CVS Health

This article is about the parent company previously named CVS Caremark. For the subsidiary currently named CVS Caremark, see CVS Caremark.
CVS Health
Formerly called
 CVS Corporation
CVS Caremark Corporation
Public
Traded as
Industry
Predecessor Melville Corporation (1922–96)
Founded 1996 (1996) in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, U.S.
Headquarters Woonsocket, Rhode Island, U.S.
Area served
 United States
Key people
Revenue Increase US$153.29 billion (2015)[1]
Increase US$9.454 billion (2015)[1]
Increase US$5.237 billion (2015)[1]
Total assets Increase US$93.657 billion (2015)[1]
Total equity Decrease US$37.196 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
 137,800 (2015)[1]
Subsidiaries
Website cvshealth.com

CVS Health (previously CVS Corporation and CVS Caremark Corporation) (stylized as CVSHealth) is an American retail pharmacy and health care company headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The company began in 1963 with three partners who grew the venture from a parent company, Mark Steven, Inc., that helped retailers manage their health and beauty aid product lines. The business began as a chain of health and beauty aid stores, but within several years, pharmacies were added. To facilitate growth and expansion, the company joined The Melville Corporation, which managed a string of retail businesses. Following a period of growth in the 1980s and 1990s, CVS Corporation spun off from Melville in 1996, becoming a standalone company trading on the New York Stock Exchange as NYSE: CVS [2]

It later completed a merger with the pharmacy benefit management company Caremark Rx in 2007 and was consequently renamed CVS Caremark Corporation. The company was renamed CVS Health in 2014 following its decision to remove tobacco products from CVS Pharmacy story shelves. CVS Health's assets include CVS Pharmacy, CVS Caremark, CVS Speciality, and the retail clinic MinuteClinic. In 2016, it ranked seventh on the Fortune 500 and 18th on the Fortune Global 500 list. [3][4]

Company Name

CVS began as Melville Corporation,[5][6] formerly based in Rye, New York. The CVS name once stood for Consumer Value Stores; though Thomas Ryan, CVS Health's former CEO, has said he now considers it to stand for "Convenience, Value and Service".[7]

Caremark was established by James M. Sweeney in 1979, as Home Health Care of America (HHCA), incorporated in Delaware, with corporate headquarters in Irvine, California. The first office was opened in Beachwood, Ohio, with four employees, in conjunction with Ezra Steiger, of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Steiger's Hyperalimentation Team worked closely to provide supplies at home for their parenteral therapy patients. Satellite offices were subsequently opened in Atlanta, Philadelphia, Houston, Chicago, and Irvine. HHCA changed its name to Caremark in 1985. In 1987, Caremark was acquired by Baxter International. In 1991 when Caremark was Baxter International's home infusion subsidiary, Caremark was accused by the United States government of "paying doctors to steer patients to its intravenous drug service."[8] Caremark was fined $160 million for the "four-year-long federal mail-fraud and kickback" scheme in which the "home-infusion business unit made weekly payments to scores of doctors that averaged about $75 per patient for referring those patients to its services. Some doctors earned as much as $80,000 a year from the kickbacks, according to government documents."[8] In 1992, Baxter spun off Caremark as a public company. Caremark sold its home infusion service and successfully branched out to four units, "a physician practice management unit, a prescription benefits management unit, a disease state management service aimed at treating high-cost, chronic diseases and an international division."[8] In 1996, Caremark merged with Birmingham, Alabama, based MedPartners/Mullikin, Inc., with the combined company being called MedPartners, Inc. In 1998, MedPartners changed its name to Caremark Rx.[9]

On September 3, 2014, it was announced that CVS as of midnight on Tuesday Sept 2, 2014 will no longer sell tobacco at all of its 7,700 locations nationwide, which is a month earlier than previously planned. The company also announced that it would change its corporate name to CVS Health, in order to reflect "its broader health care commitment", and also a desire to change the future health of Americans, although all retail stores will continue to be called "CVS/Pharmacy".[10][11][12]

History & Timeline

1960s[13]

1970s[14]

1980s[15]

1990s

2000s

2010s

Subsidiaries & Assets

CVS Pharmacy®

CVS Pharmacy is one of the largest retail pharmacy chains in the United States, with 9,600 stores located in 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, operating primarily under the CVS Pharmacy, CVS, Longs Drugs, Navarro Discount Pharmacy and Drogaria Onofre names.[35] CVS Pharmacy fills more than one of every five prescriptions in the United States, and 76% of the U.S. population now lives within 5 miles of a CVS Pharmacy. The ExtraCare loyalty program boasts over 70 million cardholders, making it the largest retail loyalty program in the country.[36]

