Bertelsmann

Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA
Private (SE & Co. KGaA)
Industry Mass media
Founded July 1, 1835 (1835-07-01)[1]
Founder Carl Bertelsmann
Headquarters Gütersloh, Germany
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
Products Publishing, Record label, Broadcasting, Cable television, Movie production
Revenue Increase €17.141 billion (2015)
Increase €1.108 billion (2015)
Total assets Increase €22.908 billion (2015)
Total equity Increase €9.434 billion (2015)
Owner Bertelsmann Foundation and others
Number of employees
  • 117,249 (2015)
Divisions
Website bertelsmann.com
Footnotes / references
Annual Report 2015

Bertelsmann is a German multinational corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest mass media companies and also active in the service sector and education.[4][5] Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835.[6] After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, magazines and business services.[7] Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company,[8] which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family.[9][10] Since 2016, major divisions of Bertelsmann are RTL Group, Penguin Random House, Gruner + Jahr, BMG, Arvato, Bertelsmann Printing Group, Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.[11]

History

1835 to 1944

first logo of C. Bertelsmann (2012)

The nucleus of the corporation is the C. Bertelsmann Verlag, a publishing house established in 1835 by Carl Bertelsmann in Gütersloh.[12] Carl Bertelsmann was a representative of the "Minden-Ravensberger Erweckungsbewegung", a Protestant revival movement, whose writings he published.[13] The C. Bertelsmann Verlag, originally specialized in theological literature, expanded its publications to include school and textbooks, and in the 1920s and 1930s increasingly entered into the field of light fiction.[14] During the Third Reich, the publishing house gained a prominent position with its affordable "Bertelsmann Volksausgaben" ("people's editions").[15] In particular, war adventure books such as Werner von Langsdorff's "Fliegerbuch" on aviation were a commercial success.[16] Heinrich Mohn belonged to the patrons' circle of the paramilitary Schutzstaffel organization and sought to turn his company into a National Socialist model enterprise.[17] During World War II, the C. Bertelsmann Verlag became a leading supplier to the Wehrmacht,[18] even surpassing the central publishing house of the NSDAP Franz Eher.[19] Especially in the years between 1939 and 1941, the revenues of the C. Bertelsmann Verlag skyrocketed.[20] Jewish slave laborers were not forced to work in Gütersloh, but in printing plants in Lithuania with which the C. Bertelsmann Verlag cooperated.[21][22] In 1944, the Reichsschrifttumskammer (Reich Chamber of Literature) closed the publishing house to "mobilize all powers for victory".[23] Another essential reason for this was criminal paper racketeering by some publisher's employees,[24] which led to a trial in 1944.[25][26]

1945 to 1970

After World War II, the company portrayed itself to the Allied Control Authority as a Christian publisher that was part of the resistance to Nazism and allegedly persecuted. Ties to National Socialist organizations were initially denied. After it became known that erroneous, or at least inadequate, statements had been made, Heinrich Mohn stepped down as the head of the publishing house.[27] Reinhard Mohn, one of his three sons, took over the C. Bertelsmann Verlag, as Hans Heinrich Mohn had been killed in the war and Sigbert Mohn was still a prisoner of war.[28] In 1947, the Allies finally granted the company a publishing license.[29] After the currency reform in 1948, there was a market slump in the book trade that also led to the next existential crisis for the C. Bertelsmann Verlag.[30] Under these conditions, in 1950 Bertelsmann launched the Lesering (book club) to stimulate sales.[31] The customers ordered books via subscription, and in return, received discounted prices.[32] The business increasingly shifted from the publishing house to the sale of books, which was decisive to further growth.[33]

In 1959, the C. Bertelsmann Verlag was restructured: From that point on, theological literature was published in the Gütersloher Verlagshaus, a new publishing house which was consolidated with the Rufer Verlag. Fiction, poetry and art came under the roof of Sigbert Mohn Verlag. The C. Bertelsmann Verlag focused on nonfiction books, in particular dictionaries, guidebooks, reference books and journals.[34] The 1950s and 1960s, Bertelsmann expanded its activities into new business areas: Thus, 1956, the company entered the music market with the Bertelsmann Schallplattenring (record club). Two years later, Ariola, one of the most successful German record labels was launched,[35] and virtually at the same time, the Sonopress record pressing plant was established.[36] With the Kommissionshaus Buch & Ton (book and audio commissioning company), from which the Vereinigte Verlagsauslieferung (VVA) emerged, Bertelsmann laid the cornerstone for its service business.[37] In 1964, Bertelsmann purchases the already broken-up UFA from the Deutsche Bank and built on its presence in cinema and television.[38][39] In 1969, Bertelsmann acquired shares in the magazine publisher Gruner + Jahr. A merger with Axel Springer, also planned at the time, for which a loan for millions had been taken out temporarily from Westdeutsche Landesbank,[40] failed in 1970.[41]

1971 to 1983

Portrait of Reinhard Mohn (2008)

From 1971, Bertelsmann operated as a joint-stock company ("Aktiengesellschaft").[42] The increasingly diversifying book publishers were bundled in the Verlagsgruppe Bertelsmann publishing group at the end of the 1960s.[43] In 1972, this company moved from Gütersloh to Munich.[44] Key divisions remained in Gütersloh, for which a new office building was built in 1976 at the Group's official location.[45] To this day, it has remained the Bertelsmann headquarters, referred to as the Bertelsmann Corporate Center. The rapid growth of Bertelsmann led to structural and financial problems. In the 1970s, financing requirements reached their peak. From 1975 to 1980, for example, the return on sales fell below one percent.[46] Bertelsmann also encountered new regulatory rules in its home market, in particular through laws governing mergers.[47] Larger acquisitions became practically impossible. At the same time, there was an increasing saturation of the German market for the Bertelsmann Lesering,[48] whereas the foreign book clubs earned the lion's share of revenues in this corporate division.[49]

The internationalization of Bertelsmann, initiated in the 1960s, was taken further:[50] Among other things, Bertelsmann acquired shares in the publishing houses Plaza & Janés[51] based in Barcelona and Bantam Books[52] from New York City. In the United States, a location was established for Ariola and Arista Records was acquired.[53] In the period of the 1979–1980 recession, there was discussion concerning the succession of Reinhard Mohn.[54] In 1981, he finally moved over to the supervisory board. Manfred Fischer, who had previously headed up management of Gruner + Jahr, became the new chairman and chief executive officer.[55] With this move, Bertelsmann, for the first time, was led by a manager who was not a member of the owner family.[56] Mark Wössner became Fischer's successor as chairman and chief executive officer of Bertelsmann in 1983.[57] The affair concerning the forged Hitler diaries occurred at the beginning of his tenure, which damaged the reputation of Gruner + Jahr and Bertelsmann as a whole.[58][59]

