Bond event

Bond events are North Atlantic ice rafting events that are tentatively linked to climate fluctuations in the Holocene. Eight such events have been identified. Bond events were previously believed to exhibit a quasi ~1,500-year cycle, but the primary period of variability is ~1,000 years.[1][2]

Gerard C. Bond of the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, was the lead author of the 1997 paper that postulated the theory of 1470-year climate cycles in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, mainly based on petrologic tracers of drift ice in the North Atlantic.[1][3] However, more recent work has shown that these tracers provide little support for 1,500-year intervals of climate change and that the reported ~1,500 ± 500-year period was a statistical artifact.[2] Furthermore, following publication of the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05)[4] for the North GRIP ice core, it became clear that Dansgaar-Oescher Events do also not follow a such a pattern.[2][5][6] The North Atlantic ice-rafting events happen to correlate with most weak events of the Asian monsoon for at least the past 9000 years[7][8] and also correlate with most aridification events in the Middle East for the past 55,000 years (both Heinrich and Bond events).[9][10]

For reasons that are unclear, the only Holocene Bond event that has a clear temperature signal in the Greenland ice cores is the 8.2 kyr event.

List

Most Bond events do not have a clear climate signal; some correspond to periods of cooling, but others are coincident with aridification in some regions.

No. Time
(BP)		 Time
(AD, BC)		 Notes
0 ≈ −0.5 ka ≈ 1500 AD See Little Ice Age;[11]
1 ≈ −1.4 ka ≈ 600 AD See Migration Period;[11]
2 ≈ −2.8 ka ≈ 800 BC Late Bronze Age collapse may have been triggered by drought in the Eastern Mediterranean.[12][13][14]
3 ≈ −4.2 ka ≈ 2200 BC See 4.2 kiloyear event; collapse of the Akkadian Empire and the end of the Egyptian Old Kingdom.[15][16]
4 ≈ −5.9 ka ≈ 3900 BC See 5.9 kiloyear event;
5 ≈ −8.2 ka ≈ 6200 BC See 8.2 kiloyear event;
6 ≈ −9.4 ka ≈ 7400 BC Erdalen event of glacier activity in Norway,[17] as well as with a cold event in China.[18]
7 ≈ −10.3 ka ≈ 8300 BC
8 ≈ −11.1 ka ≈ 9100 BC transition from the Younger Dryas to the boreal.[19]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Bond, G.; et al. (2001). "Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene". Science. 294 (5549): 2130–2136. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2130B. doi:10.1126/science.1065680. PMID 11739949.
  2. 1 2 3 Obrochta, Stephen P.; Miyahara, Hiroko; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Crowley, Thomas J. (2012-11-08). "A re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic "1500-year cycle" at Site 609". Quaternary Science Reviews. 55: 23–33. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.008.
  3. ↑ Bond, G.; et al. (1997). "A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates" (PDF). Science. 278 (5341): 1257–1266. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.1257B. doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1257.
  4. ↑ Svensson, A.; Andersen, K. K.; Bigler, M.; Clausen, H. B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Davies, S. M.; Johnsen, S. J.; Muscheler, R.; Parrenin, F. (2008-03-31). "A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology". Clim. Past. 4 (1): 47–57. doi:10.5194/cp-4-47-2008. ISSN 1814-9332.
  5. ↑ Ditlevsen, P. D.; Andersen, K. K.; Svensson, A. (2007-02-28). "The DO-climate events are probably noise induced: statistical investigation of the claimed 1470 years cycle". Clim. Past. 3 (1): 129–134. doi:10.5194/cp-3-129-2007. ISSN 1814-9332.
  6. ↑ Obrochta, Stephen P.; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Morén, Jan; Crowley, Thomas J. (2014-04-01). "Conversion of GISP2-based sediment core age models to the GICC05 extended chronology". Quaternary Geochronology. 20: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2013.09.001.
  7. ↑ Gupta, Anil K.; Anderson, David M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T. (2003). "Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean". Nature. 421 (6921): 354–357. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..354G. doi:10.1038/nature01340. PMID 12540924.
  8. ↑ Yongjin Wang; et al. (2005). "The Holocene Asian Monsoon: Links to Solar Changes and North Atlantic Climate". Science. 308 (5723): 854–857. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..854W. doi:10.1126/science.1106296. PMID 15879216.
  9. ↑ Bartov, Yuval; Goldstein, Steven L.; Stein, Mordechai; Enzel, Yehouda (2003). "Catastrophic arid episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean linked with the North Atlantic Heinrich events". Geology. 31 (5): 439–442. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..439B. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0439:CAEITE>2.0.CO;2.
  10. ↑ Parker, Adrian G.; et al. (2006). "A record of Holocene climate change from lake geochemical analyses in southeastern Arabia". Quaternary Research. 66 (3): 465–476. Bibcode:2006QuRes..66..465P. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.001.
  11. 1 2 Zhao, Keliang; et al. (2012). "Climatic variations over the last 4000 cal yr BP in the western margin of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, reconstructed from pollen data". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 321–322: 16–23. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.012.
  12. ↑ Weis, Barry (1982). "The decline of Late Bronze Age civilization as a possible response to climatic change". Climate Change. 4 (2): 173–198. doi:10.1007/BF00140587.
  13. ↑ Kaniewski, D.; et al. (2008). "Middle East coastal ecosystem response to middle-to-late Holocene abrupt climate changes". PNAS. 105 (37): 13941–13946. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10513941K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803533105.
  14. ↑ Kaniewski, D.; et al. (2010). "Late second–early first millennium BC abrupt climate changes in coastal Syria and their possible significance for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean". Quaternary Research. 74 (2): 207–215. Bibcode:2010QuRes..74..207K. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2010.07.010.
  15. ↑ Gibbons, Ann (1993). "How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry". Science. 261 (5124): 985. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..985G. doi:10.1126/science.261.5124.985. PMID 17739611.
  16. ↑ Stanley, Jean-Daniel; et al. (2003). "Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence". Geoarchaeology. 18 (3): 395–402. doi:10.1002/gea.10065.
  17. ↑ Dahl, Svein Olaf; et al. (2002). "Timing, equilibrium-line altitudes and climatic implications of two early-Holocene glacier readvances during the Erdalen Event at Jostedalsbreen, western Norway". The Holocene. 12 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1191/0959683602hl516rp.
  18. ↑ Zhou Jing; Wang Sumin; Yang Guishan; Xiao Haifeng (2007). "Younger Dryas Event and Cold Events in Early-Mid Holocene: Record from the sediment of Erhai Lake" (PDF). Advances in Climate Change Research. 3 (Suppl.): 1673–1719.
  19. ↑ Allen, Harriet D. (2003). "Response of past and present Mediterranean ecosystems to environmental change". Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (3): 359–377. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp387ra.
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