MinuteClinic®

MinuteClinic retail medical clinics operate inside CVS Pharmacy locations within the United States. It is the largest walk-in medical clinic in the United States, with over 1,100 locations in 33 states and the District of Columbia. More than 50 percent of the U.S. population now lives within 10 miles of a MinuteClinic.[37]

CVS Caremark®

CVS Caremark provides comprehensive prescription benefit management services including mail order pharmacy services, specialty pharmacy and infusion services, plan design and administration, formulary management and claims processing. The company’s clients are primarily employers, insurance companies, unions, government employee groups, health plans, Managed Medicaid plans and other sponsors of health benefit plans and individuals throughout the United States. CVS Caremark manages the dispensing of prescription drugs for more than 75 million plan members. through five mail order pharmacies, specialty pharmacies, long-term care pharmacies and national network of more than 68,000 retail pharmacies, consisting of approximately 41,000 chain pharmacies and 27,000 independent pharmacies. [38]

CVS Specialty™

CVS Specialty is the specialty pharmacy division that provides specialty pharmacy services for individuals with chronic or genetic diseases who require complex and expensive drug therapies. CVS Health operate 24 retail specialty pharmacy stores and 11 specialty mail order pharmacies, making them the largest specialty pharmacy in the United States. [39]

Drogaria Onofre

Drogaria Onofre is a Brazilian drug chain acquired by CVS Health in February 2013. It has 47 stores in five states in the country and operates branches in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Jose dos Campos and Santos.[40]

Longs Drugs

Longs Drugs is a retail pharmacy chain with approximately 40 drug stores throughout the state of Hawaii. The company was acquired by CVS Health in October 2008 and is operated as as separate brand. [41]

Navarro Discount Pharmacy

Navarro is a pharmacy chain, photo service, and pharmacy benefit manager in the United States. The company was acquired by CVS Health in September, 2014 and is operated as a separate brand of CVS Health. The company mainly operates in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties and currently has 33 stores. [42]

Accordant®

Accordant provides rare disease case management and care management services for patients with rare, chronic diseases and their caregivers. Clients are primarily health plans, employers, and third party administrators (TPAs). The company is operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS Health Corporation.[43]

Coram®

Coram is one of the nation’s largest providers of infusion services, clinical and compliance monitoring and individual patient counseling and education. Coram cares for 140,000 patients annually through a national network of more than 85 locations as well as the largest home infusion network in the United States. [44] The company was acquired by CVS Health in August 2015 and is operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS Health Corporation. [45]

Omnicare®

Omnicare is a provider of pharmacy services to the long-term care market for patients in skilled nursing and assisted living facilities throughout North America. The company was acquired by CVS Health in August 2015 and is operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of CVS Health Corporation. [46]

Store Brands & Private Label Brands

CVS Health offers a number of over-the-counter private label brands in their retail pharmacy stores, including grocery brands Gold Emblem™ and Gold Emblem Abound™; household products under the Total Home name; preservative-free vitamins and supplements under the radiance® PLATINUM line; and beauty and skin products through the Beauty 360, Nuance Salma Hayek, Makeup Academy, Skin+Pharmacy, and Essence of Beauty lines. [47]

Community Involvement & Philanthropy

Tobacco Products Removed from Stores

On February 5, 2014 CVS announced that the company would discontinue the sale of all tobacco and cigarette products from their stores by October 1, 2014. In a statement explaining the change, CVS President & CEO Larry J. Merlo said, "We came to the decision that cigarettes and providing health care just don't go together in the same setting."[50]

Criticism and Controversy

On August 22, 2001, CVS Corp was sued for purchasing Trio Drugs' records which should be kept confidential.[51]

Elensys

In 1998, the Washington Post reported that CVS Corporation appeared to be sharing prescription drug information with the Woburn, Massachusetts, based marketing company, Elensys. According to the Post, Elensys received information on specific prescription drugs that individual CVS customers had purchased and used this information to send targeted direct mailings urging customers to renew prescriptions and promoting other products in which they might be interested. CVS and Elensys argued that there were no privacy issues because Elensys was acting solely as a contractor to CVS, and because the purpose of the mailings was to educate consumers. CVS claimed that it never shared customers' medical histories with Elensys (despite the Washington Post's indirect evidence that they had). George D. Lundberg, editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association, called the practice "a gross invasion" of privacy. Following a firestorm of criticism and complaints by consumers, CVS discontinued the relationship with Elensys, and moved the practice in-house.

