Biflavonoid

Biflavonoids are a type of flavonoids with the general formula scheme (C6-C3-C6)₂.

Examples

• Amentoflavone (bis-apigenin coupled at 8 and 3' positions)
• Lophirone L and lophirone M found in Lophira alata
• Sulcatone A, a naturally occurring biflavonoid isolated from Ouratea sulcata. Extracts of the leaves of this plant, used with and with other plant's extracts, are used in many African countries to treat some infections such as upper tract respiratory infections, dysenteria, diarrhoea and toothache. Positive antimicrobial activity has been shown in-vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Escherichia coli showed to be resistant in the same study.^[1]
• Hinokiflavone, a cytotoxic biflavonoid from Toxicodendron succedaneum,^[2] Juniperus sp.,^[3] or Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki).^[4]
• Leaflets of Cycas circinalis and C. revoluta contain biflavonoids such as (2S, 2′′S)-2,3,2′′,3′′-tetrahydro-4′,4′′′-di-O-methylamentoflavone (tetrahydroisoginkgetin).^[5]
• Agathisflavone
• Cupressuflavone
• Ginkgetin
• Morelloflavone
• Neorhusflavanone
• Ochnaflavone
• Rhusflavone
• Rhusflavanone
• Robustaflavone
• Sciadopitysin
• Spicataside
• Succedaneaflavanone
• Volkensiflavone
• Moghatin, extracted from Glossostemon bruguieri ^[6]

References

1. Pegnyemb, Dieudonné Emmanuel; Mbing, Josephine Ngo; de Théodore Atchadé, Alex; Tih, Raphael Ghogomu; Sondengam, Beiban Lucas; Blond, Alain; Bodo, Bernard (July 2005). "Antimicrobial biflavonoids from the aerial parts of Ouratea sulcata". Phytochem. 66 (16): 1922–1926. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.06.017.
2. Lin, Y. M.; Chen, F. C.; Lee, K. H. (April 1989). "Hinokiflavone, a cytotoxic principle from Rhus succedanea and the cytotoxicity of the related biflavonoids". Planta Med. 55 (2): 166–168. doi:10.1055/s-2006-961914. PMID 2526343.
3. Suganya P., Rathi; Kalva, Sukesh; Saleena, Lilly M. (May 2011). "Hinokiflavone from Juniperus as therapeutic lead against osteoarthritis by inhibiting ADAMTS-5". International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 1 (1): 16–20. doi:10.7763/IJBBB.2011.V1.3.
4. Krauze-Baranowska, M.; Pobłocka, L.; El-Hela, A. A. (September–October 2005). "Biflavones from Chamaecyparis obtusa". Z. Naturforsch. C. 60 (9-10): 679–685. PMID 16320608.
5. Moawad, Abeer; Hetta, Mona; Zjawiony, Jordan K.; Jacob, Melissa R.; Hifnawy, Mohamed; Marais, Jannie P. J.; Ferreira, Daneel (2010). "Phytochemical investigation of Cycas circinalis and Cycas revoluta leaflets: Moderately active antibacterial biflavonoids". Planta Med. 76 (8): 796–802. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1240743.
6. http://www.mdpi.net/molecules/papers/80800614.pdf