Byzantine–Venetian War (1296–1302)

Byzantine–Venetian War (1296–1302)
Part of the Venetian–Genoese War of 1294-1299
Kea Santorini Serifos Amorgos Islands ceded to Venetian privateers.
Date July 1296 – 4 October 1302 Location Aegean Sea Result Venetian victory
Belligerents
Republic of Venice	Byzantine Empire
Commanders and leaders
Pietro Gradenigo Ruggiero Morosini Malabranca	Andronikos II Palaiologos

The Byzantine–Venetian War of 1296–1302 was an offshoot of the first Venetian–Genoese War of 1294–1299.

In 1296 the local Genoese residents of Constantinople destroyed the Venetian quarter and killed many Venetian civilians. Despite the Byzantine–Venetian truce of 1285, the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos immediately showed support for his Genoese allies by arresting the Venetian survivors of the massacre, including the Venetian bailo Marco Bembo.

Venice threatened war with the Byzantine Empire, demanding reparations for the affront they suffered. In July 1296, the Venetian fleet, under command of Ruggiero Morosini Malabranca, stormed the Bosphorus. During the course of the campaign, various Genoese possessions in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea were captured, including the city of Phocaea. The Genoese colony of Galata, across the Golden Horn from the Byzantine capital, was also burned down. The Byzantine basileus, however, preferred at that point to avoid war.

Open war between Venice and the Byzantines did not begin until after the Battle of Curzola and the end of the war with Genoa in the 1299 Treaty of Milan, which left Venice free to pursue her war against the Greeks. The Venetian fleet, reinforced by privateers, began to capture various Byzantine islands in the Aegean Sea, many of which had only been conquered by the Byzantines from Latin lords about twenty years before.

From April 1301, Byzantine ambassadors were sent to Venice to negotiate a peace, but without success. In July 1302, a Venetian fleet with twenty-eight galleys arrived before Constantinople itself, and staged a demonstration of force: before the eyes of the Byzantine capital's inhabitants, the admiral Belletto Giustinian flogged the population of the island of Prinkipos, including refugees from Asia Minor who had fled the Turkish advance there, which the Venetians had taken prisoner.

This induced the Byzantine government to propose a peace treaty, signed on 4 October 1302. According to its terms, the Venetians returned most of their conquests, but kept the islands of Kea, Santorini, Serifos and Amorgos, which were retained by the privateers who had captured them. The Byzantines also agreed to repay the Venetians for their losses sustained during the massacre of Venetian residents in 1296.

Sources

• Loenertz, Raymond-Joseph (1975). Les Ghisi, dynastes vénitiens dans l'Archipel (1207-1390) (in French). Florence: Olschki. pp. 100–103.
• Loenertz, Raymond-Joseph (1959). "Notes d'histoire et de chronologie byzantines". Revue des études byzantines (in French). 17: 158–167. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1959.1204.
• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1992), Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-42894-7 pp. 217-221
• Norwich, John Julius (2000). Bisanzio. Milan: Mondadori. ISBN 88-04-48185-4.
• AA.VV. Storia di Venezia, Treccani, 12 Vols., 1990-2002