Boston Prescriptions

During 2005, a series of prescription mistakes came to light in some of CVS Corporation's Boston-area stores. An investigation confirmed 62 errors or quality problems going back to 2002. In February 2006, the state Board of Pharmacy announced that the non-profit Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) would monitor all Massachusetts stores for the next two years.[52]

Health and Medicare Fraud

In the late 1980s and early 1990s Caremark RX was involved in a number of health fraud and Medicare fraud scandals.[53][54] The combined price to settle this dispute with the U.S. Government cost the company over $250 million.[55]

Pharmaceutical Kickbacks

In 2005, Caremark Rx paid $137.5 million to settle federal lawsuits filed by whistle-blowers that accused a company it acquired in 2003 of improper dealings with pharmaceutical manufacturers.

The lawsuits said that the acquired company, AdvancePCS, accepted kickbacks from drug makers to promote their products over those of rivals under contracts with government programs including the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program, the Mail Handlers Health Benefit Program and Medicare health maintenance plans.

There was no admission of wrongdoing by Caremark or AdvancePCS.

CVS Caremark Corp. has changed their practices. The formulary revision process considers manufacturer rebates, payments from drug manufacturers for low placement on PBM formularies, along with average wholesale price (AWP), drug availability, and bulk discounts when choosing at which co-pay a brand name drug should be placed.[56]

Deceptive Business Practices

In February 2008, CVS settled a large civil lawsuit for deceptive business practices. The Kaiser Family Foundation reported:[57]

CVS has agreed to a $38.5 million settlement in a multi-state civil deceptive-practices lawsuit against pharmacy benefit manager Caremark filed by 28 attorneys general, the Chicago Tribune reports.[58] The attorneys general, led by Lisa Madigan (D) of Illinois and Douglas Ganslar (D) of Maryland, allege that Caremark "engaged in deceptive business practices" by informing physicians that patients or health plans could save money if patients were switched to certain brand-name prescription drugs (Miller, Chicago Tribune, 2/14).[58]
However, the switch often saved patients and health plans only small amounts or increased their costs, while increasing Caremark's profits, Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal (D) said (Levick, Hartford Courant, 2/15).[59] Pennsylvania Attorney General Tom Corbett (R) said the PBM[60] kept discounts and rebates that should have been passed on to employers and patients (Levy, AP/San Francisco Chronicle, 2/14).[61] In addition, Caremark did not "adequately inform doctors" of the full financial effect of the switch and did not disclose that the switch would increase Caremark's profits, the lawsuit alleges (Chicago Tribune, 2/14).[58]
...The settlement prohibits CVS from requesting prescription drug switches in certain cases, such as when the cost to the patient would be higher with the new prescription drug; when the original prescription drug's patent will expire within six months; and when patients were switched from a similar prescription drug within the previous two years (Hartford Courant, 2/15).[59] Patients also have the ability to decline a switch from the prescribed treatment to the prescription offered by the pharmacy under the settlement, Madigan said (Bloomberg News/Philadelphia Inquirer, 2/15).[62]

Rhode Island Senate Corruption Case

In 2008, two former CVS executives, John R. "Jack" Kramer and Carlos Ortiz, were charged with 20 counts of mail fraud, bribery and conspiracy in relation to Operation Dollar Bill, a probe of corruption in the Rhode Island General Assembly. Kramer and Ortiz hired former State Senator John Celona, who currently is serving 2½ years on corruption charges involving CVS and other companies, as a media consultant for $12,000 a year. Celona was known for walking out on a pharmacy choice vote in the state senate while on the CVS payroll. Despite originally claiming CVS never bought any favors in his own trial, he testified against Kramer and Ortiz as the prosecution's star witness. On May 31, 2008, Kramer and Ortiz were acquitted on all counts. One juror went on the record as saying “My perception living in Rhode Island all my life is, 'Yeah, this probably did go on', but I didn't see any proof beyond a reasonable doubt that CVS did this.”[63]

