Beth El Hebrew Congregation

For other synagogues called Beth El, see Temple Beth-El (disambiguation).
Beth El Hebrew Congregation
Logo of Beth El Hebrew Congregation
Location within Virginia
Basic information
Location Alexandria, Virginia
Geographic coordinates 38°49′14″N 77°05′47″W / 38.82058°N 77.096268°W / 38.82058; -77.096268Coordinates: 38°49′14″N 77°05′47″W / 38.82058°N 77.096268°W / 38.82058; -77.096268
Affiliation Reform Judaism
Status Active
Leadership Rabbi Brett Isserow, Cantor Jason Kaufman[1]
Website www.bethelhebrew.org
Architectural description
Architectural type Synagogue

Beth El Hebrew Congregation is a synagogue located in Alexandria, Virginia. Established on September 4, 1859,[2] Beth El is an egalitarian synagogue providing worship in the Reform tradition.[3] Beth El's mission is to provide a safe, supportive environment that allows all individuals to continue their spiritual journeys through exploration, education, and participation.[3] Beth El is dedicated to bringing wholeness and healing to members of the congregation and the community as a whole.[3]

Clergy and leadership

Beth El's clergy consists of Rabbi Brett Isserow and Cantor Jason Kaufman.[1]

Julienne Bramesco is the president of the board of directors.[4] Moshe Teichman serves as executive director.[4]

Religious programs and activities

Beth El holds religious services for Shabbat[5] and Jewish holidays.[6]

The Beth El Early Childhood Learning Center offers a Jewish preschool program.[7] Beth El's religious school offers a religious curriculum to students in kindergarten through tenth grade.[8]

For adults, Beth El hosts religious study groups, Torah study groups, and classes to learn Hebrew.[9]

Beth El's social action projects include conducting food drives,[10] collecting baby items for victims of domestic violence, supporting a social service safety net for those in need, and serving food to residents at a local shelter.[11]

History

Early history

The congregation was established by approximately forty Jewish families living in Alexandria, Virginia, on September 4, 1859.[2] The congregation went by the name Beth El Hebrew Congregation or the alternative name of Hebrew Congregation of Alexandria.[2] For the High Holy Days of 1859, the congregation held separate services for those wishing to worship in the Orthodox tradition and those preferring a more liberal tradition.[2] The two groups decided to worship together beginning in the following year's High Holy Days.[2]

Services were conducted in Hebrew with accompaniment from a choir and an organ.[2] Services were held either in a rented space in the Young Men's Christian Association or in a congregant's home.[2]

By the 1860s, Beth El worshiped at a rented space in Stewart's Hall at the northeast corner of King and Pitt streets.[2] During this period, some of Beth El's services were led by ordained rabbis, while others were led by lay leaders.[2] By 1867, Beth El finally had a permanent rabbi, Dr. Leopold Lowensohn.[2]

First synagogue

Beth El held a Purim ball on March 8, 1871, in order to raise funds to construct a synagogue building.[2] The next month, Beth El's leaders decided to build the synagogue on land located on Washington Street, just north of Cameron Street.[2] Construction began on June 26, and the building was completed by August 1871.[2] Dedication and the first Shabbat services were held on September 1, 1871.[2] The second floor served as the sanctuary, while the first floor was used for social purposes and the religious school.[2] Three years later, Beth El purchased the land on which the synagogue was built from its owner, partially from funds raised from selling pews to twenty of its families.[2]

In 1873, Rabbi Lowensohn left Beth El, and he was replaced by Rabbi A.A. Bonnheim.[2] A year later, several members accused Rabbi Bonnheim of unbecoming conduct.[2] After some deliberation, the majority of the membership gave a vote of confidence to the rabbi, and at least four families resigned in disgust and formed their own congregation.[2] The families rejoined Beth El two years later when Rabbi Bonnheim left Beth El.[2]

Following Rabbi Ronnheim's departure, Beth El did not have another rabbi who stayed with the congregation for more than two consecutive years for several decades.[2]

First schism

In 1914, a group of Beth El's members who were new immigrants from Eastern Europe decided they preferred Conservative Judaism to Reform Judaism.[12][13] The group left Beth El and established Agudas Achim Congregation.[12] Despite the split, the two congregations remained on cordial terms.[14]

