website http://www.austinsd.net/

The Austin Area School District is a rural, public school district. It serves the Austin Boro as well as Keating, Portage, Sylvania and Wharton townships in Potter County, Pennsylvania. Austin Area School District encompasses approximately 228 square miles (590 km2). According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 1,214 people. By 2010, the District served a resident population of 1,279 people. The educational attainment levels for the Austin Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 92% high school graduates and 7.5% college graduates.[11] The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 42% of the District’s pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012.[12] In 2009, the District residents’ per capita income was $14,405, while the median family income was $36,250.[13] In Potter County, the median household income was $39,196.[14] In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501[15] and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.[16]

According to District officials, in school year 2009-10, the Austin Area School District provided basic educational services to 225 pupils. It employed: 24 teachers, 11 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 2 administrators. Austin Area School District received more than $1.8 million in state funding in school year 2009-10. The District is part of the Seneca Highlands Intermediate Unit 9 which provides services for special education students, curriculum development and teacher training.

Austin Area School District operates Austin High School (7th–12th) and Austin Elementary School (preschool-6th). The school district campus is located in one building. High school students may attend Seneca Highlands Career and Technical Center for training in construction trades.

According to its 2009 Academic Achievement report card 13 teachers were not Highly Qualified as is required by the NCLB law and Pennsylvania School Code. In Pennsylvania, a Highly Qualified teacher is one who: (1) holds full certification, (2) has at least a bachelor's degree, (3) has completed a content area major, (4) has passed a content area test, and (5) has completed teacher education coursework.[17] In 2012, the Pennsylvania Auditor General Office completed an audit of the District which found serious certification deficiencies by professionals, coupled with other serious issues. The certification issues were reported to the Pennsylvania Department of Education.[18] In 2012, the District reported that it continued to employ the teachers who were rated "Non-Highly" Qualified.

Governance

Austin Area School District is governed by a 9-member school board that is elected to serve four-year terms, the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[19] The federal government controls programs it funds like Title I funding for low-income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and President George W. Bush's No Child Left Behind Act, (renamed Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in December 2015) which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills.[20] The school board is required by state law to post a financial report on the district in its website by March of each school year.[21] The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board. The School Board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. These contracts must be in writing and are subject to public discloure under the state’s Right to Know Act. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the Superintendent regarding renewal of the employment contract.[22] Pursuant to Act 141 of 2012 which amended the Pennsylvania School Code, all school districts that have hired superintendents on/after the fall of 2012 are required to develop objective performance standards and post them on the district’s website.[23] In 2015, is non compliant with no Superintendent goals posted in the website.[24]

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration an "F" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.[25]

Academic achievement

In 2013 and 2014, Austin Area School District was not ranked by the Pittsburgh Business Times due to very low enrollment. The ranking is based on the last 3 years of student academic achievement as demonstrated by PSSAs results in: reading, writing, math and science and the three Keystone Exams (literature, Algebra 1, Biology I) in high school.[26] Three school districts were excluded because they do not operate high schools (Saint Clair Area School District, Midland Borough School District, Duquesne City School District). The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th. Adapted PSSA examinations are given to children in the special education programs. Writing exams were given to children in 5th and 8th grades.

District AYP status history

In 2012, Austin Area School District achieved AYP status.[30] In 2011, Austin Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of Pennsylvania public school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.[31] Austin Area Junior Senior School District achieved AYP status each year from 2003 to 2010.[32]

Graduation rate

In 2015, the Austin Area School District’s graduation rate was 95%.[33]

According to traditional graduation rate calculations

High school

Austin Area Junior Senior High School is located at 138 Costello Avenue, Austin. In 2015, enrollment declined to 84 pupils in 7th through 12th grades, with 42% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 34.5% of pupils received special education services, while none of the pupils were identified as gifted.[41] The school employed 9 teachers.[42] Per the PA Department of Education, 5% of the teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The school is a federally designated Title I school.

In 2014, Austin Area Junior Senior High School enrollment was reported as 92 pupils in 7th through 12th grades, with 42% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 32.6% of pupils received special education services, while none of the pupils were identified as gifted. The school employed 10 teachers.[43] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, only 84% of the teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2010, Austin Area Junior Senior High School reported an enrollment of 110 pupils in grades 7th through 12th, with 41 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced-price lunch. The school is a Title I school. The school employed 12 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 9:1.[44] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 18 classes were taught by teachers who were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[45]

2015 School Performance Profile

Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved 64.4 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. The Pennsylvania Department of Education withheld the percentage of successful students for each exam due to less than 10 pupils taking each test: Reading Literature, Biology, Algebra I.[46] Statewide, 53 percent of schools with an eleventh grade achieved an academic score of 70 or better. Five percent of the 2,033 schools with 11th grade were scored at 90 and above; 20 percent were scored between 80 and 89; 28 percent between 70 and 79; 25 percent between 60 and 69 and 22 percent below 60. The Keystone Exam results showed: 73 percent of students statewide scored at grade-level in English, 64 percent in Algebra I and 59 percent in biology.[47][48]

2014 School Performance Profile

Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved 77.8 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 77% of pupils were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 97% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, only 56% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.[49][50] Statewide, the percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in Algebra I increased to 39.7% to 40.1%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in reading/literature declined to 52.5%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in biology improved from 39.7% to 41.4%.[51]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,134 of 2,947 Pennsylvania public schools (72 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher.[52] Fifty-three percent of schools statewide received lower SPP scores compared with last year's, while 46 percent improved. A handful were unchanged.[53][54]

2013 School Performance Profile

Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved 70.9 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science student achievement. In reading, 76.92% of the students were on grade level. In Mathematics, 79.49% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, 27.59% of the students demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 83% of the 8th grade students showed on grade level skills through a writing sample which was evaluated by the state.[55]

AYP History

In 2012, Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved AYP status. In 2011, Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved AYP status.[56] Austin Area Junior Senior High School achieved AYP status each school year 2003 to 2010.

PSSA Results

Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered from 2003 through 2012, in all Pennsylvania public high schools. The exams were administered in the Spring of each school year. The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014. The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam included content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies. The mathematics exam included: algebra I, algebra II, geometry and trigonometry. The standards were first published in 1998 and are mandated by the Pennsylvania State Board of Education.[57]

In 2013, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania changed its high school assessments to the Keystone Exams in Algebra 1, Reading/literature and Biology1. The exams are given at the end of the course, rather than all in the spring of the student's 11th grade year.[58]

11th Grade Reading
11th Grade Math
11th Grade Science

Science in Motion Austin Area Junior Senior High School took advantage of a state program called Science in Motion which brought college professors and sophisticated science equipment to the school to raise science awareness and to provide inquiry-based experiences for the students. The Science in Motion program was funded by a state appropriation and cost the school nothing to participate.[71] University of Pittsburgh at Bradford provided the science enrichment experiences to schools in the region.

Dual enrollment

Austin Area Junior Senior High School does not offer the Pennsylvania dual enrollment program which permits students to earn deeply discounted college credits while still enrolled in high school. The program is offered through over 400 Pennsylvania school districts with the assistance of a state grant.

Penn College NOW

In 2014, Austin Area School District did not offer dual enrollment courses in conjunction with Pennsylvania College of Technology. Penn College NOW classes are taught by approved local high school teachers, at the high school.[72] Penn College NOW is partially funded by the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-270) through the Pennsylvania Department of Education, by the support of Pennsylvania companies through the Educational Improvement Tax Credit program managed by the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development and by Pennsylvania College of Technology.

