Blarney (code name)

BLARNEY is a communications surveillance program of the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. It started in 1978, operated under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act [1][2] and was expanded after the September 11 attacks.[3]

The collection takes place at top-level telecommunications facilities within the United States, choke points through which most traffic will flow, including wireless. This type of surveillance is referred to as Upstream collection.

BLARNEY was first brought to public view in a PRISM slide revealed by Edward Snowden.[2] The FY 2013 budget for BLARNEY was $65.96 million.[4]

Misrepresentations

Initially it was assumed that BLARNEY was the program under which the NSA cooperated with AT&T and that among the tapping facilities were AT&T's Room 641A in San Francisco, California, revealed in 2006 by Mark Klein, and another in New Jersey.[3] However, new NSA documents released on August 15, 2015 show that the cooperation with AT&T takes places under FAIRVIEW, and that Room 641A is probably part of that program, instead of BLARNEY.[5]

The new documents about FAIRVIEW also show that this isn't a larger umbrella program comprising BLARNEY, OAKSTAR, STORMBREW and others, as was said by Thomas Drake. Those programs are very similar, but associated with different companies, and may have slightly different legal arrangements with the NSA. Arrangements with corporations are associated with the NSA's Special Source Operations division (SSO).[5][6]

Legal authorities

BLARNEY operates under three legal authorities: NSA FISA, FBI FISA and section 702 FAA. Collection of data under the FISA authority requires a court order from the FISA Court (FISC) in which the identifiers ("selectors") for the target are mentioned. Although this process to acquire a court order is very time-consuming, BLARNEY collection under the FISA authority is the main contributor to the President's Daily Brief and accounts for over 11.000 product reports a year.[7]

Workings

To gather intelligence, algorithms are used to sift through the communications, and forward on, for storage and possible analysis, those which are believed likely to contain foreign intelligence. The first stage of filtering is done by the telecoms themselves, at the request of the NSA. The filters are not always perfect, and sometimes purely domestic communications are caught.

In the event that domestic communications are swept up, the minimization procedures are applied. The procedures require that most "incidental" communications between U.S. persons be destroyed, with a few exceptions.[8] The exceptions include: the content is encrypted, it contains foreign intelligence, or is evidence of a crime. This last exception allows the NSA to pass to the Drug Enforcement Administration's Special Operations Division (SOD) information relating to drug trafficking. The program has been likened to Project SHAMROCK, in which the NSA, and its predecessor organization were given daily microfilm copies of all telegrams entering and exiting the United States.[3]

SIGADs

BLARNEY is known to be associated with two SIGADs of the same name.[1] The designation for PRISM (US-984XN) is very similar to the designations of the BLARNEY SIGADs: US-984 and US-984X.[1][2] Accordingly, the speaker's notes of an NSA presentation that was released on August 15, 2015, say that "PRISM falls under BLARNEY, but is just one access of many".[7]

Designation Covername Legal AuthoritySee Note Key Targets Type of Information collected Remarks
US-984 (PDDG:AX) BLARNEY FISA
  • Counter Proliferation
  • Counter Terrorism
  • Diplomatic
  • Economic
  • Military
  • Foreign Government (i.e. Political/Intentions of Nations)
  • DNI Strong Selectors
  • DNR Strong Selectors
  • DNI Circuits
  • DNR Circuits
  • Mobile Wireless
  • FISA Court authorized communications
 Known facilities:
  • AT&T's Room 641A in San Francisco, California
  • AT&T site in New Jersey
US-984X BLARNEY FAA

Note: SIGADs not otherwise designated are presumed to operate under the legal authority of Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act (FAA)

Glossary

Media relating to BLARNEY

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "NSA Documents Show United States Spied Brazilian Oil Giant". September 8, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 Staff (June 6, 2013). "NSA Slides Explain the PRISM Data-Collection Program". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Siobhan Gorman & Jennifer Valentio-DeVries (August 20, 2013). "New Details Show Broader NSA Surveillance Reach". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  4. ↑ Craig Timberg & Barton Gellman (30 August 2013). "NSA paying U.S. companies for access to communications networks". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  5. 1 2 Electrospaces.net: FAIRVIEW: Collecting foreign intelligence inside the US, August 31, 2015
  6. ↑ Kloc, Joe (July 12, 2013). "Forget PRISM: FAIRVIEW is the NSA's project to "own the Internet"". Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  7. 1 2 See page 14 of the NSA presentation SSO Corporate Portfolio Overview
  8. ↑ "Judge's Opinion on N.S.A. Program". The New York Times. August 21, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  9. 1 2 Drum, Kevin (June 8, 2013). "Map of the Day: Who the NSA Listens To". Retrieved September 9, 2013.
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