1930s and 1940s

Six days after the Kristallnacht, Beth El's members convened in a special meeting.[2] Benedict Weil, Beth El's president, proposed that Beth El hire Rabbi Hugo B. Schiff of Karlsruhe, Germany, as its permanent rabbi.[2] Rabbi Schiff had been known in Northern Virginia for his work with Rabbi Ulrich Steur of Fredericksburg, Virginia's reform congregation.[2] A graduate of the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau and Erlangen University,[15] Rabbi Schiff had been the spiritual leader of a congregation of 1,000 members in Germany.and a member of the Great Synagogue Council of Baden.[16] Rabbi Schiff had been imprisoned at the Dachau Concentration Camp.[15] Because Rabbi Schiff would enter the United States on a religious visa, the visa would be relatively simple to obtain, and otherwise restrictive visa quotas would not apply.[2]

Beth El's members enthusiastically approved the proposal.[2] Rabbi Schiff came to Beth El as its rabbi on April 18, 1939, bringing with him a Torah that had been rescued from Karlsrube's destroyed synagogue.[2] Virtually all Jewish residents of Karlsruhe who remained in the city died in the Holocaust.[17]

Rabbi Schiff expanded Shabbat services, reintroduced Bar Mitzvah and Confirmation ceremonies, hosted congregational Passover seders, organized an adult study group,[2] and held lectures about the history of Jewish people.[18] The interior and exterior of the synagogue were refurbished.[2] Under Rabbi Schiff's leadership, Beth El's membership quadrupled within nine years.[2]

In 1941, Rabbi Schiff became rabbi of the Arlington–Fairfax Jewish Center (since renamed Etz Hayim) on a part-time basis, which Beth El approved.[2] Rabbi Schiff also served as the rabbi of the Washington Hebrew Congregation during the summer months.[2] Rabbi Schiff became a professor of religion at Howard University in 1945.[19]

Rabbi Schiff resigned from Beth El on July 1, 1948, in order to become a full-time assistant rabbi at Washington Hebrew Congregation.[2][20]

Rabbi Helfgott

C. Melvyn Helfgott, a newly ordained rabbi from Washington Hebrew College, became Beth El's religious leader in 1949.[2]

Instead of a conventional sermon during Shabbat services, Rabbi Helfgott moderated a series of adult discussions on Judaism.[2] Shabbat morning services became more family-oriented.[2] A youth group was formed.[2] An adult-discussion group convened each Sunday morning.[2] Rabbi Helfgott formed a Jewish study group for young married adults.[2]

Rabbi Helfgott led Beth El until May 1953.[2] Rabbi Emmet A. Frank became Beth El's spiritual leader in April 1954.[21] A graduate of the University of Houston and Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Rabbi Frank had served as assistant rabbi for a congregation in Houston before joining Beth El.[21]

New facility

Because Beth El's membership quadrupled in size during the 1950s, the congregation began to consider moving to a larger location.[2] By 1952, Beth El held additional High Holy Day services at a nearby church, and Beth El did the same for Shabbat services by 1955.[2] By 1955, Beth El held an additional Shabbat service at a nearby Baptist church.[2] The religious school's enrollment had also increased similarly, and Beth El had begun to rent space at local school buildings.[2]

In 1955, Beth El purchased a wooded 5.5-acre (22,000 m2) piece of land on Seminary Road for $42,500.[2] Beth El sold its synagogue for $25,000.[2]

Plans for the new synagogue included a 440-seat sanctuary, a social hall large enough for 460 people, and 22 classrooms for the religious school.[22] A fundraising campaign paid for some of the costs, and a mortgage paid for the remainder.[2] Groundbreaking began on May 26, 1956.[2] and the cornerstone was laid on February 10, 1957.[23] The building was formally dedicated on September 13, 1957.[22]

Advocacy of school desegregation

In 1954, the United States Supreme Court held in the case of Brown v. Board of Education that laws requiring students to attend different public schools based on their race is unconstitutional because separate facilities are inherently unequal.[24] In response Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. organized the Massive Resistance movement to close public schools rather than desegregate them.[25]

In 1958, Rabbi Frank criticized Byrd's massive resistance movement in his sermon during Kol Nidre services.[26]