1984 to 1993

Mark Wössner brought the subsidiaries closer to headquarters in Gütersloh.[60][61] In particular, this involved business development and controlling.[62] Under the leadership of Mark Wössner, Bertelsmann also took a stake in RTL plus, the first private TV broadcaster in Germany.[63] In 1986, Bertelsmann acquired a majority in RCA Records and merged its activities in the music market with the new Bertelsmann Music Group.[64] Sonopress, a company established in 1958 to manufacture records, was not part of the Bertelsmann Music Group, rather it was assigned to the print and industrial division.[65] With Doubleday, another well-known publishing house was acquired.[66] As a result, the Group ascended to become a well-known international company, and Bertelsmann was temporarily the world's largest media group.[67]

In the financial year of 1990/1991, Bertelsmann had over 45,000 employees and reached sales of 14.5 billion Deutsche Mark annually. 63% involved business outside of Germany, and the United States was the most important foreign market.[68] After the German reunification and the end of the Cold War, Bertelsmann also expanded to East Germany, as well as into Central and Eastern Europe.[69] For example, in 1989 the first branch outlet of the Club Bertelsmann opened in Dresden.[70] The later development of Bertelsmann in the 1990s was marked by the spread of the Internet as a mass medium, as well as changes to the ownership structure.[71] In 1993, Reinhard Mohn transferred the majority of capital shares to the Bertelsmann Foundation and assumed its chairmanship.[72] The foundation itself was financed by profits of the company.[73]

1994 to 2000

Penguin Random House Tower in New York City (2005)

In 1994, Gruner + Jahr acquired the magazines of The New York Times, whereby Bertelsmann once again expanded its presence in the most important foreign market.[67] From 1995, there was a new business division of multimedia at Bertelsmann. Its centerpiece was AOL Europe,[74] a joint venture of America Online and Bertelsmann.[75] Prior to that, Bertelsmann had already acquired a direct share in America Online.[76][77] The multimedia division also included mediaWays and Pixelpark.[78] In 1997, UFA merged with Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) to become a joint entertainment group based in Luxembourg.[79] With CLT-UFA, Bertelsmann was able to decisively diversify its business.[80] In 1998, Thomas Middelhoff succeeded Mark Wössner as Bertelsmann Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.[81] Thomas Middelhoff was already previously a member of the management board of the multimedia division.[82] Mark Wössner joined the supervisory board of the company and also became Chairman of the Bertelsmann Foundation.[83]

This management change coincided with the takeover of Random House.[84][85][86] With this, the group advanced to become the largest publishing group in the English-speaking world.[87] Random House was merged with Bantam Doubleday Dell,[88] and the global headquarters of all Bertelsmann publishing houses were relocated to New York City.[89] In 1999, Bertelsmann acquired the publisher Springer science media, which, among other things, was the market leader for mathematics and physics.[90][91] In the year 2000, Bertelsmann dissolved its joint venture with AOL Europe.[92] The sale of the shares in the joint venture to America Online yielded billions to Bertelsmann.[93] In the same year, Bertelsmann and Pearson formed the RTL Group from their TV subsidiaries.[94] Bertelsmann initially owned a minority in the company, and gradually built up its share.[95] Later, Bertelsmann secured the majority of the shares in RTL through a share swap with the Groupe Bruxelles Lambert (GBL), which as a result owned 25.1% of Bertelsmann.[96][97]

2001 to 2007

Under the leadership of Thomas Middelhoff,[98] Bertelsmann increased its involvement in the Internet,[99] whereby above all the investment in Napster received major media attention.[100][101] The aim of the acquisition, among other things,[102] was to stem the illegal spread of copyrighted material.[103] In 2001, the service nonetheless had to be shut down due to legal disputes.[104] Bertelsmann faced several claims for damages by the music industry.[105][106] In order to finance additional growth of Bertelsmann, Thomas Middelhoff raised the idea of going public,[107] which led to fundamental disagreement with the Mohn family.[108] In 2002, Gunter Thielen became the new Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Bertelsmann,[109] and some members of the media viewed the change critically.[110][111]

A consolidation phase followed, in order to solve the problems with the core business.[112] For example, Bertelsmann sold unprofitable e-commerce firms like the online shop of Barnes & Noble, among others.[113][114] Gruner + Jahr sold the Berliner Zeitung,[115] and the scientific publisher, BertelsmannSpringer,[116] was spun off.[117] In the 2003 financial year, Bertelsmann announced that it was investing its music business in a joint venture with Sony.[118][119] Bertelsmann and Sony each owned half the shares.[120] With this transaction, the stakeholders sought to respond to declining sales in the music market.[121][122] In addition, Gunter Thielen initiated the buyback of the shares from Groupe Bruxelles Lambert, so that the Mohn family regained complete control of Bertelsmann from 2006.[123] This measure was also financed with the sale of the music rights business to Vivendi.[124][125][126] During the tenure of Gunter Thielen, the number of employees at Bertelsmann exceeded 100,000 for the first time.[127]

2008 to 2016

In 2008, Hartmut Ostrowski was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.[128][129] Bertelsmann sold its shares of the record label Sony BMG,[130][131] and since then the company has operated under the name of Sony Music Entertainment.[132] In 2008, Bertelsmann acquired the rights to the Brockhaus Encyclopedia,[133] and from that time on, this reference work was published by the Wissen Media Verlag.[134] At the end of 2011, Hartmut Ostrowski suddenly announced that he was leaving Bertelsmann for unspecified personal reasons.[135][136] Since 2012, Thomas Rabe has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Bertelsmann.[137][138] In 2013, Bertelsmann floated part of its shares in the RTL Group on the stock exchange,[139][140] in order to finance additional growth from the proceeds of the sale.[141][142] In the year 2013, Penguin Random House became the world's largest publishing company.[143][144] Gruner + Jahr was taken over completely by Bertelsmann in 2014.[145][146] Furthermore, under the leadership of Thomas Rabe, Bertelsmann increasingly invested in the education sector:[147] In 2014, for example, Relias Learning was acquired.[148][149] The company belongs to the Bertelsmann Education Group, established in 2015.[150] In 2016, the printing business was bundled in the Bertelsmann Printing Group.[151] The Club Bertelsmann was wound up,[152] and individual distribution partners are taking legal action against it.[153][154]

Divisions

Bertelsmann is a decentralized organization.[155] This means that the divisions largely work independently. The holding handles central tasks, in the field of corporate finance, for example.[156] In 2016, Bertelsmann introduced a new structure of eight divisions:[157] RTL Group (television and radio), Penguin Random House (book publishing), Gruner + Jahr (magazines), BMG (music rights), Arvato (services), Bertelsmann Education Group (education), Bertelsmann Printing Group (printing) and Bertelsmann Investments (investments).[158]

RTL Group

Main article: RTL Group

The RTL Group is one of the leading European entertainment providers, based in Luxembourg.[159] The company runs a commercial private television and radio channels in several countries, including RTL and VOX in Germany.[160][161] In 2015, with the RTL Digital Hub, the company launched a dedicated unit for web videos.[162] In addition, production companies, such as FremantleMedia, are part of the RTL Group.[163] In January 1997, Bertelsmann merged the UFA film and television company with Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT). The merger of CLT-UFA with Pearson TV in the year 2000 marked the beginning of the RTL Group.[164] The company is listed on the stock exchange and has been majority-owned by Bertelsmann since 2001.[165][166] Following the sale of shares in 2013, the stake is 75.1%.[167] In 2015, the RTL Group had 12,258 employees, sales were €6.0 billion.[168]