AP Courses

Austin Area School District does not offer AP courses to its students.

Graduation requirements

Among Pennsylvania's 500 public school districts, graduation requirements widely vary. The Austin Area School Board has determined the type and number of credits a student must earn to graduate.

By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[73] Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.[74]

By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, for the graduating class of 2018, students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, English Composition, and Literature for which the Keystone Exams serve as the final course exams.[75][76][77] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 - 38% on grade level, Biology - 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.[78] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their IEP.

College remediation

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 13% of the Austin Area Junior-Senior High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.[79] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.[80] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

SAT scores

In 2014, 15 Austin Area Junior Senior High School students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 472. The Math average score was 493. The Writing average score was 441.[81][82] Statewide in Pennsylvania, Verbal Average Score was 497. The Math average score was 504. The Writing average score was 480. The College Board also reported that nationwide scores were: 497 in reading, 513 in math and 487 in writing.[83]

In 2013, 12 Austin Area School District students' average Verbal Average Score was 462.5. The Math average score was 489.17. The Writing average score was 440.83. The College Board reported that statewide scores were: 494 in reading, 504 in math and 482 in writing. The nationwide SAT results were the same as in 2012.[84]

In 2012, 12 Austin Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 473. The Math average score was 458. The Writing average score was 460. The statewide Verbal SAT exams results were: Verbal 491, Math 501, Writing 480. In the USA, 1.65 million students took the exams achieving scores: Verbal 496, Math 514, Writing 488. According to the College Board the maximum score on each section was 800, and 360 students nationwide scored a perfect 2,400.

In 2011, 11 Austin Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 443. The Math average score was 460. The Writing average score was 419.[85] Pennsylvania ranked 40th among states with SAT scores: Verbal - 493, Math - 501, Writing - 479.[86] In the United States, 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 in writing.[87]

The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, a research arm of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, compared the SAT data of students in rural areas of Pennsylvania to students in urban areas. From 2003 to 2005, the average total SAT score for students in rural Pennsylvania was 992, while urban students averaged 1,006. During the same period, 28 percent of 11th and 12th graders in rural school districts took the exam, compared to 32 percent of urban students in the same grades. The average math and verbal scores were 495 and 497, respectively, for rural students, while urban test-takers averaged 499 and 507, respectively. Pennsylvania’s SAT composite score ranked low on the national scale in 2004. The composite SAT score of 1,003 left Pennsylvania ranking 44 out of the 50 states and Washington, DC.[88]

The Pennsylvania Department of Education reported that 71 percent of students in rural areas of Pennsylvania chose to continue their education after high school in 2003, whereas 79 percent of urban high school graduates opted to continue their education.

Eighth grade

Seventh grades have been tested in reading and mathematics since 2006. Eighth graders are tested in: reading, writing, mathematics and Science. Beginning in the Spring of 2013, eighth graders, who are enrolled in Algebra I take the Keystone Exam for Algebra I at the end of the course. The testing of 8th grade in reading and mathematics began in 1999, as a state initiative.[89] Testing in science began in 2007.

PSSA Results

8th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - not reported due to less than 10 pupils. State - 79%.[90]
  • 2011 - 69% (13% below basic). State - 81.8%
  • 2010 - 63% (% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2009 - 75% (% below basic). State - 80.9%
  • 2008 - 75% (% below basic). State - 78%
8th Grade Math
  • 2012 - not reported due to less than 10 pupils. State - 76% [91]
  • 2011 - 81% (6% below basic). State - 76.9%
  • 2010 - 89% (% below basic). State - 75%
  • 2009 - 81%, State - 71%
  • 2008 - 65%, State -70%

8th Grade Science

Seventh grade

7th Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 46% (23% below basic). State – 76%
  • 2011 - not reported less than 10 pupils. State - 76%
  • 2010 - 64% (6% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2009 - 67% (16% below basic) State - 71%
  • 2008 - 86% (14% below basic) State - 70%
7th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 100% on grade level. State - 80%
  • 2011 - not reported less than 10 pupils. State - 78.6%
  • 2010 - 88% (0% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2009 - 81%, 61% advanced. State - 75%[93]
  • 2008 - 71% (7% below basic) State - 70%

Elementary School

Austin Area Elementary School is located at 138 Costello Avenue, Austin. In 2015, the School's enrollment was 125 pupils in grades preschool through 6th, with 51% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 23% of the pupils receive special education services, while none of the pupils were identified as gifted.[94] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten.[95] Austin Area Elementary School was a federally designated Title I school.

In 2014, the School's enrollment was 122 pupils in grades preschool through 6th, with 46.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 19% of the pupils receive special education services, while none are identified as gifted.[96] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten since 2008.[97] The school was a federally designated Title I school.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 88 pupils in grades preschool through 6th, with 42 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 10 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 8:1.[98] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 10 classes were taught by teachers who were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[99] Austin Area Elementary School provides full day kindergarten. In 2013, enrollment was 122 pupils preschool through 6th grade.

2015 School Performance Profile

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 46% of 5th grade students at Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 53% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 92% were on grade level in reading, while 69% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 100% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 58% were on grade level in reading and 33% were on grade level in mathematics. Among 6th graders, 53% were on grade level in reading and 42% were on grade level in mathematics.[100] Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 4th graders were 58.6% on grade level in reading and 44.4% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 77.3% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among Pennsylvania third (3rd) graders, 62% were reading on grade level, while 48.5% demonstrated on grade level math skills.[101]

2014 School Performance Profile

Austin Area Elementary School achieved a score of 81.2 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 67% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 92.8% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 78% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 80% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing only 58% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level writing skills.[102]

2013 School Performance Profile

Austin Area Elementary School achieved a score of 75.6 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, only 64% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 76.92% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 76% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, 92.31% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. Only 53.85% of the 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level writing skills.[103]

AYP History

From 2003 through 2012, Austin Area Elementary School achieved AYP status.[104][105]

PSSA results

Each year, in the Spring, the 3rd graders and sixth graders take the PSSAs in math and reading. The fourth grade is tested in reading, math and science. The fifth grade is evaluated in reading, mathematics and writing. Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered beginning 2003 to all Pennsylvania public school students in grades 3rd-8th.[106] The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014.[107][108][109] The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam is given to 4th grades and includes content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies.[110]

6th Grade Reading
  • 2012 - results not public less than 10 tested. State - 68% [111]
  • 2011 - 54% (8% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2010 - 45%, State - 68%
  • 2009 - 65%, State - 67%
  • 2008 - 67%, State - 67%
6th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 91%, 64% advanced. State - 77%
  • 2011 - 85%, 54% advanced. State - 78% [112]
  • 2010 - 64%, State - 67% [113]
  • 2009 - 67%, State - 75% [114]
  • 2008 - 65%, State - 62% [115]

5th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 55% (9% below basic. State - 65%
  • 2011 - results not public less than 10 tested. State - 67%
  • 2010 - 45%, State - 64% (11 pupils, 0 low income)
  • 2009 - 9 pupils results not reported
  • 2008 - 50%, State - 61%
5th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 82% (0% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2011 - 82% (0% below basic). State - 76%
  • 2010 - 81%, State - 73%
  • 2009 - 9 pupils results not reported
  • 2008 - 75%, State - 73%

