BMW E9

BMW E9
BMW 3.0 CS
Overview
Manufacturer	BMW (coachbuilt by Karmann)
Also called	New Six Coupé
Production	1968-1975
Body and chassis
Class	Grand tourer
Layout	FR layout
Body style(s)	Coupé
Vehicles	2800 CS 3.0 CS 3.0 CSi 3.0 CSL 2.5 CS
Related	2000 C, 2000 CS, E3 sedans
Powertrain
Engine(s)	M30 straight-6 engines: 2.5 L twin carb (2.5 CS) 2.8 L twin carb (2800 CS) 3.0 L twin carb (3.0 CS) 3.0 L fuel injection (3.0 CSi, 1971-1973 3.0 CSL) 3.2 L fuel injection (1973-1975 3.0 CSL)
Transmission(s)	4 speed manual 3 speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,624 mm (103 in)
Length	4,660 mm (183 in)
Width	1,670 mm (66 in)
Height	1,370 mm (54 in)
Curb weight	1,420 kg (3,131 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor	BMW 2000C, BMW 2000CS
Successor	BMW E24 (BMW 6-Series)

The BMW New Six CS (internal name BMW E9) is a two-door coupé built for BMW by Karmann from 1968 to 1975. It was developed from the New Class-based BMW 2000 CS coupé, which was enlarged to hold the BMW M30 straight-6 engine used in the E3 sedan.

The E9 platform, especially the 3.0 CSL homologation special, was very successful in racing, especially in European Touring Car Championship and the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft. This helped to establish BMW's status as a sporty driver's car.

Origin: 2000 C and 2000 CS

BMW 2000CS, from which the E9 platform was developed

BMW 3.0 CS Interior with Alpina elements.

The BMW 2000C and 2000 CS were introduced In 1965. Based on the New Class, the 2000 C and CS were Karmann-built coupés featuring the then-new two litre version of the M10 engine.^[1] The 2000 C had a single carburettor engine that produced 100 horsepower (75 kW), and was available with either manual or automatic transmission, while the 2000 CS had a two carburettor engine that produced 120 horsepower (89 kW) and was available only with a manual transmission.^[1][2]

2800 CS

BMW 2800CS

The first of the E9 coupés, the 2800 CS, replaced the 2000 C and 2000 CS in 1968. The wheelbase and length were increased to allow the engine bay to be long enough to accommodate the new straight-six engine code-named M30, and the front of the car was restyled to resemble the E3 sedan.^[3] The rear axle, however, remained the same as that used in the lesser "Neue Klasse" models and the rear brakes were initially drums - meaning that the 2800 saloon was a better performing car, as it was also lighter. The CS' advantages were thus strictly optical to begin with.^[4] The 2800 CS used the 2,788 cc (170.1 cu in) version of the engine used in the E3 sedans.^[3] The engine produced 170 horsepower (130 kW) at 6000 revolutions per minute.^[5]

Not only was the 2800 CS lighter than the preceding 2000 CS, it also had a smaller frontal aspect, further increasing the performance advantage.^[6]

3.0 CS/CSi

1974 BMW 3.0 CS (U.S. Model)

The 2800CS was replaced by the 3.0 CS and 3.0 CSi in 1971. The engine had been bored out to give a displacement of 2,986 cc (182.2 cu in), and was offered with a 9.0:1 compression ratio, twin carburettors, and 180 horsepower (130 kW) at 6000 revolutions per minute in the 3.0 CS or a 9.5:1 compression ratio, Bosch D-Jetronic fuel injection, and 200 horsepower (150 kW) at 5500 revolutions per minute in the 3.0 CSi.^[3] There was a 4 speed manual and an automatic transmission variant.

They were sold in the United States from 1970 to 1974, by Max Hoffman. He was the importer and sole distributor for BMW from the mid-sixties until selling his business to BMW of North America in 1975. ^[7] 1974 model cars had protruding 5 mile per hour bumpers.

Performance was very competitive with contemporaries.