Penguin Random House

Main article: Penguin Random House

Penguin Random House is the world's largest book publishing company.[169] The company was created in 2013 through the merger of the publishing businesses of Bertelsmann and Pearson.[170] With the acquisition of Random House in 1998, Bertelsmann already became the largest book publisher in the English-speaking world.[171] 250 publishing houses on five continents are part of the company, including Random House and Penguin Books, but also Doubleday, Knopf and Viking.[172] The German Verlagsgruppe Random House (Goldmann, Heyne and others), based in Munich, is not part of Penguin Random House,[173] yet it does belong to the same division at Bertelsmann.[174] Penguin Random House has its main headquarters in the Penguin Random House Tower in New York City.[175] Bertelsmann currently has a 53% stake in the company.[176] In 2015, the company had 10,582 employees worldwide, achieving sales of €3.7 billion.[168]

Gruner + Jahr

Main article: Gruner + Jahr

Gruner + Jahr is an internationally operating magazine publisher based in Hamburg. Its publications include Brigitte, Geo and Stern,[177] and the company also has a majority stake in Motor Presse Stuttgart and Dresdner Druck- und Verlagshaus.[178] In 2015, Gruner + Jahr had a presence in 20 countries.[179] The businesses in the United States have been sold in the meantime,[180] and in terms of revenue, Germany and France are the most important markets.[181] Bertelsmann has had a stake in Gruner + Jahr since 1969.[182] Bertelsmann gradually purchased shares from Richard Gruner, Gerd Bucerius and John Jahr.[183] In 1976, Bertelsmann held 74.9% of Gruner + Jahr.[184] In 2014, Bertelsmann took over the company completely.[185] In 2015, sales of Gruner + Jahr totaled €1.54 billion, with 13,245 employees.[168]

BMG

Main article: BMG Rights Management

BMG is a music publishing company based in Berlin. The BMG catalog encompasses rights to works by artists such as Céline Dion, Jennifer Lopez, Ronan Keating and Britney Spears.[186] In 2008, the company was created after the group divested from the music market.[187][188] Following the sale of Sony BMG, Bertelsmann had retained the rights to 200, mainly European, artists.[189] In 2009, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts came on board with BMG, retaining a 51% majority in the company, and Bertelsmann held 49%.[190] Since 2013, BMG has once again become a fully owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann.[191][192] In 2016, BMG became a division of Bertelsmann.[193] In the 2015 financial year, BMG was still part of the Corporate Investments segment, which included, among others, the Bertelsmann Education Group. In 2015, all the companies in this segment together achieved €624 million and had 3,415 employees.[168]

Arvato

Main article: Arvato

Arvato is an international service provider. In its current form, the company originated in the year 1999.[194] At that time, the print and industry sectors at Bertelsmann were restructured, whereby services received a higher priority than the print and machinery sector back then.[195][196] Since the 1950s, Bertelsmann has been an active service provider,[197] delivering books for other publishing companies, for example.[198] To this day, Vereinigte Verlagsauslieferung (VVA) has belonged to Arvato.[199] What's more, today Arvato offers services, for example, in the areas of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and finance, as well as information technology.[200][201] The main headquarters of Arvato is Gütersloh, and additional locations exist in 22 countries, including China and the United States.[202] In 2015, there were 72,457 people working for Arvato, and sales reached a volume of €4.8 billion.[168]

Bertelsmann Printing Group

In January 2016, Bertelsmann bundled its printing activities in digital, offset and gravure in the Bertelsmann Printing Group.[203][204] It is Europe's largest player in the industry.[205] The corporate group is located in Gütersloh.[206] Bertelsmann Printing Group includes not only GGP Media, Mohn Media, Prinovis, Sonopress, Vogel Druck and several other companies, but also Be Printers.[207] Be Printers is in turn a spin-off of Arvato, created in 2012, in order to consolidate the group's printing business.[208] The business has been under pressure for years due to declining print editions.[209] In the 2015 financial year, Be Printers achieved revenues of €742 million and had 3,415 employees.[168] The Bertelsmann Printing Group has revenues of 1.7 billion Euros and a total of 9,000 members of staff.[210]

Bertelsmann Education Group

The Bertelsmann Education Group is dedicated to the education sector.[211] It was established in 2015 and has its headquarters in New York City.[212] It includes, for example, the Alliant International University and Relias Learning.[213] The acquisition of Relias Learning in 2014 formed the cornerstone for the Bertelsmann Education Group and was the largest acquisition by Bertelsmann since the purchase of Random House.[214][215] Based on the restructuring of all divisions, Bertelsmann has not yet reported any revenue and employee figures for the Bertelsmann Education Group in the 2015 annual report.[168] According to media reports, revenues were between €200 and €300 million.[216]

Bertelsmann Investments

This division bundles the startup investments of Bertelsmann. The main focus is on Brazil, China and India, along with Europe and the United States.[168] Bertelsmann Digital Media Investments is based in Gütersloh and since 2014 has concentrated mainly on the United States.[217][218] With Bertelsmann Asia Investments,[219] Bertelsmann Brazil Investments and Bertelsmann India Investments,[220] three additional funds exist that are active in the growth regions defined by the holding.[221] Bertelsmann Investments holds equity positions in a total of over 100 startup companies, above all from the digital economy.[222]

Ownership

From 1971 to 2012, Bertelsmann was a joint stock company under German law (Aktiengesellschaft).[223] Subsequently, the company was transformed into a partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien). The general partner is a European stock corporation (Societas Europaea).[224] Bertelsmann's rationale for this move, among others, was the aim of opening up for investors,[225] thus enabling them to participate in the financing of additional growth.[226] The media commented the change of the legal structure "the turn of an era",[227] as it essentially also enables the company to go public.[228][229] This move was not ultimately implemented, however.[230][231] Today, Bertelsmann is a company active in capital markets, issuing bonds, for example.[232][233] Since 2001, the company has prepared its financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards.[234]

The new legal entity does not change any of the ownership of Bertelsmann.[235] As early as the 1970s and 1980s, the Mohn family built up the Bertelsmann Foundation,[236] which has owned the majority of shares in Bertelsmann since 1993.[237] In addition to social responsibility, tax considerations played a role in this.[238][239] Moreover, this strategy was intended to preserve the continuity of the company.[240] Today, according to Bertelsmann, the Mohn family holds 19.1% of the shares. The three foundations, Bertelsmann Foundation, Reinhard Mohn Foundation and BVG Foundation, together own 80.9%.[241] The Bertelsmann Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (BVG) has key influence on the whole group: It bundles all the voting rights of the Mohn family and foundations with ownership shares. Together, they own 100 percent in the general assemblies of the group company (Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA) and its general partner (Bertelsmann Management SE).

Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA is managed by the Bertelsmann Management SE. The Chairman of the executive board of Bertelsmann Management SE is Thomas Rabe.[242][243] Other members of the executive board include Fernando Carro, Markus Dohle, Immanuel Hermreck, Bernd Hirsch and Anke Schäferkordt.[244] In 2012, Bertelsmann created the additional so-called Group Management Committee, in order to advise the executive board in important matters.[245] Some members of the media noted that a relatively large number of women have been appointed to the Group Management Committee.[246][247] Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA and Bertelsmann Management SE each have a supervisory board that oversees the management. In 2013, Christoph Mohn assumed the chairmanship of both bodies.[248] From the family, Liz Mohn and Brigitte Mohn are also members of the supervisory boards of both companies.[249]

Locations

Since the 1970s, the Bertelsmann headquarters have been in the Gütersloh district of Avenwedde, and its layout encompasses some 26,100 square meters. The office buildings were erected in 1976 and expanded in 1990.[250] In addition to the typical facilities, the headquarters in Gütersloh also feature the Bertelsmann University, an academic institution for Bertelsmann executives.[251] In 1992, Bertelsmann purchased the Bertelsmann Building in New York City and located its North American headquarters there.[252] The building was re-sold in 2004.[253] The Berlin representative office was opened in 2003 in the Kommandantenhaus in the historic center of Berlin.[254] As part of international activities, Bertelsmann established additional locations at the corporate level (Corporate Centers) in Beijing (2006), New Delhi (2012) and São Paulo (2012).[255]

Worldwide, with all divisions, Bertelsmann has almost 350 locations.[256] The majority are in Europe, where the Group earns the largest share of its revenues.[257] Over the past years, the Group has increasingly focused on the newly industrialized nations of Brazil, China and India.[258] In Brazil, efforts have been aimed at expanding activities above all in the field of education.[259][260] Bertelsmann has already been involved in China since 1992,[261] and today all divisions are represented there.[262] In India, Bertelsmann is focused on growth in the e-commerce sector, among others.[263][264]