Business Practices Under Investigation

On May 4, 2010, CVS Caremark Corp. announced that its business practices were being investigated by a group of 24 states, along with the District of Columbia and Los Angeles County. At issue is the post-merger relationship between CVS and Caremark. In addition, the company had earlier acknowledged in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that it had received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, requiring the company to provide information regarding the incentives the company provides to customers who transfer their prescriptions to CVS, including gift cards, goods and other incentives.[64]

FTC Charges: Privacy & HIPAA

On February 18, 2009, CVS Caremark agreed to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that it failed to take reasonable and appropriate security measures to protect the sensitive financial and medical information of its customers and employees, in violation of federal law. In a separate but related agreement, the company’s pharmacy chain also has agreed to pay $2.25 million to resolve Department of Health and Human Services allegations that it violated the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).[65]

FTC Deceptive Pricing Charges

On January 12, 2012, CVS Caremark paid $5 million to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that it misrepresented the prices of certain Medicare Part D prescription drugs – including drugs used to treat breast cancer symptoms and epilepsy – at CVS and Walgreens pharmacies.[66]

DEA Investigation into Oxycodone Diversion

See also: Drug diversion

According to the U.S. Justice Department, in 2011 CVS pharmacies in Sanford, Florida, ordered enough painkillers to supply a population eight times its size. Sanford has a population of 53,000 but the supply would support 400,000.[67] According to the Drug Enforcement Administration, in 2010 a single CVS pharmacy in Sanford ordered 1.8 million Oxycodone pills, an average of 137,994 pills a month. Other pharmacy customers in Florida averaged 5,364 oxycodone pills a month. DEA investigators serving a warrant to a CVS pharmacy in Sanford on October 18, 2011, noted that "approximately every third car that came through the drive-thru lane had prescriptions for oxycodone or hydrocodone". According to the DEA, a pharmacist at that location stated to investigators that "her customers often requested certain brands of oxycodone using street slang", an indicator that the drugs were being diverted and not used for legitimate pain management. In response, CVS in a statement issued February 17 in response to opioid trafficking questions from USA Today said the company is committed to working with the DEA and had taken "significant actions to ensure appropriate dispensing of painkillers in Florida".[68]

Restatements

On November 15, 1999, CVS announced a restatement of its financial results for 1997 and 1998 following a Securities and Exchange Commission review of acquisition-related charges.[69]

On February 25, 2005, CVS said it was reducing its previously announced fourth-quarter earnings by $40.5 million, to reflect the way it accounted for leased properties in its results.[70]

