BBCH-scale (root and stem vegetable)

The BBCH-scale for root and stem vegetables identifies the phenological development stages of the root and stem vegetables such as carrot, celeriac, kohlrabi, chicory, radish and swede, using the BBCH-scale.

Growth stage	Code	Description
0: Germination	00	Dry seed
	01	Beginning of seed imbibition
	03	Seed imbibition complete
	05	Radicle emerged from seed
	07	Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
	09	Emergence: cotyledons break through soil surface
1: Leaf development (Main shoot)	10	Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible
	11	First true leaf unfolded
	12	2nd true leaf unfolded
	13	3rd true leaf unfolded
	1 .	Stages continuous till . . .
	19	9 or more true leaves unfolded
4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts	41	Roots beginning to expand (diameter > 0,5 cm)
	42	20% of the expected root diameter reached
	43	30% of the expected root diameter reached
	44	40% of the expected root diameter reached
	45	50% of the expected root diameter reached
	46	60% of the expected root diameter reached
	47	70% of the expected root diameter reached
	48	80% of the expected root diameter reached
	49	Expansion complete; typical form and size of roots reached
5: Inflorescence emergence	51	Main shoot begins to elongate
	53	30% of the expected height of the main shoot reached
	55	First individual flowers of main inflorescence visible (still closed)
	57	First individual flowers of secondary inflorescences visible (still closed)
	59	First flower petals visible; flowers still closed
6: Flowering	60	First flowers open (sporadically)
	61	Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
	62	20% of flowers open
	63	30% of flowers open
	64	40% of flowers open
	65	Full flowering: 50% of flowers open
	67	Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry
	69	End of flowering
7: Development of fruit	71	First fruits formed
	72	20% of fruits have reached typical size
	73	30% of fruits have reached typical size
	74	40% of fruits have reached typical size
	75	50% of fruits have reached typical size
	76	60% of fruits have reached typical size
	77	70% of fruits have reached typical size
	78	80% of fruits have reached typical size
	79	Fruits have reached typical size
8: Rispening of fruit and seed	81	Beginning of ripening: 10% of fruits ripe, or 10% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	85	50% of the fruits ripe, or 50% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard
	89	Fully ripe: seeds on the whole plant of typical colour and hard
9: Senescence	92	Leaves and shoots beginning to discolour
	95	50% of leaves yellow or dead
	97	Plants or above ground parts dead
	99	Harvested product (seeds)

References

Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder; L. Buhr; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Klose; U. Meier; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: I. Zwiebel-, Wurzel-, Knollen- und Blattgemüse.". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 47: 193–206.

External links

• A downloadable version of the BBCH Scales