Criticism

In the 1990s, critical questions arose as to the role of Bertelsmann in the Third Reich.[265] It was precipitated by a speech given by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Thomas Middelhoff, on the occasion of his receiving the Vernon A. Walters Award 1998 in New York City.[266] Thomas Middelhoff portrayed Bertelsmann as one of the few non-Jewish media companies shut down by the National Socialists because it allegedly published subversive literature.[267] This interpretation was severely criticized, for example, by publicist Hersch Fischler.[268] The speech led to a broad public debate and ultimately in 1998 to the establishment of an independent historical commission (IHC) by the group.[269] This was headed by Saul Friedländer, and additional members were Norbert Frei, Trutz Rendtorff and Reinhard Wittmann. The IHC presented an interim report in the year 2000 and issued a final report in 2002.[270] It stated, for example, that the suggestion that the C. Bertelsmann Verlag mounted resistance against National Socialism was clearly not accurate.[271] The company's "shut-down as a publisher of the resistance" could not be proven.[272] Historian Volker Ullrich proclaimed in the weekly Die Zeit that the notion of the company's being "a resistance publisher" was clearly baseless.[273] The files of the IHC have been publicly available in the company archives of Bertelsmann in Gütersloh since 2003.[274]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Bertelsmann erinnert sich". Neue Westfälische (in German). July 2, 2015. p. 11.
  2. ↑ Henry Mance; Jeevan Vasagar (April 27, 2014). "Thomas Rabe, Bertelsmann CEO: from punk rock to family values". Financial Times. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  3. ↑ Christian Müssgens (August 30, 2012). "Ein Familienwächter für Bertelsmann". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  4. ↑ Ulrika Facht (June 15, 2015). "The World's Largest Media Corporations, 2015". Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  5. ↑ Henrik Mortsiefer (March 22, 2016). "Bertelsmann stellt sich breiter auf". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  6. ↑ Stephan Grimm (August 30, 2012). "Bertelsmann druckt erstes Buch". Neue Westfälische (in German).
  7. ↑ Thorsten Gödecker (July 1, 2010). "Geschichte mit Zukunft". Neue Westfälische (in German).
  8. ↑ "Capital Market Orientation". Investor Relations. Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Medienmonarchie aus Gütersloh". Handelsblatt (in German). January 30, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Es bleibt in der Familie". Wiener Zeitung (in German). October 12, 2011. p. 19.
  11. ↑ Kai-Hinrich Renner (March 23, 2016). "Bertelsmann sortiert sich neu". Handelsblatt (in German). p. 24.
  12. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  13. ↑ "Singen zu Gottes Ehre und eigener Freude". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  14. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 27. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  15. ↑ Norbert Frei; Saul Friedländer; Trutz Rendtorff; Reinhard Wittmann (2002). Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich (in German). Munich: Bertelsmann. p. 157. ISBN 3-570-00711-1.
  16. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 28. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  17. ↑ Norbert Frei; Saul Friedländer; Trutz Rendtorff; Reinhard Wittmann (2002). Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich (in German). Munich: Bertelsmann. p. 347. ISBN 3-570-00711-1.
  18. ↑ "Bertelsmann größter NS-Lieferant". Saarbrücker Zeitung (in German). January 18, 2000.
  19. ↑ Norbert Frei; Saul Friedländer; Trutz Rendtorff; Reinhard Wittmann (2002). Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich (in German). Munich: Bertelsmann. p. 423. ISBN 3-570-00711-1.
  20. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 30. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  21. ↑ "Bertelsmann im NS-Staat". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). October 9, 2002. p. 54.
  22. ↑ "Literaturnobelpreis am Donnerstag". Der Standard (in German). October 9, 2002. p. 26.
  23. ↑ Norbert Frei; Saul Friedländer; Trutz Rendtorff; Reinhard Wittmann (2002). Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich (in German). Munich: Bertelsmann. pp. 503–503. ISBN 3-570-00711-1.
  24. ↑ "Bücher im Dienst der Kriegspropaganda". Berliner Zeitung (in German). October 8, 2002. p. 14.
  25. ↑ "Bertelsmann-Chef zeigt Reue". Handelsblatt (in German). October 8, 2002. p. 18.
  26. ↑ Thomas Schuler (October 31, 2008). "Die Gabe des Vergessens". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). p. 63.
  27. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 22. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  28. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 33. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  29. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 34. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  30. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 135. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  31. ↑ Günther Bähr (August 14, 2015). "Das allerletzte Kapitel". Focus (in German). pp. 96–97.
  32. ↑ Erich Reimann (August 25, 2015). "Letztes Kapitel vor Gericht". Wiesbadener Kurier (in German).
  33. ↑ Volker Ackermann; Torsten Groth; Markus Plate; Arist von Schlippe (2011). Große deutsche Familienunternehmen: Generationenfolge, Familienstrategie und Unternehmensentwicklung (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 82. ISBN 978-3-525-40338-9.
  34. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 87. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  35. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird heute 175 Jahre alt (1950–1960)". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Superstar und Freund der Mohns". Neue Westfälische (in German). December 23, 2014. p. 3.
  37. ↑ Jan Philip Holtman (2008). Pfadabhängigkeit strategischer Entscheidungen: Eine Fallstudie am Beispiel des Bertelsmann-Buchclubs Deutschland (in German). Cologne: Kölner Wiss. p. 126. ISBN 3-937404-57-0. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Klappe zu". Der Spiegel (in German). January 15, 1964.
  39. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird heute 175 Jahre alt (1960–1970)". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Freundlicher Moloch". Der Spiegel (in German). March 9, 1970.
  41. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  42. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 37. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  43. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 88. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  44. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 91. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  45. ↑ "Gütersloh Head Office Moves to New Premises". Chronicle. Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  46. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  47. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  48. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 56. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  49. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 57. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  50. ↑ Christine Hierl (2007). Medienkonzentration und die Internationalisierung deutscher Medienkonzerne am Beispiel der Bertelsmann AG (in German). München: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-638-60658-5.
  51. ↑ "Chronologie: Die Bertelsmann-Geschichte". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). July 29, 2002. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  52. ↑ Kenneth T. Jackson; Lisa Keller; Nancy Flood, eds. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). Yale University Press.
  53. ↑ Reinhard Mohn (2008). Erfolg durch Menschlichkeit und Freiheit (in German). Munich: C. Bertelsmann. ISBN 978-3-570-01110-2.
  54. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  55. ↑ "Top-Manager Manfred Fischer ist tot". Manager Magazin (in German). April 15, 2002. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  56. ↑ Heinz-Günter Kemmer (February 13, 1981). "Rückzug an die Spitze". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Im Zweifel selbst". Der Spiegel (in German). November 29, 1982. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Die Kehrseite". Der Spiegel (in German). May 30, 1983. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  59. ↑ Gunhild Freese; Richard Gaul (July 8, 1983). "Kopflos in die Krise". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  60. ↑ Jean-Marc Göttert (2013). Die Bertelsmann Methode (in German). Munich: Redline. p. 85. ISBN 978-3-86414-393-9.