Opioid Crisis

In September 2016, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey announced a $795,000 settlement where CVS agrees to check a state database before filling the prescription for addictive opioids and other controlled substances. The settlement resolves previous allegations that the drugstore chain failed to provide access the state of Massachusetts Prescription Monitoring Program.[71]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "2015 annual results". CVS Health Corp.
  2. ↑ "CVS Corporation History". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  3. ↑ "CVS Health: Fortune 500". Fortune 500. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  4. ↑ "CVS Health: Fortune Global 500". Fortune Global 500. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  5. ↑ "CVS-Caremark-Dec-1996-8-K". Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  6. ↑ "CVS-Caremark-Jun-1996-8-K". Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  7. ↑ Berlinski, Peter (January–February 2006). "Ryan Preaches PL to CVS Team". Private Label Magazine. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  8. 1 2 3 Yates, Ronald E. (19 June 1995). "Caremark Wounds Not Deep Penalty Could Have Been More Damaging". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  9. ↑ "Hoover's Profile: Caremark Pharmacy Services". Answers.com. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  10. ↑ Japsen, Bruce. "CVS Stops Tobacco Sales Today, Changes Name To Reflect New Era". Forbes. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  11. ↑ O'Donnel, Jayne; Ungar, Laura. "CVS stops selling tobacco, offers quit-smoking programs". USA Today. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "CVS Stops Tobacco Sales Sooner Than Planned, Changes Name". NBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  14. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  15. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  16. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  17. ↑ "Melville Corp, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Mar 29, 1995". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Melville Corp, Form 8-K, Annual Report, Filing Date December 4, 1995". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Oct 20, 2016.
  19. ↑ "CVS Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 30, 1997". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  20. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 3, 1998". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  21. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Nov 14, 2000". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  22. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  23. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 6, 2004" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  24. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jun 30, 2006" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  25. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K/A, Filing Date Aug 8, 2006". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  26. ↑ "CVS focused on integrating mergers". Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  27. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Mar 23, 2007". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  28. ↑ "CVS Caremark, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Oct 20, 2008". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 29, 2013.
  29. ↑ "History: CVS Health Corporate Website". Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  30. ↑ "CVS Caremark to Stop Selling Tobacco at all CVS/pharmacy Locations". PRNewswire. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "CVS Stops Tobacco Sales Sooner Than Planned, Changes Name". NBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  32. ↑ Randy Hofbauer (2014-07-14). "CVS to acquire Navarro Discount Pharmacy". Store Brands magazine, Stagnito Business Information. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  33. ↑ "CVS Health Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date August 18, 2015". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Oct 20, 2016.
  34. ↑ "CVS Health Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date December 16, 2015". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Oct 20, 2016.
  35. ↑ "CVS/pharmacy". CVS Health. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  36. ↑ "CVS Health 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 20 Oct 2016.
  37. ↑ "CVS Health 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 20 Oct 2016.
  38. ↑ "CVS Health 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 20 Oct 2016.
  39. ↑ "CVS Health 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 20 Oct 2016.
  40. ↑ "Drogaria Onofre website". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  41. ↑ "CVS Caremark Reports Successful Tender Offer for Longs Drug Stores Shares". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  42. ↑ "CVS Health Completes Purchase of Navarro Discount Pharmacy". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  43. ↑ "Accordant website". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  44. ↑ "CVS Health 2015 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 20 Oct 2016.
  45. ↑ "CVS Caremark Completes Acquisition of Coram Infusion Business from Apria Healthcare". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  46. ↑ "CVS Health Completes Omnicare Acquisition". Retrieved 21 Oct 2016.
  47. ↑ "CVS Pharmacy Store Brands". Retrieved 25 Oct 2016.
  48. ↑ "CVS Caremark Charitable Trust". CVS Caremark. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  49. ↑ "CVS Caremark Charity Classic". CVS Caremark. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  50. ↑ "CVS Plans to End Sales of Tobacco Products by Oct. 1".
  51. ↑ "CE: Recent legal cases of 2001: A heads-up for pharmacists".
  52. ↑ Rowland, Christopher (2006-02-10). "CVS faces pharmacy reviews". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  53. ↑ "Caremark to Pay $161 Million in Fraud and Kickback Cases" (Press release). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  54. ↑ "Report: Caremark, DOJ nearing settlement". Nashville Business Journal. 2005-05-27. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  55. ↑ In Re Caremark Int'l, Inc., Derivative Litigation, A.2d 959 (Delaware Chancery Court 1996).
  56. ↑ "Pharmacy Benefit Managers". Prescription Policy Choices. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  57. ↑ "CVS Caremark Agrees To Pay $38.5M To Settle Allegations That It Did Not Pass on Rebates, Discounts to Patients, Employers". Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report. Kaiser Family Foundation. February 15, 2008. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  58. 1 2 3 Miller, James P. (2008-02-14). "CVS Caremark settles deceptive-practices complaint for $38.5 million". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  59. 1 2 Levick, Diane (2008-02-15). "Caremark Settles States' Probe". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  60. ↑ Pharmacy Benefit Manager
  61. ↑ Levy, Marc (2008-02-14). "Caremark to pay $38M to settle drug-switching complaint". AP/San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  62. ↑ Harris, Andrew (2008-02-15). "CVS to pay millions to settle drug-cost case". Bloomberg News/Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  63. ↑ "Kramer, Ortiz innocent". Providence Journal. May 31, 2008.
  64. ↑ "CVS Says Its Business Practices Probed by 24 States (Update1)". BusinessWeek. 2010-05-04. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  65. ↑ "CVS Caremark Settles FTC Charges". Federal Trade Commission. 2009-02-18. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  66. ↑ "CVS Caremark Corporation Settles FTC Deceptive Pricing Charges". Federal Trade Commission. 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  67. ↑ Schoenberg, Tom (2012-02-29). "Cardinal Health Blocked From Shipping Painkiller in Florida". Bloomberg.
  68. ↑ "Most Popular E-mail Newsletter". USA Today. 2012-02-27.
  69. ↑ "CVS Will Restate Results After SEC Prompts Revision Of Charges".
  70. ↑ "CVS to restate 4Q on accounting change".
  71. ↑ Swasey, Benjamin; Newsroom, Staff (2016-09-01). "In Settlement With Mass., CVS Agrees To Strengthen Policies Around Dispensing Opioids". WBUR-FM. Retrieved 2016-09-02.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/12/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.