Carboxylesterase 2

CES2
Identifiers
Aliases	CES2, CE-2, CES2A1, PCE-2, iCE, Carboxylesterase 2
External IDs	MGI: 3648740 HomoloGene: 128645 GeneCards: CES2
Gene ontology Molecular function • methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity • carboxylic ester hydrolase activity • hydrolase activity Cellular component • extracellular space • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • endoplasmic reticulum Biological process • xenobiotic metabolic process • catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8824	436059
Ensembl	ENSG00000172831	ENSMUSG00000091813
UniProt	O00748	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003869 NM_198061	NM_001272045
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003860.2 NP_932327.1	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 16: 66.93 – 66.95 Mb	Chr 8: 105 – 105.02 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]
Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2 gene.^[3][4][5] It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.^[6]

Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.^[5]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1] [[File: [[<div style="display:block; width:58px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:174.0px; top:75px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:308.0px; top:87px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:308.0px; top:67px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:51px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:72.0px; top:120px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:59px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:54.0px; top:178px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:80px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:519.0px; top:112px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:436.5px; top:97px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:436.5px; top:117px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:34px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:403.0px; top:155px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:344.0px; top:130px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:344.0px; top:150px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:344.0px; top:170px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:39px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:245.0px; top:352px; background:transparent; border-top:3px green solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:350.0px; top:238px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:440.0px; top:302px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:544.0px; top:301px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:321.0px; top:400px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:311.0px; top:310px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:311.0px; top:330px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:321.0px; top:420px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:188.0px; top:293px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:188.0px; top:313px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:53.0px; top:326px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:75.0px; top:259px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:197.0px; top:448px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:197.0px; top:468px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:208.5px; top:809px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:326.5px; top:566px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:326.5px; top:526px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:326.5px; top:546px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:56px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:491.0px; top:545px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:163px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:79.0px; top:866px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:77px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:164.0px; top:912px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:288.0px; top:854px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:308.0px; top:892px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:80px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:437.0px; top:816px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:80px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:389.0px; top:863px; background:transparent; border-top:3px green solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:487.5px; top:842px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:386.5px; top:890px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:430.5px; top:890px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:386.5px; top:910px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:430.5px; top:910px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:180.5px; top:966px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:224.5px; top:966px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:180.5px; top:946px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:44px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:224.5px; top:946px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[ ]] |{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit]] Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1] [[File: [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:494.74789915966403px; top:463.949579831933px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:374.3333333333333px; top:354.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:365.6666666666667px; top:312px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:415.10084033613447px; top:130px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:49.3333333333333px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:135.66666666666555px; top:294.422969187675px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:50.6666666666666px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:120.28291316526614px; top:326.535014005602px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:204.08123249299723px; top:298.988795518207px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:257.3641456582632px; top:336.322128851541px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:194.28291316526614px; top:368.767507002801px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:251.0px; top:464px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:251.0px; top:484px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:531.3837535014006px; top:500.019607843137px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:88.43417366946755px; top:583.6162464986px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:88.43417366946755px; top:603.6162464986px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:326.6666666666667px; top:721.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:216.0px; top:707.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:216.0px; top:727.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:352.4341736694678px; top:571.434173669467px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:352.4341736694678px; top:591.434173669467px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:352.4341736694678px; top:611.434173669467px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:49.2408963585433px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:479.12044817927165px; top:721.487394957983px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:55.0728291316524px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:406.06162464986005px; top:721.487394957983px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:48.3865546218487px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:177.45378151260496px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:52.1176470588235px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:247.25210084033603px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:46.3445378151259px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:341.2605042016808px; top:130.666666666667px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:551.1008403361344px; top:594.717086834733px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:49.8263305322132px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:483.7871148459377px; top:188.3837535014px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:60px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:414.3333333333333px; top:409.333333333333px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[<div style="display:block; width:53.6554621848737px; height:0px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:410.6302521008398px; top:186.176470588235px; background:transparent; border-top:3px blue solid"></div>]] [[ ]] |{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Irinotecan Pathway edit]] Irinotecan Pathway edit The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP46359".

References

1. "Human PubMed Reference:".
2. "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
3. Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (Jun 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". J Biol Chem. 272 (23): 14769–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769. PMID 9169443.
4. Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (Jun 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.
5. "Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)".
6. Imai T (Jun 2006). "Human Carboxylesterase Isozymes: Catalytic Properties and Rational Drug Design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID 16858120.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene. 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (1999). "Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms.". Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID 10452915.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs.". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
• Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G, et al. (2003). "A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (6): 1443–9. doi:10.1086/344580. PMC 378590. PMID 12417987.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, et al. (2003). "Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population.". J. Hum. Genet. 48 (5): 249–70. doi:10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7. PMID 12721789.
• Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF, et al. (2004). "Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene.". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–35. doi:10.1097/01.fpc.0000054103.48725.db. PMID 12835618.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2.". Genomics. 84 (4): 661–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID 15475243.
• Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X, et al. (2005). "Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene.". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. doi:10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004. PMID 15475733.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, et al. (2004). "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline.". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
• Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38.". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 76 (6): 528–35. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID 15592324.
• Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y, et al. (2005). "Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2).". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18 (5): 327–32. doi:10.2133/dmpk.18.327. PMID 15618752.
• Fox CA, Sapinoso LM, Zhang H, et al. (2005). "Altered expression of TFF-1 and CES-2 in Barrett's Esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas.". Neoplasia. 7 (4): 407–16. doi:10.1593/neo.04715. PMC 1501154. PMID 15967118.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.