4th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 91% (9% below basic). State - 82%
  • 2011 – less than 10 not reported
  • 2010 - 60%, State – 72%
  • 2009 - 50%, State – 72%
  • 2008 - 9 pupils – results not reported

4th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 100%, 73% advanced. State - 82%
  • 2011 - less than 10 not reported
  • 2010 - 100%, 73% advanced. State - 84%
  • 2009 - 70%, State - 81%
  • 2008 - 9 pupils - results not reported

4th Grade Science

3rd Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 67% (8% below basic). State - 74%
  • 2011 – 77% (8% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2010 – 81%, State - 75%
  • 2009 – 82%, State - 77%
  • 2008 – 92%, State - 77%

3rd Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 75% (0% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2011 – 85%, 54% advanced. State - 83%
  • 2010 – 90%, State - 84%
  • 2009 – 100%, State - 86%
  • 2008 – 92%, State - 80%

PreK Counts

In 2009, Austin Area School District received state funding to offer a taxpayer subsidize preschool program.[116][117] Children who are at least age three and younger than the entry age of kindergarten are eligible to apply. Priority enrollment for PA Pre-K Counts is designed for children who are at risk of school failure, either because of income (300 percent of the federal poverty level, or a family of four earning $63,600 per year), language (English is not your first language), cultural or special needs issues.

Special education

In December 2013, Austin Area School District administration reported that 49 pupils or 22% of the District's pupils received Special Education services, with 32% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[118] In December 2012, the District administration reported that 46 pupils or 23.6% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 39% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[119] In 2011, the Austin Area School District administration reported that 46 pupils or 20% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 47% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. In 2010, the Austin Area School District administration reported that 38 pupils or 19% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 63% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[120] The District reported that in December 2009 21% of pupils received special education services. This was significantly higher than the state rate of 15% of pupils. The District used services provided by the IU 12 to meet the needs of these students.[121] Total enrollment in the district was reported at 193 pupils in 2009. In 2008 enrollment was 220 pupils in the district.

In 2007, Pennsylvania Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak testified before the Pennsylvania House Education Committee regarding full day kindergarten. He claimed that districts which offered the program would see a significant decrease in special education students due to early identification and early intervention. He asserted the high cost of full day kindergarten would be recouped by Districts in lower special education costs.[122] AASD has offered full day kindergarten since 2008 and preschool since 2009. Austin Area School District has seen a minimal in the percentage of special education students it serves, yielding no savings.

Special education services in the Commonwealth are provided to students from ages three years to 21 years old. In the 2010-11 school year, the total student enrollment was more than 1.78 million students with approximately 275,000 students eligible for special education services. Among these students 18,959 were identified with mental retardation and 21,245 students with autism.[123] The largest group of stduents are identified as Specific Learning Disabilities 126,026 students (46.9 percent) and Speech or Language Impairments with 43,542 students (16.2 percent).

In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.[124] The Special Education funding structure is through the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) funds and state appropriations. IDEA funds are appropriated to the state on an annual basis and distributed through intermediate units (IUs) to school districts, while state funds are distributed directly to the districts. Total funds that are received by school districts are calculated through a formula. The Pennsylvania Department of Education oversees four appropriations used to fund students with special needs: Special Education; Approved Private Schools; Pennsylvania Chartered Schools for the Deaf and Blind; and Early Intervention. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district’s students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student’s needs accrue the same level of costs.[125] The state requires each public school district and charter school to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.[126] Over identification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.[127] In 2012, the Obama Administration's US Department of Education issued a directive that schools include students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, including sports.[128]

The Austin Area School District received a $131,703 supplement for special education services in 2010.[129] For the 2011-12, 2012–13 and 2013-14 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010-11. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.[130][131] For the 2014-2015 school year, Austin Area School District received an increase to $135,258 from the Commonwealth for special education funding.[132] Additionally, the state provides supplemental funding for extraordinarily impacted students. The District must apply for this added funding.

Gifted education

The District Administration reported that none of its students were gifted in 2009. The highest percentage of gifted students reported among all 500 school districts and 100 public charter schools in Pennsylvania was North Allegheny School District with 15.5% of its students identified as gifted.[133] By law, the District must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student’s building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.[134][135]

Wellness policy

Austin Area School Board established a district wellness policy in 2006.[136] The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 – 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006." Most districts identified the superintendent and school foodservice director as responsible for ensuring local wellness policy implementation.[137]

The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, campus food provision, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus.[138] The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval.

The District offers a free school breakfast and free or reduced-price lunch to children in low income families. All students attending the school can eat breakfast and lunch. Children from families with incomes at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty level are provided a breakfast and lunch at no cost to the family. Children from families with incomes between 130 and 185 percent of the federal poverty level can be charged no more than 30 cents per breakfast. A foster child whose care and placement is the responsibility of the State or who is placed by a court with a caretaker household is eligible for both a free breakfast and a free lunch. Runaway, homeless and Migrant Youth are also automatically eligible for free meals.[139] The meals are partially funded with federal dollars through the United States Department of Agriculture.[140]

In 2013, the USDA issued new restrictions to foods in public schools. The rules apply to foods and beverages sold on all public school district campuses during the day. They limit vending machine snacks to a maximum of 200 calories per item. Additionally, all snack foods sold at school must meet competitive nutrient standards, meaning they must have fruits, vegetables, dairy or protein in them or contain at least 10 percent of the daily value of fiber, calcium, potassium, and Vitamin D.[141]

In 2014, President Obama ordered a prohibition of advertisements for unhealthy foods on public school campuses during the school day.[142] The Food and Drug Administration requires that students take milk as their beverage at lunch. In accordance with this law, any student requesting water in place of milk with their lunch must present a written request, signed by a doctor, documenting the need for water instead of milk.[143][144]

Austin Area School District provides health services as mandated by the Commonwealth and the federal government. A nurse is available in the building to conduct annual health screenings (data reported to the PDE and state Department of Health) and to dispense prescribed medications to students during the school day. Students can be excluded from school unless they comply with all the State Department of Health’s extensive immunization mandates. School nurses monitor each pupil for this compliance.[145][146] Nurses also monitor each child's weight.[147]

Highmark Healthy High 5 grants

In 2011, the Austin Area School District received funding through a Highmark Healthy High 5 grant. Austin Area High School received $10,000 for an Austin Outdoor Excursion program.[148] Beginning in 2006, Highmark Foundation engaged in a 5-year, $100 million program to promote lifelong healthy behaviors in children and adolescents through local nonprofits and schools.

The District participated in Highmark Healthy High 5 Health eTools for Schools, which enabled mobile data collection of pertinent health and physical fitness screening data on students K-12 in a database held by InnerLink, Inc. in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Health eTools for Schools also provided interdisciplinary research-based curriculum in nutrition, physical education and physical activity to participating districts. The program was discontinued in 2013.[149]

Budget

Pennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the General Assembly and the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1.