Performance against competitors (1972)

Make & model	Horsepower 'SAE net'	Top speed	Acceleration 0 to 60 mph	Fuel economy
BMW 3.0CS	180 PS (130 kW)	200 km/h (120 mph)	7.9 sec	7.6 km/l (21 mpg-imp; 18 mpg-US) [8]
Citroën SM	170 PS (130 kW)	220 km/h (140 mph)	8.5 sec	8 km/l (23 mpg-imp; 19 mpg-US) [9]
Mercedes-Benz 450 SLC	192 PS (141 kW)	202 km/h (126 mph)	9.5 sec	6.5 km/l (18 mpg-imp; 15 mpg-US) [10]
Jensen Interceptor	254 PS (187 kW)	217 km/h (135 mph)	7.5 sec	4.4 km/l (12 mpg-imp; 10 mpg-US) [11]
Jaguar XKE Series III V12	254 PS (187 kW)	217 km/h (135 mph)	6.8 sec	5.5 km/l (16 mpg-imp; 13 mpg-US) [12]
Lincoln Continental Mark IV	215 PS (158 kW)	190 km/h (120 mph)	10.8 sec	4.8 km/l (14 mpg-imp; 11 mpg-US) [13]
Cadillac Eldorado	238 PS (175 kW)	189 km/h (117 mph)	9.7 sec	4 km/l (11 mpg-imp; 9.4 mpg-US) [14]

3.0 CSL

1973 BMW 3.0 CSL

Introduced in May 1972,^[15] the 3.0 CSL was a homologation special built to make the car eligible for racing in the European Touring Car Championship. 1,265 were built.

The "L" in the designation meant leicht (light), unlike in other BMW designations, where it meant lang (long). The lightness was achieved by using thinner steel to build the unit body, deleting the trim and soundproofing,^[16] using aluminium alloy doors, bonnet, and boot lid, and using Perspex side windows.^[15] The five hundred 3.0 CSLs exported to the United Kingdom were not quite as light as the others, as the importer had insisted on retaining the soundproofing, electric windows, and stock E9 bumpers on these cars.^[15][17] The CSL was never sold in the United States.

Initially using the same engine as the 3.0 CS,^[18] the 3.0 CSL was given a very small increase in displacement to 3,003 cc (183.3 cu in) by increasing the engine bore by one quarter of a millimetre.^[15][18] This was done in August 1972 to allow the CSL to be raced in the "over three litre" racing category, allowing for some increase in displacement in the racing cars.^[15] In 1973,^[16][19] the engine in the 3.0 CSL was given another, more substantial increase in displacement to 3,153 cc (192.4 cu in) by increasing the stroke to 84 mm (3.3 in).^[18][19] This final version of the 3.0 CSL was homologated in July 1973 along with an aerodynamic package including a large air dam, short fins running along the front fenders, a spoiler above and behind the trailing edge of the roof, and a tall rear wing.^[20] The rear wings were not installed at the factory, but were left in the boot for installation after purchase. This was done because the wings were illegal for use on German roads. The full aero package earned the racing CSLs the nickname "Batmobile".^[16][21][22]

Chris Amon (pictured) and Hans-Joachim Stuck won the 1973 Touring Car Grand Prix (the Nurburgring round of the European Touring Car Championship) driving a BMW 3.0 CSL

In 1973, Toine Hezemans won the European Touring Car Championship in a 3.0 CSL and co-drove a 3.0 CSL with Dieter Quester to a class victory at Le Mans. Hezemans and Quester had driven to second place at the 1973 German Touring Car Grand Prix at Nürburgring, being beaten only by Chris Amon and Hans-Joachim Stuck in another 3.0 CSL.^[23] 3.0 CSLs would win the European Touring Car Championship again in every year from 1975 to 1979.^[24][25]

The 3.0 CSL was raced in the IMSA GT Championship in 1975, with Sam Posey, Brian Redman, and Ronnie Peterson winning races during the season.^[23]

The first two BMW Art Cars were 3.0 CSLs; the first was painted by Alexander Calder and the second by Frank Stella.^[26]

The 3.5 CSL was built for Group 5 racing and BMW won three races in the 1976 World Championship for Makes with this model.

BMW 3.0 CSL Art Cars
First BMW Art Car, a 3.0 CSL painted by Alexander Calder.  Second BMW Art Car, a 3.0 CSL painted by Frank Stella.

