Brisingida

Brisingida
Brisingid sea star
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Subphylum:	Eleutherozoa
Class:	Asteroidea
Superorder:	Forcipulatacea
Order:	Brisingida Fisher, 1928
Families
see text

The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.^[1][2]

Description

These starfish have between six and 18 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding.^[3] Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae.^[4]

Distribution

Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand.^[5]

An orange brisingid on black coral at 1,950 m in California, Davidson Seamount

Taxonomy

The Brisingida contain two families, with 18 genera:^[2]

• Family Brisingidae, G.O. Sars, 1875^[6]
  • Genus Astrolirus, Fisher, 1917 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Astrostephane, Fisher, 1917 — (two species)
  • Genus Brisinga Asbjørnsen, 1856 (synonym: Craterobrisinga, Fisher, 1916) — (20 species)
  • Genus Brisingaster Loriol, 1883 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Brisingella Fisher, 1917 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Brisingenes Fisher, 1917 — (four species)
  • Genus Hymenodiscus Perrier, 1884 — (16 species)
  • Genus Labidiaster, Lütken, 1872 (synonym: Gymnobrisinga, Studer, 1884)
  • Genus Midgardia Downey, 1972 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Novodinia Dartnall, Pawson, Pope & B.J. Smith, 1969 (synonym: Odinia, Perrier, 1885) — (13 species)
  • Genus Odinella Fisher, 1940 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Stegnobrisinga Fisher, 1916 — (three species)
• Family Freyellidae, Downey, 1986^[7][8]
  • Genus Astrocles Fisher, 1917 — (three species)
  • Genus Belgicella Ludwig, 1903 — (monotypic)
  • Genus Colpaster Sladen, 1889 — (two species)
  • Genus Freyastera Downey, 1986 — (six species)
  • Genus Freyella Perrier, 1885 (synonym: Freyellidea, Fisher, 1917) — (31 species)
  • Genus Freyellaster Fisher 1918 — (five species)

Further reading

• Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351 (look up in IMIS) [details]
• Clark, A.M. and M.E. Downey. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall: London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
• Downey. M.E. (1986). Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No.435. 57pp. [details]
• Fisher, W.K. (1917). New genera and species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20(8): 418-431. [details]
• Sladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 30(51): xlii + 893 pages 118 plates. [details]
• Clark, A.M.and Mah, C. (2001). An index of names of recent Asteroidea, part 4. Forcipulatida and Brisingida, in: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. (Ed.) (2001). Echinoderm Studies, 6: pp. 229–347 (look up in IMIS) [details]

References

1. "Asteroidea". Tolweb.org. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
2. Mah, C. (2014). C. L. Mah, eds. "Brisingida". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
3. "Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences". Palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk. 2005-11-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
4. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with Description of a New Genus and Family
5. "Data Use Agreement - GBIF Portal". Gbif.net. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
6. Mah, C. (2014). C. L. Mah, eds. "Brisingidae G.O. Sars, 1875". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
7. "Antarctic Invertebrates: Brisingida". Invertebrates.si.edu. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
8. Mah, C. (2014). C. L. Mah, eds. "Freyellidae Downey, 1986". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.