Under Pennsylvania’s Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.[150]

In 2013, the average teacher salary in Austin Area School District rose to $53,627 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received rose to $25,516 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $79,143.[151] Austin Area School District teacher and administrator retirement benefits are equal to at least 2.00% x Final Average Salary x Total Credited Service. (Some teachers benefits utilize a 2.50% benefit factor.)[152] After 40 years of service, a teacher can retire with 100% of the average salary of their final 3 years of employment. According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers’ total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits that teachers receive are not accounted for in many studies of compensation including: pension, retiree health benefits and job security.[153]

In 2011, the average teacher salary in Austin Area School District was $49,600 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers receive was $17,036 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $56,637.[154]

In 2009, the Austin Area School District reported employing 27 teachers and administrators, with a median salary of $52,958 and a top salary of $109,175.[155] The teacher’s work day is 7 hours 15 minutes with a 30-minute duty-free lunch period with 185 days in the contract year. Teachers receive extra pay for extra duties done. Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, 2 paid personal days which accumulate, 10 paid sick days, 2 paid emergency leave days, 5 paid bereavement days, and other benefits.[156]

In 2007, the average teacher salary in the district was $45,373 for 180 days worked. Austin Area is ranked fourth in Potter County for average teacher salary in 2007.[157] As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living, Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.[158] Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance professional development reimbursement, paid personal days, 10 paid sick days, and many other benefits.[159]

Administration costs Austin Area ranked near the top in administrative costs per pupil, in Pennsylvania in 2008 at $1,620 per pupil. This was the 3rd highest administrative spending in 2008 for the 501 school districts in the state. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[160] In July 2007 awarded a five-year contract to Matthew J. Hutcheson to serve as district superintendent. His initial salary was set at $86,000 (2007) to rise to $99,500 (2012). He also received an extensive benefits package which included: $1,000 payment on departure for each year served, health insurance, life insurance, payment for conferences and more.[161]

Per pupil spending In 2008, Austin Area School District reported spending $15,863 per pupil which was 44th in the state out of 500 school districts.[162] In 2010 the per pupil spending at Austin Area School District had increased to $20,119.88 [163] Among the states, Pennsylvania’s total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.[164] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was $12,759.[165] The U.S. Census Bureau reports that Pennsylvania spent $8,191 per pupil in school year 2000-01.[166]

Among the fifty states, Pennsylvania’s total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.[167] Pennsylvania’s total revenue per pupil rose to $16,186 ranking 9th in the nation in 2011.[168]

Reserves In 2008, Austin Area School District reported a balance of zero in its unreserved-designated fund. The unreserved-undesignated fund balance was reported as $509,472.[169] In 2010, Austin Area Administration reported an increase to $622,695 in the unreserved-undesignated fund balance. In 2012, the District reported $542,474 in reserves.[170] Pennsylvania public school district reserve funds are divided into two categories – designated and undesignated. The undesignated funds are not committed to any planned project. Designated funds and any other funds, such as capital reserves, are allocated to specific projects. School districts are required by state law to keep 5 percent of their annual spending in the undesignated reserve funds to preserve bond ratings. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2003 to 2010, as a whole, Pennsylvania school districts amassed nearly $3 billion in reserved funds.[171] In 2013, Austin Area School Board reported having $152,158 in reserves.

Tuition Students who live in the District's attendance area may choose to attend one of Pennsylvania's 157 public charter schools. A student living in a neighboring public school district or a foreign exchange student may seek admission to Austin Area School District. For these cases, the Pennsylvania Department of Education sets an annual tuition rate for each school district. It is the amount the public school district pays to a charter school for each resident student that attends the charter and it is the amount a nonresident student's parents must pay to attend the Austin Area School District's schools. The 2012 tuition rates are Elementary School - $13,417.68, High School - $13,735.17.[172]

Audit In a 2012 audit of the Austin Area District, the administration was cited by the Pennsylvania Auditor General for continuing a practice of permitting non-resident students to attend The District's schools without paying full tuition, as required by the Pennsylvania School Code. The practice has cost the District tens of thousands over the previous 6 years.[173]

Austin Area School District is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government. Grants can provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. Interest earnings on accounts also provide nontax income to the District. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the level of the individual’s personal wealth.[174] The average Pennsylvania public school teacher pension in 2011 exceeds $60,000 a year plus they receive federal Social Security benefits: both are free of Pennsylvania state income tax and local income tax which funds local public schools.[175]

State basic education funding

According to a report from Representative Todd Stephens office, Austin Area School District receives 39.3% of its annual revenue from the state.[176]

In December 2014, the Pennsylvania Education Funding Reform Commission conducted a hearing. Testimony was given regarding state funding at the fastest growing districts and those with the greatest decline in enrollment since 1996. Austin Area School District was identified as a district with a large decline in enrollment (32%). It was noted that State funding per pupil to the District grew by 231% from $3,586.77 per pupil in 1996 to $11,885 in 2013.[177][178]

In 2016, Governor Wolf announced he would be denying Austin Area School District any increase in Basic Education funding. Austin Area School district was one of ten (10) Pennsylvania public school districts which were denied an increase in state funding for 2016.[179][180]

For the 2015-16 school year, Governor Tom Wolf released a partial Basic Education Funding of $668,018 to Austin Area School District, in January 2016.[181] This was part of $10.3 billion in school funding withheld from the public schools, by the Governor since the summer of 2015.[182] The dispersement did not follow the new Basic Education Fair Funding formula which was established by the Pennsylvania General Assemby in June 2015.[183][184]

For the 2014-15 school year, Austin and Area School District will receive $1,418,746 in State Basic Education funding. The District will also receive $28,957 in new Ready To Learn Block grant. The State’s enacted Education Budget includes $5,526,129,000 for the 2014-2015 Basic Education Funding.[185] The Education budget also includes Accountability Block Grant funding at $100 million and $241 million in new Ready to Learn funding for public schools that focus on student achievement and academic success. The State is paying $500.8 million to Social Security on the school employees behalf and another $1.16 billion to the state teachers pension system (PSERS). In total, Pennsylvania’s Education budget for K-12 public schools is $10 billion. This was a $305 million increase over 2013-2014 state spending and the greatest amount ever allotted by the Commonwealth for its public schools.[186]

For the 2013-14 school year, Austin Area School District received $1,418,682 in Pennsylvania Basic Education Funding, which is $260,363 more than its 2012-13 state BEF to the District. This 22.5% increase was the greatest percentage increase of BEF funding awarded among all 500 Pennsylvania public school districts. The District will also receive $18,638 in Accountability Block Grant funding to focus on academic achievement and level funding for special education services. The Superintendent acknowledge the District was in financial trouble that required exceptional state intervention to "remain afloat".[187] The District has the option of applying for several other state and federal grants to increase revenues. The Commonwealth’s budget increased Basic Education Funding statewide by $123 million to over $5.5 billion. Most of Pennsylvania’s 500 public school districts received an increase of Basic Education Funding in a range of 0.9% to 4%. Eight public school districts received exceptionally high funding of 10% to 16%.[188] The state also funded the PSERS (Pennsylvania school employee pension fund) with $1,017,000,000 and Social Security payments for school employees of $495 million.[189]

For the 2012-13 school year, the Austin Area School District received $1,176,932.[190] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block grant program. Austin Area School District received $18,638. The state also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.[191]

In 2011-12, the Austin Area School District received a $1,158,294 allocation of state Basic Education Funding.[192][193] Additionally, the School District received $18,638 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The enacted Pennsylvania state Education budget included $5,354,629,000 for the 2011-2012 Basic Education Funding appropriation. This amount was a $233,290,000 increase (4.6%) over the enacted State appropriation for 2010-2011.[194] The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District, which got a 49% increase in state funding for 2011-12.[195] In 2010, the district reported that 882 students received free or reduced-price lunches, due to the family meeting the federal poverty level.[196]