  61. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 109. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  62. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 46. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  63. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird heute 175 Jahre alt (1980–1990)". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  64. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  65. ↑ Ludger Osterkamp (January 6, 2016). "Sonopress kehrt zu seinem Namen zurück". Neue Westfälische (in German). Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  66. ↑ "Chronik: Das rasante Wachstum des Bertelsmann-Verlags". Spiegel Online (in German). October 4, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  67. 1 2 "Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA". Media Data Base. Institute for Media and Communication Policy. May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  68. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  69. ↑ "Lots of Action on the Eastern Front". Chronicle. Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  70. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  71. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 54. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  72. ↑ Bertelsmann wird heute 175 Jahre alt (1990–2000). Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  73. ↑ Jean-Marc Göttert (January 11, 2002). "Die reichsten Deutschen: Der asketische Revolutionär". Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  74. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 274. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  75. ↑ "Minderheitsbeteiligung und Joint-venture beschlossen". ComputerWoche (in German). International Data Group. March 10, 1995. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  76. ↑ Andreas Donath (January 10, 2000). "Bertelsmann: Kein Groll wegen Time Warner + AOL". Golem (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  77. ↑ "Bertelsmann And America Online Announce Launch Of Strategic Global Alliance And Plan To Restructure Joint Ventures". StreamingMedia. March 17, 2000. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  78. ↑ Ingrid Scheithauer (September 27, 1996). "Die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette besetzen". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). p. 11.
  79. ↑ "Teuflisch intelligent". Der Spiegel (in German). April 8, 1996.
  80. ↑ Gunhild Freese (April 12, 1996). "Die Weichen für das TV-Geschäft der Zukunft sind gestellt". Die Zeit (in German).
  81. ↑ "Neue Chefs". Der Spiegel (in German). June 23, 1997.
  82. ↑ "Bertelsmann will mit Multimedia Milliarden umsetzen". Die Welt (in German). February 27, 1996. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  83. ↑ "Personalien: Wachwechsel bei Bertelsmann". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). July 5, 1997. p. 15.
  84. ↑ Oliver Herrgesell (March 24, 1998). "Bertelsmann kauft die US-Verlagsgruppe Random House" (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  85. ↑ "Bertelsmann buys Random". CNN Money. March 23, 1998. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  86. ↑ Warren St. John (March 30, 1998). "So Why Did Newhouse Sell Random House to Bertelsmann Boys?". New York Observer. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  87. ↑ Florian Rötzer (March 23, 1998). "Bertelsmann kauft Random House". heise online (in German). Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  88. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  89. ↑ Thomas Lehning (2004). Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German). Paderborn, Munich: Fink. p. 121. ISBN 3-7705-4035-2.
  90. ↑ "Bertelsmann will sich Springer einverleiben". Darmstädter Echo (in German). November 17, 1998.
  91. ↑ "Bertelsmann erwirbt Wissenschaftsverlag". Sächsische Zeitung (in German). February 17, 1999. p. 20.
  92. ↑ Christian Rabanus (March 17, 2000). "Bertelsmann steigt bei AOL Europe aus". heise online (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  93. ↑ Andrew Ross Sorkin (March 18, 2000). "Bertelsmann to Sell Its Stake In Joint Ventures to AOL". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  94. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird führender TV-Sender". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). April 8, 2000. p. 25.
  95. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 57. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  96. ↑ Dan Milmo (February 5, 2001). "Bertelsmann ups RTL stake". The Guardian. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  97. ↑ Cecilie Rohwedder (February 6, 2001). "Bertelsmann Acquires Control of RTL Through Share Swap for GBL's Stake". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  98. ↑ "Thomas Middelhoff: the rise and fall of a dotcom evangelist". Financial Times. November 21, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  99. ↑ Ludger Fertmann (June 29, 1999). "Middelhoff schwört Führung aufs Internet ein". Die Welt (in German). p. 25.
  100. ↑ "Klage fallen gelassen: Bertelsmann kauft sich bei Napster ein". Spiegel Online (in German). October 31, 2000. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  101. ↑ Goetz Hamann (November 2, 2000). "Napster ist geschnappt". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  102. ↑ Nick Wingfield (May 20, 2002). "Bertelsmann to Buy Napster, Hopes to Boost Music Service". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  103. ↑ "Napster: Das letzte Gericht". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). March 2, 2001. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  104. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  105. ↑ Tim Gerber (July 26, 2003). "Verfassungsgericht schützt Bertelsmann vorerst vor Napster-Klage". heise online (in German). Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  106. ↑ "Streit um Napster belastet Netto-Gewinn". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. November 14, 2007. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  107. ↑ "Bertelsmann muss an die Börse". Spiegel Online (in German). August 2, 2002. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  108. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  109. ↑ "Bertelsmann-Chef muss gehen". Handelsblatt (in German). July 29, 2002. p. 1.
  110. ↑ "Bertelsmann: Sieg der alten Garde". Spiegel Online. July 29, 2002. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  111. ↑ Thomas Schulz; Thomas Tuma (November 24, 2003). "Westfälischer Unfrieden". Der Spiegel (in German).
  112. ↑ "Thielen zieht die Bremse". Manager Magazine (in German). July 30, 2002. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  113. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird heute 175 Jahre alt (2000–2009)". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). July 1, 2010.
  114. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 72. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  115. ↑ Alexandra Knape (June 26, 2002). "Berliner Verlag wird verkauft". Manager Magazine (in German). Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  116. ↑ Andrew Ross Sorkin (May 13, 2003). "Bertelsmann Agrees to Sell Its Science and Trade Unit". The New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  117. ↑ "Bertelsmann verkauft Bertelsmann-Springer an Cinven und Candover". Horizont (in German). May 13, 2003. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  118. ↑ "Sony, BMG agree on music merger". CNN International. November 7, 2003. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  119. ↑ Tony Smith (November 7, 2003). "Sony, Bertelsmann agree to merge music labels". The Register. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  120. ↑ Boi Feddern (November 6, 2003). "Bertelsmann und Sony planen gemeinsames Musikunternehmen". heise online (in German). Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  121. ↑ Arndt Ohler; Birgit Jennen (November 7, 2003). "Krise zwingt BMG in Ehe mit Sony". Financial Times (in German). p. 1.
  122. ↑ Ralf Niemczyk (November 30, 2004). "Sony BMG: Schrumpfkur in den Aufschwung". Tages-Anzeiger (in German). p. 53.
  123. ↑ "Aktien-Rückkauf: Bertelsmann verhindert eigenen Börsengang". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). May 25, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  124. ↑ "Musikverlag BMG geht an Vivendi". Wiener Zeitung (in German). September 7, 2006. p. 26.
  125. ↑ "Bertelsmann treibt Schuldenabbau voran". Handelsblatt (in German). December 28, 2006. p. 18.
  126. ↑ "Bertelsmann Sells Music Publishing Unit to Vivendi". Deutsche Welle. September 6, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  127. ↑ 175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future. Munich: C. Bertelsmann. 2010. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-570-10175-9.
  128. ↑ "Neuer Bertelsmannchef Ostrowski: Mehr Innovation, mehr Wachstum, keine Internetprojekte". Spiegel Online (in German). December 13, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  129. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar (December 13, 2007). "Ostrowski als gehemmter Wachstumstreiber". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  130. ↑ Richard Wray (August 5, 2008). "Sony buys Bertelsmann out of Sony BMG". The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  131. ↑ Gerrit Wiesmann; Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson (June 12, 2008). "Bertelsmann seeks $1.5bn for Sony-BMG stake". Financial Times. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  132. ↑ "Bertelsmann überlässt sein Musikgeschäft Sony". Deutsche Welle (in German). August 5, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  133. ↑ Richard Pallardy; Mathias Schindler (September 3, 2014). "Brockhaus Enzyklopädie". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  134. ↑ "Bertelsmann-Tochter kauft Brockhaus". Manager Magazin (in German). December 17, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  135. ↑ Mark Sweney (October 10, 2011). "Bertelsmann chief Hartmut Ostrowski to stand down". The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  136. ↑ Eric Pfanner (October 10, 2011). "Change of Command Set at European Media Group". The New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  137. ↑ Cornelius Rahn (October 10, 2011). "Bertelsmann Names Rabe CEO to Succeed Ostrowski in January". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  138. ↑ "Finanzvorstand Rabe löst Konzernchef Ostrowski ab". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). October 10, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  139. ↑ "Bertelsmann muss sich bei RTL bescheiden". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). April 30, 2013. p. 9.
