Beitunia

Beitunia
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic بيتونيا
 • Also spelled Beituniya (official)
Beatonia (unofficial)

View of the city from the west

Municipal Seal of Beitunia
Beitunia

Location of Beitunia within the Palestinian territories

Coordinates: 31°53′20.24″N 35°10′03.12″E / 31.8889556°N 35.1675333°E / 31.8889556; 35.1675333Coordinates: 31°53′20.24″N 35°10′03.12″E / 31.8889556°N 35.1675333°E / 31.8889556; 35.1675333
Palestine grid 166/143
Governorate Ramallah & al-Bireh
Government
 • Type Municipality
 • Head of Municipality Ribhi Dola
Area
 • Jurisdiction 26,174 dunams (26.2 km2 or 10.1 sq mi)
Population (2007)
 • Jurisdiction 19,761
Name meaning Beitunia, personal name[1]
Website www.beitunia.ps

Beitunia (Arabic: بيتونيا‎‎), also Bitunya, is a Palestinian City located 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) west of Ramallah and 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) north of Jerusalem. The City is in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the City had a population of 19,761 in 2007,[2] making it the third largest locality in its governorate after al-Bireh and Ramallah.

History

Wedding procession, between 1934 and 1939
Salah Dein Mosque

Potsherds from the Byzantine, Mamluk and early Ottoman period have been found.[3]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine suggested that Beitunia was the Crusader village Uniet, which was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[4]

However, in 1887, Röhricht identified Beitunia with Beitiumen, another fief given by the King to the Holy Sepulchre.[5][6] Conder found this to be "evidently correct" and hence "very doubtful" that Beitunia was Uniet.[7] Abel, writing in 1931, suggested that Beitunia was Beit Uniet, mentioned in an early 12th-century text.[3]

A large vaulted building in the town, named Badd al Balad ("oil press of the village") has been dated to the Crusader era.[8][9]

Ottoman era

Beitunia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. The population was 75 households and 5 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives.[10]

The American scholar Edward Robinson noted the village in 1838,[11] and in 1870 the French explorer Victor Guérin found that Beitunia contained six hundred inhabitants.[12] Several inscriptions, dating to 187¾ and forwards, have been described from the house of the village Mukhtar.[13] An official Ottoman village list of about the same year showed that Beitunia had a total of 147 houses and a population of 481, though the population count included men only.[14]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Beitunia as "A good-sized village of stone, surrounded by olives, standing high on a flat rocky ridge, with a plain to the east. To the east are cisterns, wine-presses, and a pond (el Baliia), which contains water in winter. On the north and east are rock-cut tombs with well-cut entrances, but blocked up."[15]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beitunia had a population of 948, all Muslim.[16] This had increased by the time of the 1931 census to 1,213, still all Muslim, in 277 houses.[17]

Due to a lack of economic opportunities in the early 20th century, many people emigrated. Some went to the Chicago area, and were involved in the startup of the Bridgeview Mosque.[18][19]

In 1945 the population was 1,490, all Muslims,[20] while the total land area was 23,366 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[21] Of this, 7,854 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 8,381 for cereals,[22] while 77 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[23]

1948-1967

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beitunia came under Jordanian rule.

Post-1967

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Beitunia has been under Israeli occupation.

Separation barrier

Beitunia's land area consists of 2, 617.4 hectares (26,174 dunams) of which 336.2 hectares is built-up area. The Israeli West Bank barrier separates the urban area from 66% of the town's lands, however, most of the cut-off territory (Seam Zone) is made-up of forest and open spaces making it prime agricultural and grazing land.[24]

Salah El-Dein Mosque

Salah El-Dein Mosque is located to the west of the city and was established in 2002. It is named related to the old Muslim leader Salah Al-Dein Al-Ayoubi. It is considered one of the main mosques in the area. It consists of 3 floors and has a capacity for approximately 500 persons.

Conflict victims

Fadel Abu Zahira (9 years old) was shot and killed on 18 April 2002 in his own home in Beitunia. The bullet came from an armored vehicle and went through the window. Hussein Mahmoud 'Awad 'Alian (17 years old) was killed by Israeli gunfire on 16 April 2004 during demonstrations against the barrier.[25]

Two boys, Nadim Nawarah and Mohammad Odeh, were shot and killed in the Beitunia killings on 15 May 2014. One Israeli policeman was arrested for Nawarah's death.[26]

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 287
  2. ↑ 2007 PCBS Census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.114.
  3. 1 2 Finkelstein et al, 1997, pp. 346-7
  4. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
  5. ↑ Röhricht, 1887, p. 205
  6. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, pp. 98, 102: Beituimen; both cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16- 17, No 74
  7. ↑ Conder, 1890, pp. 30, 32
  8. ↑ Pringle, 1997, p. 29
  9. ↑ Pringle, 2009, pp. 235-240
  10. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 121
  11. ↑ Robinson & Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp. 133, 135
  12. ↑ Guérin, 1875, p. 46
  13. ↑ Sharon, 1999, p. 240 ff
  14. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 144
  15. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 8
  16. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
  17. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 48.
  18. ↑ Hard-liners won battle for Bridgeview mosque, February 8, 2004 Chicago Tribune
  19. ↑ Forget Poles: Palestinians find a home in suburban Chicago, February 7, 2013, webz.org
  20. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
  21. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
  22. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 111
  23. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 161
  24. ↑ Betunia: A Palestinian Community Victimized by the Israeli Colonization Activities Archived December 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem 2007-11-11.
  25. ↑ Palestinian minors killed by Israeli security forces in the West Bank, before Operation "Cast Lead" B'Tselem.
  26. ↑ Israeli policeman arrested in Palestinian teen's death

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beitunia.

External links

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