Blackburn Twin Blackburn

Twin Blackburn
Role	Anti-Zeppelin fighter
Manufacturer	Blackburn
First flight	August 1915
Introduction	1916
Retired	1917
Primary user	Royal Naval Air Service
Number built	9

The Blackburn TB (for "Twin Blackburn") was one of the most specialized aircraft ever constructed - a long-range twin-engined anti-Zeppelin seaplane. It was Blackburn's first multi-engine aircraft to fly.

Design and development

The first attacks by German bombing airships on the United Kingdom in the winter of 1914-15 resulted in the British Admiralty issuing a requirement for a two-seat aircraft with long endurance to attack Zeppelins by dropping incendiary Ranken darts onto the airships in the hope of igniting their gas envelopes, with an order for nine Blackburn TBs being placed in March 1915.^[1]

The TB was a seaplane with twin fuselages, situated 10 ft (3.35 m) apart, with the pilot in one fuselage and the observer in the other, having no means of communication other than hand signals.^[2] Each of the twin fuselages was a wooden structure with fabric covering, with a tractor engine in front of each fuselage.^[2] It had fabric-covered, wooden unstaggered, unswept and unequal-span wings. The upper wing extension was wire braced to steel pylons above the wing. The Blackburn had ailerons on the upper wings only.^[2][3]

Although it was intended that the TB would be powered by two 150 hp (112 kW) Smith Static radial engines, which promised low weight and good fuel consumption, these proved to be unsatisfactory, and 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 had to be substituted, this allowing the first aircraft to fly in August 1915.^[4]

Testing showed that the two Gnome engines gave insufficient power, with the aircraft being unable to climb above 8,000 ft (2,438 m) carrying the required three canisters of 24 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken darts. The weapon load was therefore reduced to two canisters.^[2]

The ninth (and final) TB was fitted with 110 hp (80 kW) Clerget engines with the hope of improving performance. This modification was found to have little effect.^[2]

Operational history

Seven TBs were delivered to the Royal Naval Air Service. They did not see much action, four serving for a short time at RNAS Killingholme in 1917.^[2] All seven, together with the remaining two that were held in store, were broken up in 1917.^[5]

Operators

 United Kingdom

• Royal Naval Air Service

Specifications (TB)

Data from The British Bomber since 1914 ^[2]

General characteristics

• Crew: Two
• Length: 36 ft 6 in (11.13 m)
• Wingspan: 60 ft 6 in (18.45 m)
• Height: 13 ft 6 in (4.12 m)
• Wing area: 585 ft² (54.4 m²)
• Empty weight: 2,310 lb (1,050 kg)
• Max. takeoff weight: 3,500 lb (1,591 kg)
• Powerplant: 2 × Gnome Monosoupape 9 Type B-2 rotary engine, 100 hp (75 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 75 kn (86 mph, 138 km/h)
  
• Endurance: 4 hours
• Climb to 5,000 ft (1,520 m): 12 min

Armament

3 × canisters, each with 24 × 1 lb (.5 kg) Ranken incendiary darts (intended)

References

1. Mason 1994, p. 42.
2. Mason 1994, p. 43.
3. Jackson 1968, p. 94.
4. Mason 1994, pp. 42–43.
5. Jackson 1968, pp 96–97.

Sources

• Jackson, A.J. (1968). Blackburn Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00053-6.
• Mason, Francis K (1994). The British Bomber since 1914. Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.

External links

• Blackburn T.B. at the British Aircraft Directory