Segregationists in Virginia were quick to denounce Rabbi Frank's sermon.[2] Newspapers in southern Virginia, Washington,[2] and New York criticized the sermon,[2] and Rabbi Frank received multiple threatening phone calls.[27] while many rabbis and Christian churches in Metropolitan Washington supported Rabbi Frank.[26]

A few weeks later, Rabbi Frank was invited to speak about Judaism at Arlington Unitarian Church.[28] Due to a bomb threat; the church was evacuated and the speech was canceled.[29]

Rabbi Frank said he would return to speak at the church the following Sunday because "I have a lot to say and I don't run that easy."[27] Rabbi Frank said the bomb threat was the work "of a group of cowards who are afraid to come out into the daylight."[27] People from around the country mailed letters to Beth El in support of Rabbi Frank.[2]

At Rabbi Frank's next sermon, he said that a "Jew who remains silent in the face of prejudice leveled at another group of God's children is traitorous to the basic principle of Judaism."[30] Referring to the people who violently supported segregation, he pointed to the Jewish concept of repentance and forgiveness, saying, "no man should be so merciless that he will not forgive even the most sordid actions of men."[30]

Rabbi Frank returned to speak at the church the next Sunday.[31] In the audience was George Lincoln Rockwell, a printer of anti-Jewish materials.[31] On the church's lawn before his speech, Rabbi Frank introduced himself to Rockwell and welcomed him to hear his speech.[31] When Rockwell proposed that he meet with Rabbi Frank later to clear up some misunderstandings, Rabbi Frank agreed to do so.[31]

Centennial

Beth El marked its centennial with a three-day celebration in March 1960.[32]

Second schism

On January 11, 1962, the Jewish Community Council stated it opposed public schools having celebrations of religious holidays such as Christmas. In response, Rabbi Frank wrote a letter to the editor of The Washington Post saying there was nothing wrong with a public school having a celebration of Christmas together with a celebration of Hanukkah.[33] Rabbi Frank wrote that such religious holiday celebrations were a way to teach children to respect others' religion.[33][lower-alpha 1]

Many of Beth El's congregants were unhappy with Rabbi Frank's letter.[2] Opposition to the rabbi and lay leadership at Beth El resulted in 43 families leaving and forming in new congregation, Temple Rodef Shalom in Falls Church in 1962.[2][36]

Rabbi Frank left Beth El in 1969 after accepting a position at Temple De Hirsch, a Reform congregation in Seattle.[37] Rabbi Frank said he was proud of always speaking from his heart about what he believed to be true.[37]

Expansion

By the mid-1960s, Beth El's synagogue was no longer large enough, particularly for its religious school, which had become overcrowded.[2] A committee's proposal to expand the synagogue building included a larger social hall, additional classrooms, and a room for youth groups.[2] The expansion plan was approved in 1967.[2]

Beth El's membership continued to grow through the early 1980s.[2] With more of its families consisting of two parents with full-time careers and raising a family, fewer members were available to volunteer, and Beth El began to hiring employees to do the work that volunteers had always done.[2]

Due the growing number of congregants, Beth El's rabbi, Rabbi Arnold G. Fink, found he was stretched too thin.[2] Rabbi Amy Perlin became Beth El's first Assistant Rabbi in the summer of 1982.[2]

Rabbi Fink retired in 2002, becoming rabbi emeritus.[38] Rabbi Brett R. Isserow was named Beth El's senior rabbi.[39] A native of Johannesburg, Rabbi Isserow studied at the University of Witwatersrand and Hebrew Union College's Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati.[39] He came to Beth El after serving as associate rabbi at Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta.[39]

Notes

  1. ↑ On June 25, 1962, in the case of Engel v. Vitale, the United States Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.[34] On June 17, 1962, in the case of Abington School District v. Schempp, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored reading of Biblical verses in public schools is unconstitutional.[35]