2.5 CS

The last version of the E9 to be introduced was the 2.5 CS in 1974. This was a response to the 1973 oil crisis, such that the buyer could choose the smaller, more economical engine.^[27] The engine, from the 2500 sedan, displaced 2,494 cc (152.2 cu in) and produced 150 horsepower (110 kW) at 6000 revolutions per minute.^[5] Only 874 were made until the end of E9 production in 1975, and none were exported to the United States.^[27]

Production Numbers

Production Numbers for BMW E9 by model and year^[28]

Model/Year	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	Total
2800 CS	138	2534	3335	276					6283
2800 CSA		787	1089	73					1949
3.0 CS				1974	1172	779	267	263	4455
3.0 CSA				520	1215	1169	355	408	3667
3.0 CSi				1061	2999	2741	579	555	7935
3.0 CSiA					2				2
3.0 CSi RHD						66	128	13	207
3.0 CSiA RHD						69	139	7	215
3.0 CSL				169	252	287	40	17	765
3.0 CSL RHD					349	151			500
2.5 CS							272	328	600
2.5 CSA							101	143	244
2800 CS USA		43	415	183					641
2800 CSA USA		36	403	87					526
3.0 CS USA				132	411	450	375		1368
3.0 CSA USA				60	377	314	438		1189
Total E9 Production	138	3400	5242	4535	6777	6026	2694	1734	30,546

2015 3.0 CSL Hommage

In 2015 BMW introduced the 3.0 CSL Hommage concept car at Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este. The car is a tribute to the 3.0 CSL. It has an inline-six engine with an eBoost hybrid system in the rear of the car. As a homage to the original, the 3.0 CSL Hommage has a minimal interior to keep the weight as low as possible; carbon fiber and aluminium are used in the cockpit for the same reason. The Hommage has Laser-LED lights similar to those in the i8.^[29]

Notes

1. Noakes 2005, pp. 66–67.
2. Norbye 1984, p. 141.
3. Norbye 1984, p. 168.
4. Becker 1971, p. 76.
5. Norbye 1984, p. 167.
6. Becker 1971, p. 74.
7. http://www.e9coupe.com/faq-general.htm e9coupe.com/ Retrieved May 1, 2016
8. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/bmw/2500-3_0cs_e09/2500-3_0cs_e09/1972.html
9. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1972/127805/citroen_sm.html
10. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/mercedes-benz/c-107/c-107/1973.html
11. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/jensen/interceptor_2gen/interceptor_iii/1972.html
12. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/jaguar/e-type_3/xke_3_fhc_22/1972.html
13. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/lincoln/continental_mark_iv/continental_mark_iv_coupe/1972.html
14. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/cadillac/eldorado_1971-1978/eldorado_1971-1978_hardtop/1972.html
15. Noakes 2005, p. 85.
16. Vaughan 2011.
17. Donaldson.
18. Norbye 1984, p. 171.
19. Noakes 2005, p. 86.
20. Noakes 2005, p. 89.
21. Severson 2008.
22. Noakes 2005, p. 93.
23. Norbye 1984, p. 180.
24. de Jong 2009.
25. de Jong 2009b.
26. Preece 2009.
27. Norbye 1984, p. 170.
28. "E9 Production by Year". e9-Driven.com. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
29. "BMW 3.0 CSL Hommage presta tributo a lenda de 1972". Retrieved 2015-05-25.

References

• Becker, Clauspeter (1971), Logoz, Arthur, ed., "BMW 2500/2800", Auto-Universum 1971 (in German), Zürich, Switzerland: Verlag Internationale Automobil-Parade AG, XIV: 76
• Donaldson, Jessica. "1973 BMW 3.0 CS news, pictures, and information". Conceptcarz - From Concept to Production. Daniel Vaughan. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
• de Jong, Frank (2009). "Part 3: 1970-1975 The Ford and BMW years". History of the European Touring Car Championship & Other International Touring Car Races. Amsterdam: Frank de Jong. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
• de Jong, Frank (2009b). "Part 4: 1976-1981 The dull years". History of the European Touring Car Championship & Other International Touring Car Races. Amsterdam: Frank de Jong. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
• Noakes, Andrew (2005). The Ultimate History of BMW. Bath, UK: Parragon Publishing. ISBN 1-4054-5316-8.
• Norbye, Jan P. (1984). BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines. Skokie, IL: Publications International. ISBN 0-517-42464-9.
• Severson, Aaron (17 November 2008). "From Bavaria with Love: The BMW E9 Coupes". Ate Up With Motor - Snapshots of Automotive History. Aaron Severson. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
• Vaughan, Daniel (October 2011). "1973 BMW 3.0 CSL news, pictures, and information". Conceptcarz - From Concept to Production. Daniel Vaughan. Retrieved 2015-05-25.
• Preece, R. J. (10 June 2009). "Communicating BMW Art Cars: Interview with Thomas Girst.". ADP/Sculpture. Retrieved 2015-05-25.

External links

• Media related to BMW E9 at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to BMW 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to BMW 3.0 CSL Art Car by Frank Stella at Wikimedia Commons