In the 2010–11 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided Austin Area School District a 2% increase in Basic Education funding for a total funding of $1,205,189. The majority of Potter County districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in Potter County went to Coudersport Area School District which received a 5.50% increase. The largest increase in Pennsylvania, went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state Basic Education Funding in 2010.[197] The state's hold harmless policy regarding state basic education funding continued where each district received at least the same amount as it received the prior school year, even when enrollment had significantly declined. The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward Rendell and then Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. This was the second year of Governor Rendell’s policy to fund some Pennsylvania public school districts at a far greater rate than others.[198]

In the 2009–10 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 2% increase in Basic Education funding for a total of $1,181,460. The majority of Potter County districts received a 2% increase. Ninety (90) Pennsylvania public school districts received the base 2% increase. In Pennsylvania, more than 15 school districts received Basic Education Funding increases in excess of 10% in 2009. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received the highest with a 22.31% increase in funding. The state's Basic Education Funding to the Austin Area School District in 2008–09 was $1,158,294.04[199] The amount of increase each school district received was determined by then Governor Edward G. Rendell and the Secretary of Education, Gerald Zahorchak, through the allocation set in the state budget proposal made in February each year.[200] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania spent $7,824 Per Pupil in the year 2000. This amount increased up to $12,085 by the year 2008.[201][202]

The state Basic Education Funding to the District in 2008-09 was $1,158,294.04. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 124 District students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007–2008 school year.[203]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004-05, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, and for professional development to improve their instruction. For 2010-11, the district applied for and received $50,588 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district uses the funding to provide full-day kindergarten and reduced class size K-3rd grade.[204][205]

Literacy grant

Austin Area School District was awarded a $276,518 competitive literacy grant. It is to be used to improve reading skills birth through 12th grade. The district was required to develop a lengthy literacy plan, which included outreach into the community. The funds come from a Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant, also referred to as the Keystones to Opportunity grant It is a five-year, competitive federal grant program designed to assist local education agencies in developing and implementing local comprehensive literacy plans. Of the 329 pre-applications by school districts reviewed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, School District was one of only 148 entities that were invited to submit a full application. In Potter County 1 school district was awarded funding for the first year.[206] The funds must be used for teacher training, student screening and assessment, targeted interventions for students reading below grade level and research-based methods of improving classroom instruction and practice. Districts must hire literacy coaches. The coaches work with classroom teachers to enhance their literacy teaching skills. Pennsylvania was among six other states, out of the 35 that applied, to be awarded funding. Pennsylvania received $38 million through the federal program. The Department of Education reserved 5% of the grant for administration costs at the state level.

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006–2009. Austin Area School District applied to participate in 2006–07, but was denied funding The district received $58,944 in 2007–08 and $35,439 in 2008–09 for a total of $94,433 in state funding.[207]

Other grants

Austin Area School District did not participate in: PA DEP Environmental Education grants, Science Its Elementary grants, Education Assistance Grants, Pennsylvania Hybrid Learning grants nor the federal 21st Century learning grants.

Federal grants

Austin Area School district received $241,010 in 2009 in ARRA – Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students. These dollars were in addition to all regular state and federal funding to the district.[208] The funds were limited to the 2009–10 and 2010-2011 school years. Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software.

Race to the Top grant

Austin Area School District officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant which would have brought the district hundreds of thousands of additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement.[209] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.[210] Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[211]

Title II grants

The Federal government provides annual grants to schools to be used to improve the quality of teacher instructions to pupils. The goal is to provide each child in public schools with “Highly Quality” teachers and principals as defined by the state.[212] The funds are sent to the state Department of Education which distributes them to each school district and charter school.[213] Beginning in 2002, the federal funding committed to Title II was $3,175,000,000.

Public school district administrations must apply to the state annually for the Title II funds. In 2012-13, Austin Area School District received $13,184 in federal Title II funding.[214] In 2014-15, Austin Area School District applied for and received $12,704.[215]

Common Cents state initiative

Austin Area School Board elected to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.[216] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes.

Real estate taxes

Property tax rates in 2015-16 were raised by the Austin Area School Board to 45.8500 mills.[217] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and government property. Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.[218] When the school district includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties.[219] Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region.

The average yearly property tax paid by Potter County residents amounts to about 2.95% of their yearly income. Potter County ranked 624h out of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.[230] According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09 and to $11,153,412,490 in 2011.[231] Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[232]

Act 1 Adjusted index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not allowed to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2010–2011 school year is 1.4 percent, but it can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as local property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increasing rising health care costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[233] In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly eliminated six of the ten exceptions to the Act 1 Index.[234] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school’s share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.[235][236]

The School District Adjusted Index for the Austin Area School District 2006–2007 through 2011–2012.[237]

  • 2006–07 - 5.5%, Base 3.9%
  • 2007–08 - 4.7%, Base 3.4%
  • 2008–09 - 6.0%, Base 4.4%
  • 2009–10 - 5.5%, Base 4.1%
  • 2010–11 - 3.9%, Base 2.9%
  • 2011–12 - 1.9%, Base 1.4%[238][239]
  • 2012-13 - 2.3%, Base 1.7% [240]
  • 2013-14 - 2.2%, Base - 1.7% [241]
  • 2014-15 - 2.7%, Base 2.1% [242]
  • 2015-16 - 2.4%, Base 1.9%[243]
  • 2016-17 - 3.1%, Base 2.4%[244][245]

For the 2015-16 budget year, Austin Area School Board did not applied for an exception to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. For the school budget 2015-16, 310 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above its Act 1 Index limit. Another 187 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeding the Index limit. Regarding the pension costs exception, 172 school districts received approval to exceed the Index limit in full, while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 119 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. No Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for the grandfathered construction debts exception.[246]

For the 2014-15 budget year, Austin Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. In 2014-15, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 21.4% of payroll payment to the teacher’s pension fund (PSERS).[247] For the school budget 2014-15, 316 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above its Act 1 Index limit. Another 181 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeding the Index limit. Districts may apply for multiple exceptions each year. For the pension costs exception, 163 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full, while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 104 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. Seven Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for the grandfathered construction debts exception.[248]

For the 2013-14 budget year, Austin Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. For 2013-2014, 311 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 171 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 89 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 75 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the exception for pension costs, 169 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. Eleven districts received an approval for grandfathered construction debts.[249]

For the 2012-13 budget year, Austin Area School Board also did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.[250]

For the 2011-12 school year, the Austin Area School Board did not apply for an exception to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year, the Austin Area School Board has the option of adopting either 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index. A specific timeline for these decisions is published annually, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.[251]

According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district’s index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.[252]

In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.[253] In 2010, the Austin Area School Board did not seek any exceptions and budgeted within the Act 1 Index limit.[254]

Property tax relief

In 2010, the state set the Austin Area School District's property tax relief at $324 for 409 approved homesteads and farmsteads.[255]

In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Austin Area School District was $358 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 370 property owners applied for the tax relief. The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In 2009, 79% of Potter County property owners applied for the property tax relief.[256]

According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[257]

Enrollment

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area's total enrollment K-12 is 181 students. There were 23 students in the Class of 2009. The senior class of 2010 had 17 students. Enrollment in Austin Area School District is projected by the Pennsylvania Department of Education to continue to decline to a district wide enrollment of 147 students in 2017.[258] The district ranks 3rd out of 500 public school districts in the Commonwealth for spending on administration.[259]