References

  1. 1 2 "Clergy". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Silver, Louis (editor). "Beth El Hebrew Congregation 1859–1984". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. 1984.
  3. 1 2 3 "Our Vision and Values". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  4. 1 2 "Leadership". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Shabbat". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  6. ↑ "Holidays". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  7. ↑ Beth El Early Childhood Learning Cneter (ECLC)". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Religious School". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Adult Education Classes". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  10. ↑ Martin, Montie. "Alive! Distributes Food to Needy: Volunteers work to ensure holiday meals". The Alexandria Gazette Packet. December 20, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Social Action". Beth El Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  12. 1 2 "Congressional Record". Government Printing Office. September 21, 2004.
  13. ↑ "Connect: Eileh HaDevarim". Agudas Achim Congregation. Retrieved June 26, 2011.
  14. ↑ Kredo, Adam. "The big 1-5-0". Washington Jewish Week. April 23, 2009. p. 1, 22.
  15. 1 2 "Rabbi Schiff to Be Moderator Of War Meeting in Alexandria". The Washington Post. June 20, 1944. p. 4.
  16. ↑ "Hadassah to Hear Refugee Rabbi". The Washington Post. September 16, 1940. P. 8.
  17. ↑ "Gedenkbuch für die Karlsruher Juden" (German). City of Karlsruhe. December 20, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Alexandria Rabbi To Lecture on History". The Washington Post. October 18, 1939. p. 17.
  19. ↑ "Rabbi At Howard U." The Chicago Defender. October 27, 1945. p. 6.
  20. ↑ "Dr. H.B. Schiff To Be Installed As Assistant Rabbi". The Washington Post. October 22, 1948. p. 23.
  21. 1 2 "Rabbi Frank Takes Post In Virginia". The Washington Post. April 22, 1954. p. 24.
  22. 1 2 "2 Synagogue Dedications Set". The Washington Post. September 13, 1957. p. D2.
  23. ↑ "Cornerstone to Be Laid By Beth El Congregation". The Washington Post. February 8, 1957. p. D8.
  24. ↑ Huston, Luther A. "High Court Bans School Segregation: 9-to-0 Decision Grants Time to Comply". The New York Times. May 18, 1954.
  25. ↑ "Brown v. Board of Education: Virginia Responds". State Library of Virginia. 2003.
  26. 1 2 "Protestants Defend Rabbi in Race Issue: Virginia Ministers Insist On His Right To Speak Out". The Baltimore Sun. October 4, 1958. p. 5.
  27. 1 2 3 "Va. Church Bomb Scare Under Probe". United Press International. Daily Defender (Chicago, Illinois). October 21, 1958. p. A5.
  28. ↑ "Area Church Emptied by Bomb Threat: Unitarians Forced To Cancel Rabbi's Arlington Sermon Bomb Scare Postpones Rabbi's Arlington Talk". The Washington Post. October 20, 1958. p. A1.
  29. ↑ "420 Persons Flee Church: Bomb Feared: Rabbi Was To Speak At Unitarian Service In Arlington. Va". The Baltimore Sun. October 20, 1958. p. 6.
  30. 1 2 "Rabbi Frank Defies 'Religious Blackmail'". The Washington Post. October 25, 1958. p. D3.
  31. 1 2 3 4 "Rabbi Gives Sermon Postponed by Threat". The Washington Post. October 27, 1958. p. B1.
  32. ↑ "Temple Beth El Starts 3-Day Centennial Celebration Tonight". The Washington Post. March 4, 1960. p. A9.
  33. 1 2 Frank, Rabbi Emmet A. "...With Love" (letter to the editor). The Washington Post. January 26, 1962. p. A16.
  34. ↑ "Highlight Of U.S. Supreme Court's Decision During 1961-62 Term Is 'All State Segregation Laws' Out". Tri-State Defender (Memphis, Tennessee). October 13, 1962. p. 1.
  35. ↑ "Summary of Supreme Court's Actions". The New York Times. June 18, 1963. p. 27.
  36. ↑ "Reform Jewish Temple Formed In Falls Church". The Washington Post. July 28, 1962. p. C9.
  37. 1 2 "Departing Rabbi Champions 'Speaking Out'". The Washington Post. June 28, 1969. p. B8.
  38. ↑ Pope, Michael Lee. "The Singing Rabbi – Arnold Fink, 69, leaves lasting legacy in Alexandria's Jewish community". The Alexandria Gazette Packet. April 7, 2005.
  39. 1 2 3 "Torah tablets mark historic synagogue". The Washington Times. March 24, 200. p. A2.

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