  140. ↑ "RTL Group raises €1.4 billion through secondary IPO". Digital TV Europe. April 30, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  141. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione (March 26, 2013). "Bertelsmann Eyes $3.9B In Acquisitions Over Next Three Years, But No IPO". Hollywood Deadline. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  142. ↑ "Bertelsmann nimmt 1,4 Milliarden Euro ein". Handelsblatt (in German). April 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  143. ↑ "Penguin and Random House complete merger". The Daily Telegraph. July 1, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  144. ↑ "Die Fusion ist besiegelt". Börsenblatt (in German). July 1, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  145. ↑ "Medienkonzern: Bertelsmann übernimmt Gruner + Jahr komplett". Zeit Online (in German). October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  146. ↑ "Bertelsmann schluckt Gruner + Jahr ganz". Manager Magazin (in German). October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  147. ↑ "Bildung als dritte Geschäftssäule". Handelsblatt (in German). June 3, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  148. ↑ Ellen Emmerentze Jervell (October 21, 2014). "Bertelsmann To Buy Relias Learning". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  149. ↑ Liana B. Baker; Jörn Poltz (October 21, 2014). "Bertelsmann to buy Relias Learning from Vista Equity". Reuters. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  150. ↑ "Bertelsmann Education Group bündelt Bildungsgeschäfte". Börsenblatt (in German). September 10, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  151. ↑ Jo Francis (November 5, 2015). "Bertelsmann to merge print operations". PrintWeek. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  152. ↑ "Bis Ende 2015: Bertelsmann schließt seinen Buchclub". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). June 17, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  153. ↑ Manfred Schneider (July 18, 2014). "Vergessen, was man nicht wissen muss – über das Ende der Buchklubs". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). p. 19.
  154. ↑ "Klage gegen Aus für Bertelsmann-Buchclub". Handelsblatt (in German). August 26, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  155. ↑ "Bertelsmann Essentials" (PDF). Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  156. ↑ "Bertelsmann ist keine Aktiengesellschaft mehr". Handelsblatt (in German). August 21, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  157. ↑ Wolfgang Spahr (March 22, 2016). "Bertelsmann Reports Highest Profit in a Decade, CEO Rabe Talks China Strategy and Music Investment Numbers". Billboard. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  158. ↑ "The new Bertelsmann" (PDF). Bertelsmann. pp. 16–17. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  159. ↑ "Gelingt der digitale Umbruch?". Handelsblatt (in German). September 3, 2015. p. 36.
  160. ↑ "Companies (Selection)" (PDF). RTL Group. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  161. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar (September 14, 2015). "Der Medien-Kommissar: Die Börsenwette namens RTL". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  162. ↑ Mike Shields (June 8, 2015). "European Broadcaster RTL Starts Formalizing Web Video Plans". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  163. ↑ Thomas Lückerath (March 26, 2014). "Zukauf in den USA: RTL-Tochter FremantleMedia übernimmt 495 Productions". DWDL (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  164. ↑ James Harding; Lutz Meier (April 7, 2000). "Heute entsteht Europas größter TV-Konzern". Financial Times (in German). p. 1.
  165. ↑ "Bertelsmann Takes Control of RTL Group". Los Angeles Times. February 6, 2001. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  166. ↑ George Trefgarne (February 6, 2001). "Bertelsmann share swap lifts stake in RTL to 67pc". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  167. ↑ "Bertelsmann verkauft Teile von RTL". n-tv (in German). April 29, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  168. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Annual Report 2015" (PDF). Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  169. ↑ Rüdiger Wischenbart (October 13, 2015). "Das Goldene Zeitalter für Buchverlage beginnt". Die Welt (in German). p. 22.
  170. ↑ "Fusion abgeschlossen: Bertelsmann und Pearson gründen Buchgiganten". Handelsblatt (in German). July 1, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  171. ↑ "Bertelsmann wird größter Verleger von Büchern in englischer Sprache". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). March 24, 1998. p. 23.
  172. ↑ Wieland Freund (October 29, 2012). "Jetzt machen es die Bücher wie die Autos". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  173. ↑ "Fusion mit britischem Konkurrenten: Bertelsmann schmiedet weltgrößten Buchverlag". Spiegel Online (in German). October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  174. ↑ "Global Publishing Leaders 2015: Penguin Random House". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  175. ↑ "Offices". Penguin Random House. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  176. ↑ "Bertelsmann könnte Anteil an Penguin/Random House ausweiten". Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Funke Mediengruppe. February 15, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  177. ↑ "Zeitschriftenverlag: Bertelsmann übernimmt Gruner + Jahr vollständig". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  178. ↑ "Gruner + Jahr streicht 400 Arbeitsplätze". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). August 27, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  179. ↑ "Finanzdaten" (in German). Gruner + Jahr. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  180. ↑ Johannes Ritter (April 7, 2014). "Abschied von Amerika: Gruner + Jahr verkauft das Druckgeschäft". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  181. ↑ Georg Altrogge (March 31, 2015). "Trotz Minusbilanz: Warum Bertelsmann-Chef Rabe Gruner + Jahr auf Kurs sieht". Meedia (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  182. ↑ "Gruner + Jahr: Das lechzt". Der Spiegel (in German). May 26, 1969. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  183. ↑ "Das Nokia unter den Verlagen". Kress Report (in German). October 17, 2014. p. 6.
  184. ↑ Caspar Busse (October 7, 2014). "Verlegte Geschäfte". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). p. 31.
  185. ↑ Natalia Drozdiak; Archibald Preuschat (October 6, 2014). "Bertelsmann to Take Full Control of Stern Publisher Gruner + Jahr". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  186. ↑ "Bertelsmann geht auf Einkaufstour". Neue Westfälische (in German). July 24, 2009.
  187. ↑ "Bertelsmann gibt das Musikgeschäft auf". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). August 6, 2008. p. 15.
  188. ↑ "Wachsen mit der Musik". Neue Westfälische (in German). August 31, 2009.
  189. ↑ "Bertelsmann kauft Musikrechteverlag BMG ganz". Die Welt (in German). March 1, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
  190. ↑ "Bertelsmann forms music duo with KKR". Financial Times. July 7, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  191. ↑ Christopher Morris (March 1, 2013). "Bertelsmann Takes Full Ownership of BMG". Variety. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  192. ↑ Georg Szalai; Scott Roxborough (March 1, 2013). "Bertelsmann to Acquire Full Control of BMG". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  193. ↑ Stefan Schelp (March 23, 2016). "Da steckt Geld drin". Neue Westfälische (in German). p. 27.
  194. ↑ "Bertelsmann Industrie heißt künftig Arvato". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). June 9, 1999. p. 28.
  195. ↑ "Bertelsmann Drucksparte setzt verstärkt auf Dienstleistungen". Die Welt (in German). June 9, 1999. p. 24.
  196. ↑ "Arvato auf Wachstumskurs". Handelsblatt (in German). June 9, 1999. p. 19.
  197. ↑ Michael Delker (July 1, 2010). "Der größte Arbeitgeber in Ostwestfalen-Lippe". Westfalen-Blatt (in German).
  198. ↑ "About Arvato: History". Arvato. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  199. ↑ "Arvatos neuer Buch-Rekord". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). December 22, 2011.
  200. ↑ "Zuwachs in verschiedenen Sparten". Neue Westfälische (in German). March 23, 2016. p. 13.
  201. ↑ "Arvato expandiert nach Bielefeld". Neue Westfälische (in German). November 14, 2013.
  202. ↑ Stefan Schelp (October 24, 2015). "Neuer Chef verordnet Arvato mehr Wachstum". Neue Westfälische (in German). p. 10.
  203. ↑ "Bertelsmann bündelt Druckgeschäft". Südwest Presse (in German). November 6, 2015. p. 10.