A study of Pennsylvania public school spending, conducted by Standard and Poor's, examined the consolidation of Austin Area School District Administration with neighboring Galeton Area School District. The study found that consolidation of the administrations would achieve substantial administrative cost savings of over $1 million. The study also examined administrative consolidation of Austin Area School District with Smethport Area School District. It found a savings of $632,105.[260]

According to a report by The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, rural Pennsylvania public school enrollment has declined by 8 percent since 2000. The most significant enrollment decline was in western Pennsylvania, where rural school districts experienced a 16 percent decline. More than 40 percent of elementary schools and more than 60 percent of secondary schools in western Pennsylvania are projected to experience significant enrollment decreases (15 percent or greater). From 2000 to 2009, Pennsylvania experienced a decline of over 50,000 pupils statewide.[261] In March 2011, the Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants released a report finding that the state would save hundreds of millions of tax dollars, by cutting the number of school administrations in half through consolidation, with no impact on programs offered to students.[262]

Pennsylvania has one of the highest numbers of school districts in the nation. In Pennsylvania, 80% of the school districts serve student populations under 5,000, and 40% serve less than 2,000. According to a 2009 school district administration consolidation proposal by Governor Edward Rendell, the excessive administrative overhead dollars could be redirected to improve lagging academic achievement, to enrich the academic programs or to reduce property taxes.[263] Consolidation of two central administrations into one would not require the closing of any local schools.[264] In a survey of 88 superintendents of small districts, 42% of the 49 respondents stated that they thought consolidation would save money without closing any schools.[265]

School safety and bullying

Austin Area School District administration reported there were one incident of bullying in the district in 2012.[266] Each year the school safety data is reported by the district to the Safe School Center which publishes the reports online.

The Austin Area School Board has not provided the district's antibully policy online. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the District must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.[267] The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives.[268][269]

Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education.[270]

Extracurriculars

Austin Area School District offers a variety of extracurriculars, including clubs, activities and extensive sports program. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and in compliance with standards set by the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA). The PIAA mandates that student athletes must be passing at least four full-credit subjects to participate in sports.[271] By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 aged students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[272]

According to PA Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act 126 of 2014, all volunteer coaches and all those who assist in student activities, must have criminal background checks. Like all school district employees, they must also attend an anti child abuse training once every three years.[273][274][275]

Athletics

According to Pennsylvania’s Safety in Youth Sports Act, all sports coaches, paid and volunteer, are required to annually complete the Concussion Management Certification Training and present the certification before coaching.[276][277]

The District is noncompliant with state law, due to failing to post its Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form on its website.[278] Article XVI-C of the Public School Code requires the disclosure of interscholastic athletic opportunities for all public secondary school entities in Pennsylvania. All school entities with grades 7-12 are required to annually collect data concerning team and financial information for all male and female athletes beginning with the 2012-13 school year and submit the information to the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Beginning with the 2013-14 school year, all non-school (booster club and alumni) contributions and purchases must also be reported to PDE.[279]

According to Pennsylvania’s Safety in Youth Sports Act, all sports coaches, paid and volunteer, are required to annually complete the Concussion Management Certification Training and present the certification before coaching.[280][281]

Varsity:

Boys
Girls
Junior High School

Cooperative Sports The district has a cooperative sports agreement with the Coudersport Area School District in the following sports:

References

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  2. ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data Austin Area School District, 2013
  3. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (November 4, 2015). "Austin Area School District Fast Facts 2015".
  4. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2014). "Austin Area School District Fast Facts 2014".
  5. ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data - Austin Area School District, 2012
  6. ↑ PDE, Enrollment by LEA and School, 2005
  7. ↑ PDE, Enrollment by LEA 2012-13, 2013
  8. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2011). "Enrollment and Projections by school district".
  9. ↑ Endeavor News, School budgets: no tax increases, June 23, 2012
  10. ↑ Northwest Tri-County Intermediate Unit, Austin Area School District data report, 2010
  11. ↑ proximityone (2014). "School District Comparative Analysis Profiles".
  12. ↑ Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, Education Facts Student Poverty Concentration by LEA, 2012
  13. ↑ US Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, 2009
  14. ↑ US Census Bureau (2014). "Pennsylvania Median household income, 2006-2010 by County".
  15. ↑ US Census Bureau (2010). "American Fact Finder, State and County quick facts".
  16. ↑ US Census Bureau (September 2011). "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010" (PDF).
  17. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area School District NCLB Highly Qualified notice 2009, September 14, 2009
  18. ↑ Office of the Auditor General of Pennsylvania (January 11, 2012). "Austin Area School District performance audit 2012" (PDF).
  19. ↑ Pennsylvania Public School Code Governance 2010
  20. ↑ US Department of Education (2015). "Every Student Succeeds Act".
  21. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (2012). "Act of Jul. 12, 2012, P.L. 1142, No. 141 Section 921-A".
  22. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly, Pennsylvania School Code, 2013
  23. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (2012). "Act of Jul. 12, 2012, P.L. 1142, No. 141".
  24. ↑ Austin Area School District Administration, Austin Area School District - Administration, January 2016
  25. ↑ The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives, The Pennsylvania Project, October 29, 2010
  26. ↑ Pittsburgh Business Times (April 11, 2014). "What makes up a district's School Performance Profile score?".
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  73. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education. "Pennsylvania Code §4.24 (a) High school graduation requirements".
  74. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education, Proposed changes to Chapter 4, May 10, 2012
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  77. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education (2010). "Rules and Regulation Title 22 PA School Code CH. 4".
  78. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Keystone Exams".
  79. ↑ Pennsylvania College Remediation Report
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  87. ↑ "While U.S. SAT scores dip across the board, N.J. test-takers hold steady". NJ.com. September 2011.
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  93. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2009, September 14, 2009
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  97. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Performance Profile, Austin Area Elementary School Fast Facts, 2014
  98. ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, Common Care Data – Austin Area Elementary School, 2011
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  101. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (October 1, 2015). "2015 PSSA State Level Data".
  102. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (November 6, 2014). "Austin Area Elementary School Academic Performance Data 2014".
  103. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (October 4, 2013). "Austin Area Elementary School Academic Performance Data 2013".
  104. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School AYP Overview, September 21, 2012
  105. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School AYP History 2003-2012, 2012
  106. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education (2003). "PSSA results 2003".
  107. ↑ New America Foundation (2003). "No Child Left Behind Overview".
  108. ↑ The Goals of No Child Left Behind (Jul 20, 2010). "The Goals of No Child Left Behind".
  109. ↑ Learning Point Associates (220). "Understanding the No Child Left Behind Act" (PDF).
  110. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education (January 11, 2003). "Pennsylvania Academic Standards Science and Technology, Ecology and Environment".
  111. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (September 21, 2012). "Austin Area Elementary School Academic report card 2012" (PDF).
  112. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School Academic report card 2011, September 29, 2011
  113. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School Academic report card 2010, October 20, 2010
  114. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School Academic report card 2009, September 14, 2009
  115. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Austin Area Elementary School Academic report card 2008, August 14, 2008
  116. ↑ PDE – 2008–09 Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts Grantees
  117. ↑ Nearly 12,000 Children Will be Served in Second Year of 'Pre-K Counts' July 15, 2009
  118. ↑ Pennsylvania Bureau of Special Education Services (2013). "Austin Area School District Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets". Archived from the original on August 24, 2011.
  119. ↑ Pennsylvania Bureau of Special Education Services (2012). "Austin Area School District Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets". Archived from the original on August 24, 2011.
  120. ↑ Pennsylvania Bureau of Special Education Services (2009–2010). "Austin Area School District Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets". Archived from the original on August 24, 2011.
  121. ↑ Austin Area School District Special Education Data Report LEA Performance on State Performance Plan (SPP) Targets School Year 2008–2009
  122. ↑ Gerald L. Zahorchak, D. Ed. (May 30, 2007). "House Education Committee Hearing on Governor's Proposed Increase for Accountability Block Grants Testimony for Gerald L. Zahorchak, D. Ed. Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Education" (PDF).
  123. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Testimony Hearing on Special Education Senate Republican Policy Committee, January 2013
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  126. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Amy Morton, Executive Deputy Secretary (November 11, 2011). "Public Hearing: Special Education Funding & Accountability Testimony". Archived from the original on April 22, 2012.
  127. ↑ Baruch Kintisch Education Law Center (November 11, 2011). "Public Hearing: Special Education Funding & Accountability Testimony" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2012.
  128. ↑ US Department of Education, U.S. Department of Education Clarifies Schools' Obligation to Provide Equal Opportunity to Students with Disabilities to Participate in Extracurricular Athletics, January 25, 2013
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  130. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Special Education Funding 2011-2012 Fiscal Year".
  131. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2012). "Investing in PA kids,".
  132. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Special Education funding report by LEA, July 2014
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  134. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education and Pennsylvania School Board. "CHAPTER 16. Special Education For Gifted Students". Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  135. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (March 26, 2010). "Special Education for Gifted Students Notice of Parental rights" (PDF).
  136. ↑ Austin Area School Board Policy Manual, Student Wellness Policy 246, 2006
  137. ↑ Probart C, McDonnell E, Weirich JE, Schilling L, Fekete V (September 2008). "Statewide assessment of local wellness policies in Pennsylvania public school districts.". J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9): 1497–502. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.429. PMID 18755322.
  138. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education – Division of Food and Nutrition (July 2008). "Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods in Pennsylvania Schools for the School Nutrition Incentive".
  139. ↑ USDA, Child Nutrition Programs - Eligibility Manual for School Meals, 2012
  140. ↑ Pennsylvania Hunger Action Center, The Pennsylvania School Breakfast Report Card, 2009
  141. ↑ USDA, Child Nutrition Programs, June 27, 2013
  142. ↑ Denver Nicks (February 25, 2014). "White House Sets New Limits on Junk Food Ads in Schools". Time Magazine.
  143. ↑ USDA Food and Nutrition Service (2014). "School Meals FAQ".
  144. ↑ Monica Eng (November 26, 2012). "Lactose intolerance: When drinking school milk makes students feel sick". Chicago Tribune.
  145. ↑ Pennsylvania State Department of Health (2010). "Pennsylvania Bulletin Doc. No. 10-984 School Immunizations; Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases".
  146. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Health (2014). "School Immunization Requirements".
  147. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Health (2014). "MANDATED SCHOOL HEALTH SCREENINGS".
  148. ↑ Highmark Foundation, 2011 School Challenge Grants, 2011
  149. ↑ PR Newswire, Highmark Healthy High 5 Health eTools for Schools Available Free Through 2009, 2007
  150. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly, Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, June 27, 2006
  151. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Investing in Pennsylvania Students".
  152. ↑ Pennsylvania School Employees Retirement System (2014). "Your PSERS Benefits & Leaving Employment".
  153. ↑ American Enterprise Institute, (2011). "Assessing the Compensation of Public School Teachers". Archived from the original on January 3, 2013.
  154. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Investing in Pennsylvania Students".
  155. ↑ Asbury Park Press (2009). "PA. Public School Salaries".
  156. ↑ Austin Area School Board. "Austin Area School District Teacher Union Employment Contract 2010". Archived from the original on November 19, 2010.
  157. ↑ Fenton, Jacob, Average classroom teacher salary in Potter County, 2006–07. The Morning Call. Accessed March 2009.
  158. ↑ Teachers need to know enough is enough, PaDelcoTimes, April 20, 2010.
  159. ↑ Austin Area Professional Education Association Employment Contract 2009
  160. ↑ Fenton, Jacob. Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, Feb 2009.
  161. ↑ The Altoona Mirror (August 2007). "Benefits of Learning".
  162. ↑ Per Pupil Spending in Pennsylvania Public Schools in 2008 Sort by Administrative Spending
  163. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "2009-10 Selected Data - 2009-10 Total Expenditures per ADM".
  164. ↑ United States Census Bureau (2009). "States Ranked According to Per Pupil Elementary-Secondary Public School System Finance Amounts: 2008-09" (PDF).
  165. ↑ US Census Bureau (2009). "Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07".
  166. ↑ US Census Bureau (March 2003). "Public Education Finances 2000-01 Annual Survey of Local Government Finances" (PDF).
  167. ↑ United States Census Bureau (2009). "States Ranked According to Per Pupil Elementary-Secondary Public School System Finance Amounts: 2008-09" (PDF).
  168. ↑ US Census Bureau (May 2013). "States Ranked According to Per Pupil Public Elementary-Secondary School System Finance Amounts: Fiscal Year 2011" (PDF).
  169. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education. "Fund Balances by Local Education Agency 1997 to 2008".
  170. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Investing in Pennsylvania's Students, June 2013
  171. ↑ Murphy, Jan., Pennsylvania's public schools boost reserves, CentreDaily Times, September 22, 2010
  172. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2012). "Pennsylvania Public School District Tuition Rates".
  173. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (January 11, 2012). "Austin Area School District Potter County, Pennsylvania Performance Audit Report".
  174. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Revenue (April 2010). "Personal Income Taxation Guidelines".
  175. ↑ John Finnerty (2013). "PA teachers pensions". CNHI Harrisburg Bureau.
  176. ↑ Pennsylvania Representative Todd Stephens (January 23, 2014). "LEEF Funding Chart 2014".
  177. ↑ Nathan Benefield and James Paul Senior Policy Analyst (December 3, 2014). "School Funding Reform & Weighted Student Funding" (PDF).
  178. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly - Education Reform Commission (December 2014). "Basic Education Funding Commission Public Hearing Funding Issues related to Enrollment and Growth".
  179. ↑ Jan Murphy (January 6, 2016). "School funding distribution gives rise to new battle between Wolf, GOP lawmakers". PennLive.com.
  180. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (January 2016). "Summary of State Appropriations for Education 2015-2016 Fiscal Year Education Budget". Archived from the original on January 28, 2016.
  181. ↑ Jan Murphey (January 4, 2016). "Here's the payout your school district gets from the partial 2015-16 state budget". Pennlive.com.
  182. ↑ Jennifer Wakeman (January 4, 2016). "Harrisburg releases $3.3 billion in delayed funds".
  183. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (June 26, 2015). "Basic Education Funding Commission".
  184. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (January 2016). "Summary of State Appropriations for Education 2015-2016 Fiscal Year Education Budget". Archived from the original on January 28, 2016.
  185. ↑ PDE (July 7, 2014). "Enacted Education Budget 2014-2015".
  186. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014-15 Enacted Education Budget Fast Facts, July 14, 2014
  187. ↑ Amanda Jones (July 23, 2013). "Austin School District to receive additional funding". The Bradford New Era.
  188. ↑ Democrat Appropriations Committee, Report on Education funding by LEA, July 2, 2013
  189. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Budget, 2013-14 State Budget Highlights, 2013
  190. ↑ Senator Jake Corman (June 28, 2012). "Pennsylvania Education funding by Local School District" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 30, 2012.
  191. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly Sen Jake Corman (June 29, 2012). "SB1466 of 2012 General Fund Appropriation".
  192. ↑ PA Senate Appropriations Committee (June 28, 2011). "School District 2011-12 Funding Report".
  193. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  194. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  195. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding 2011-2012 Fiscal Year".
  196. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, District Allocations Report 2009, 2009-10
  197. ↑ Pennsylvania House Appropriations Committee Education Budget information (June 30, 2010). "PA Basic Education Funding-Printout2 2010-2011" (PDF). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  198. ↑ Office of the Budget (February 2010). "Pennsylvania Budget Proposal 2010,".
  199. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Report on Funding by School District. Released October 2009
  200. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of Budget (February 2009). "Governor's Budget Proposal 2009 Pennsylvania Department of Education Budget Proposal 2009".
  201. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., Annual Survey of Local Government Finances., 2000
  202. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., 2008 Survey of Local Government Finances – School Systems, 2010
  203. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Funding Report by LEA, 2009
  204. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Accountability Block Grant report Grantee list 2010".
  205. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2008). "Accountability Block Grant Mid Year report".
  206. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 23, 2012). "Pennsylvania Awards $36.1 Million to Strengthen Literacy Programs".
  207. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General CFF grants audit December 22, 2008
  208. ↑ "Potter County ARRA FUNDING Report". 2009.
  209. ↑ Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support
  210. ↑ Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support, Governor's Press Office release, January 20, 2010.
  211. ↑ Race to the Top Fund, U.S. Department of Education, March 29, 2010.
  212. ↑ PDE (2015). "TITLE II, PART A - TEACHER AND PRINCIAL TRAINING & RECRUITING".
  213. ↑ PDE (2015). "Federal Programs".
  214. ↑ PDE, Title IIA egrants 2012-13, 2012
  215. ↑ PDE, Title IIA egrants 2014-15, 2014
  216. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Common Cents program – Making Every Dollar Count, 2006
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  218. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2004). "Act 511 Tax Report".
  219. ↑ State Tax Equalization Board (2011). "State Tax Equalization Board About US". Archived from the original on November 14, 2012.
  220. ↑ PDE (October 2014). "Finances RE Tax Rates 2014-15".
  221. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District 2013".
  222. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  223. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  224. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  225. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports, 2010
  226. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports 2008-09 Real Estate Mills, 2009
  227. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2008
  228. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2006
  229. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2005
  230. ↑ Tax-rates.org., The 2013 Tax Resource County Property Taxes 2012, 2012
  231. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania School Finances - Summaries of Annual Financial Report Data 2010-11, 2011
  232. ↑ New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009.
  233. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines".
  234. ↑ Kaitlynn Riely (August 4, 2011). "Law could restrict school construction projects". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  235. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (June 29, 2011). "SB330 of 2011".
  236. ↑ Eric Boehm (July 1, 2011). "Property tax reform final piece of state budget". PA Independent.
  237. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2010). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 School District Adjusted Index for 2006–2007 through 2010–2011,".
  238. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (Sep 18, 2010). "Calculation Required by the Taxpayer Relief Act".
  239. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Financial Data Elements".
  240. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2012-2013 School District Adjusted Index, May 2011
  241. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2013-2014 School District Adjusted Index, May 2012
  242. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014-2015 School District Adjusted Index, September 2013
  243. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2015-2016 School District Adjusted Index, September 2014
  244. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (September 5, 2015). "2016-2017 School District Adjusted Index".
  245. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2015). "Property Tax Relief".
  246. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2015). "Taxpayer Relief Act Special Session Act 1 of 2006 Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2015-2016" (PDF).
  247. ↑ Pennsylvania School Employees, Retirement System, PSERS Chart showing payment mandates 2007-2020, 2014
  248. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 30, 2014). "Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2014-2015".
  249. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2013-2014, April 2013
  250. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2012-2013, March 30, 2012
  251. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 the Taxpayer Relief Act information".
  252. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2011). "Report on Exceptions".
  253. ↑ Scarcella, Frank and Pursell, Tricia, Local school tax assessments exceed state averages. The Daily Item, May 25, 2010
  254. ↑ Pennsylvania Report on Referendum Exceptions
  255. ↑ Tax Relief per Homestead and Farmstead Report 2010, Pennsylvania Department of Education. May 5, 2010
  256. ↑ Property Tax Relief in Pennsylvania Special Report, Pennsylvania Office of the Auditor General, Jack Wagner, Auditor General. February 2010.
  257. ↑ New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009. Archived September 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  258. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (January 2010). "School District Enrollment Data and Projections".
  259. ↑ Fenton, Jacob., Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, February 2009
  260. ↑ Pennsylvania Legislative Budget and Finance Committee (2007). "Study of the Cost-Effectiveness of Consolidating Pennsylvania School Districts" (PDF).
  261. ↑ The Center for Rural Pennsylvania (October 2009). "Research Analyzes Rural School District Enrollment and Building Capacity" (PDF).
  262. ↑ Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (January 2011). "Report of the Fiscal Responsibility Task Force" (PDF).
  263. ↑ Edward Rendell, Governor and Mary Soderberg, Secretary of the Budget. (February 2009). "2009–10 Executive Budget Facts Pennsylvania School District Consolidation,".
  264. ↑ Murphy, Jan (February 4, 2009). "Rendell calls for consolidation of state school districts,". The Patriot News.
  265. ↑ Study of the cost-effectiveness of consolidating Pennsylvania districts. New York: Standard & Poor’s School Evaluation Services. 2007, p. 6.
  266. ↑ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Safe School Center (2012). "Pennsylvania Safe Schools Online Reports - Austin Area School District" (PDF).
  267. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (2006). "Regular Session 2007–2008 House Bill 1067, Act 61 Section 6 page 8".
  268. ↑ Center for Safe Schools of Pennsylvania (2006). "Bullying Prevention advisory".
  269. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Bullying, Hazing, and Harassment Resources".
  270. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education (January 11, 2003). "Pennsylvania Academic Standards Health, Safety and Physical Education".
  271. ↑ Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (2015). "KNOW YOUR ELIGIBILITY RULES".
  272. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release (November 10, 2005). "Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities".
  273. ↑ Eleanor Chute., New Pa. law expands clearance requirements for school volunteers, employees, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 15, 2014
  274. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (2014). "ACT 126 – Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act".
  275. ↑ Ali Stevens., Child Protective Services Law impacts schools, WKOK.com 1070AM, January 6, 2015
  276. ↑ PA General Assembly (July 1, 2012). "Senate Bill 200 of Session 2011 Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  277. ↑ UMPC Sports Medicine (2014). "Managing Concussions in Student Athletes: The Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  278. ↑ Austin Area School District Administration, Austin Area School District website, 2016
  279. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form" (PDF).
  280. ↑ PA General Assembly (July 1, 2012). "Senate Bill 200 of Session 2011 Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  281. ↑ UMPC Sports Medicine (2014). "Managing Concussions in Student Athletes: The Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  282. ↑ Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletics Association (2015). "PIAA School Directory".

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