  204. ↑ Stephen Chapman (November 6, 2015). "Bertelsmann merges entire print operation". Prolific North. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  205. ↑ Eike Horstmann (2015-11-06). "Europas größte Druckereigruppe". Neue Westfälische (in German). p. 11.
  206. ↑ "Druck-Gigant entsteht in Gütersloh". Neue Westfälische (in German). November 6, 2015. p. 9.
  207. ↑ "Bertelsmann baut neue Print-Einheit auf". Der Standard (in German). November 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  208. ↑ "Bertelsmann tauft Drucksparte Be Printers". Neue Westfälische (in German). November 1, 2012.
  209. ↑ Gerd Bergmann (March 27, 2013). "Umsatz bei Be Printers stagniert" (in German). Deutscher Drucker. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  210. ↑ "1,7 Mrd. Euro Umsatz und 9.000 Beschäftigte: Bertelsmann schafft größte Druckerei-Gruppe". Meedia (in German). May 11, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  211. ↑ "Bertelsmann to Launch Education Activities Unit". The Wall Street Journal. September 10, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  212. ↑ "Bertelsmann bündelt Bildungsgeschäft in eigener Sparte". Focus Online (in German). September 10, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  213. ↑ "Bertelsmann: Bildungsgeschäft jetzt unter einem Dach". Handelsblatt (in German). September 10, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  214. ↑ Kristen Schweizer (October 21, 2014). "Bertelsmann Pushes Into Education With Relias Purchase". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  215. ↑ Jason deBruyn (October 23, 2014). "Cary's Relias Learning acquired by Bertelsmann for $540M". Triangle Business Journal.
  216. ↑ Kai-Hinrich Renner (January 22, 2016). "Schöner Lernen am Computer". Handelsblatt (in German). p. 26.
  217. ↑ "Bertelsmann Digital Media Investments". Gründerszene (in German). Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  218. ↑ Niklas Wirminghaus (November 21, 2014). "Bertelsmann-Fonds BDMI schließt Berliner Büro". Gründerszene (in German). Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  219. ↑ Winnie Liu (October 13, 2014). "Bertelsmann Asia launches angel fund in China". Asian Venture Capital Journal. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  220. ↑ Biswarup Gooptu (April 26, 2016). "Roposo bags $5 million from Bertelsmann India Investments". The Economic Times. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  221. ↑ "Bertelsmann Investments". Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  222. ↑ Antje Kullrich (March 23, 2016). "Gewinnsprung bei Bertelsmann". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). p. 8.
  223. ↑ Martin Krause (August 22, 2012). "Bertelsmann sucht Strategie". Neue Westfälische (in German).
  224. ↑ "Neue Rechtsform von Bertelsmann jetzt amtlich". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). August 22, 2012. p. 11.
  225. ↑ "Bertelsmann lockt neue Investoren". Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (in German). March 29, 2012.
  226. ↑ Stephan Rechlin (March 30, 2012). "Liz Mohn lässt Fremdkapital zu". Westfalen-Blatt.
  227. ↑ "Zeitenwende bei Medienriese Bertelsmann". Sächsische Zeitung (in German). March 29, 2012. p. 24.
  228. ↑ Ileana Grabitz (March 29, 2012). "Bertelsmann liebäugelt mit der Börse". Die Welt (in German). p. 12.
  229. ↑ "Bertelsmann öffnet sich für Börsengang". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). August 22, 2012. p. 37.
  230. ↑ Oliver Horst (September 4, 2012). "Bertelsmann bleibt Börse fern". Westfalen-Blatt (in German).
  231. ↑ Caspar Busse (2013-02-01). "Bertelsmann sagt Börsengang ab". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). p. 21.
  232. ↑ "Bertelsmann to Market Hybrid Bonds as Europe QE Spurs Demand". Bloomberg. April 8, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  233. ↑ "Anleihen vierfach überzeichnet: Bertelsmann holt sich bei Investoren Geld". n-tv (in German). April 16, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  234. ↑ "Capital Market Orientation". Investor Relations. Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  235. ↑ Bernhard Hertlein (August 22, 2012). "Bereit zu großen Übernahmen". Westfalen-Blatt (in German).
  236. ↑ Ralph Gerstenberg (August 23, 2010). "Nur im eigenen Interesse". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  237. ↑ "Bertelsmann-Gruppe: Rezension bei Printmedien und Fernsehbeteiligungen". Handelsblatt (in German). September 24, 1993. p. 23.
  238. ↑ "Von der Welt lernen: Warum Reinhard Mohn die Bertelsmann Stiftung gründete" (in German). Bertelsmann Foundation. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  239. ↑ Thomas Schuler (August 9, 2010). "Die Methode Bertelsmann: Eine Stiftung regiert das Land". Die Tageszeitung (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  240. ↑ "Bertelsmann bewahrt Tradition". n-tv (in German). October 5, 2009. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  241. ↑ "Shareholder Structure". Bertelsmann. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  242. ↑ "Spitzenwechsel: Thomas Rabe neuer Bertelsmann-Chef". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). October 11, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  243. ↑ "Man kann alles verkaufen". Der Spiegel (in German). February 13, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  244. ↑ "Management". Bertelsmann. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  245. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar (December 5, 2011). "Der neue Machtzirkel". Handelsblatt (in German). p. 54.
  246. ↑ Bernhard Hertlein (December 6, 2011). "Bertelsmann wird weiblicher". Westfalen-Blatt (in German).
  247. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar (December 5, 2011). "Neuordnung: Bertelsmann-Vorstand wird feminisiert". Handelsblatt (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  248. ↑ "Christoph Mohn übernimmt Aufsichtsratsvorsitz bei Bertelsmann". Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Funke Mediengruppe. January 2, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  249. ↑ "Supervisory Board". Bertelsmann. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  250. ↑ Ottomar Gottschalk (1994). Verwaltungsbauten: flexibel, kommunikativ, nutzerorientiert (in German) (4th ed.). Berlin, Wiesbaden: Bauverlag. p. 220. ISBN 3-7625-3085-8.
  251. ↑ "Büffeln fürs Business". Brand Eins (in German). 2000. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  252. ↑ "Bertelsmann Inc.: Büroturm am Times Square preisgünstig erworben". Handelsblatt (in German). March 5, 1992. p. 25.
  253. ↑ Charles Bagli (June 25, 2004). "Bertelsmann Building Sold". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  254. ↑ Rainer Haubrich (November 6, 2003). "Berlins erste Rekonstruktion seit der Wende: Heute weiht Bertelsmann das Kommandantenhaus ein". Die Welt (in German). p. 27.
  255. ↑ "Bertelsmann expandiert nach Südamerika". Börsenblatt (in German). June 28, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  256. ↑ "Locations". Bertelsmann. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  257. ↑ Stefan Schelp (June 25, 2014). "Weltweit unterwegs, in Europa verwurzelt". Neue Westfälische (in German). p. 5.
  258. ↑ "Bertelsmann plant Wachstum in Schwellenländern". Neue Westfälische (in German). February 13, 2015. p. 6.
  259. ↑ "Bertelsmann forciert Bildungsgeschäft, investiert in Brasilien". Der Standard (in German). July 16, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  260. ↑ "Brain und Business: Bertelsmann forciert Bildungsgeschäft in Brasilien". Buchreport (in German). July 20, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  261. ↑ "Bertelsmann will in China wachsen". Westfalen-Blatt (in German). October 27, 2012.
  262. ↑ Petra Schwengler (January 16, 2014). "Bertelsmann verdient gut in China". Werben & Verkaufen (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  263. ↑ "Bertelsmann setzt in Indien auf E-Commerce". Börsen-Zeitung (in German). May 28, 2014. p. 11.
  264. ↑ Markus Trantow (July 28, 2015). "Bertelsmann investiert in E-Commerce in Indien". turi2 (in German). Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  265. ↑ Andreas Puff-Trojan (October 14, 2002). "Papier ist geduldig". profil (in German). p. 164.
  266. ↑ Stefan Brams (June 10, 2008). "Ein Adler für die Bertelsfrau". Neue Westfälische (in German).
  267. ↑ Gerhard Hegmann (October 8, 2002). "Bertelsmann gesteht Fehler in NS-Zeit ein". Financial Times (in German). p. 5.
  268. ↑ "Ganz geringe Beträge". Stuttgarter Zeitung (in German). January 24, 2000. p. 13.
  269. ↑ Siegfried Lokatis (March 8, 1999). "Feldpost von Bertelsmann". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). p. 27.
  270. ↑ Wieland Freund (October 8, 2002). "Bertelsmann im Dritten Reich: Der Abschlussbericht der Kommission". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  271. ↑ Nicole Adolph (October 8, 2002). "Widerstandslegende enttarnt". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). p. 27.
  272. ↑ Dirk Fuhrig (January 18, 2000). "Legende vom Widerstandsverlag". Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). p. 13.
  273. ↑ Volker Ullrich (October 10, 2002). "Ein Musterbetrieb". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  274. ↑ Stefan Brams (May 31, 2003). "Bertelsmanns Gedächtnis". Neue Westfälische (in German).

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bertelsmann.

Coordinates: 51°54′29″N 8°25′09″E / 51.90806°N 8.41917°E / 51.90806; 8.41917

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.