Caernarfon (UK Parliament constituency)

Coordinates: 52°58′34″N 4°18′29″W / 52.976°N 4.308°W

Caernarfon
Former County constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Caernarfon in Wales for the 2005 general election.
Preserved county	Gwynedd
Major settlements	Caernarfon
1950–2010
Number of members	One
Replaced by	Arfon and Dwyfor Meirionnydd
1536–1950
Number of members	One
Type of constituency	District of Boroughs constituency

Caernarfon was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Caernarfon in Wales. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system.

The constituency was created in 1536 as a District of Boroughs, represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950. The District of Boroughs was abolished in 1950, and replaced with a county constituency of the same name, which was itself abolished in 2010.

History

Known as Carnarvon until 1832, and then as the Carnarvon Boroughs or Carnarvon District of Boroughs from 1832 to 1950 and as Caernarvon from 1950 to 1983, it is named after Caernarfon, the main town within the constituency. Its most famous member was David Lloyd George, who was MP for 55 years. When Lloyd George became prime minister in 1916 it became the first Welsh constituency to be represented by a serving prime minister. Plaid Cymru held the seat continuously from 1974 until its abolition in 2010, longer than they have held any other seat.

Boundaries

The constituency names, in this section, follow the format and the spelling used by F. W. S. Craig in his British Parliamentary Election Results series. Variations may be found in other sources.

Caernarvon 1536–1832

On the basis of information from several volumes of the History of Parliament, it is apparent that the history of the borough representation from Wales and Monmouthshire is more complicated than that of the English boroughs.

The Laws in Wales Act 1535 (26 Hen. VIII, c. 26) provided for a single borough seat for each of 11 of the 12 Welsh counties and Monmouthshire. The legislation, which was passed in 1536 using the modern civil year starting on 1 January, was ambiguous as to which communities were enfranchised. The county towns were awarded a seat, but this in some fashion represented all the ancient boroughs of the county as the others were required to contribute to the members wages. It was not clear if the burgesses of the contributing boroughs could take part in the election. The only election under the original scheme was for the 1542 Parliament. It seems that only burgesses from the county towns actually took part. An Act of 1544 (35 Hen. VIII, c. 11) confirmed that the contributing boroughs could send representatives to take part in the election at the county town. As far as can be told from surviving indentures of returns, the degree to which the out boroughs participated varied, but by the end of the sixteenth century all the seats had some participation from them at some elections at least.

The original scheme was modified by later legislation and decisions of the House of Commons (which were sometimes made with no regard to precedent or evidence: for example in 1728 it was decided that only the freemen of the borough of Montgomery could participate in the election for that seat, thus disenfranchising the freemen of Llanidloes, Welshpool and Llanfyllin).

In the case of Caernarvonshire (now Caernafonshire), the county town was Caernarvon (now known as Caernarfon). The out boroughs were Conway (now Conwy), Criccieth (or Cricieth), Nevin (now known as Nefyn), and Pwllheli. The freemen of the five boroughs were entitled to vote. In the 1715–1754 period there were estimated to be about 1,600 freemen, of whom about 1,200 were non resident. Later in the eighteenth century the estimated electorate was about 1,000 freemen.

Caernarvon Boroughs 1832–1950

The Caernarvon Boroughs, was a district of boroughs constituency, which grouped a number of parliamentary boroughs in Caernarvonshire into one single member constituency. The voters in each participating borough cast ballots, which were added together over the whole district to decide the result of the poll. The enfranchised communities in this district, from 1832, were the six boroughs of Caernarvon, Bangor, Conway, Criccieth, Nevin, and Pwllheli.

The exact boundaries of the parliamentary boroughs in the district were altered by the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1868, but the general nature of the constituency was unchanged. There were no further boundary changes in the 1885 redistribution of parliamentary seats.

In 1918 the constituency was re-defined, so that it included the then local government areas of the Municipal Boroughs of Bangor, Caernarvon, Conway, and Pwllheli; the Urban Districts of Criccieth, Llandudno, Llanfairfechan, and Penmaenmawr as well as the Lleyn Rural District.

From 1918 to 1950 the administrative county of Caernarvonshire had been divided into two seats – Caernarvon Boroughs and a Caernarvonshire county constituency. The territory of the borough seat was enclaved within the county constituency. Different local authorities, included in the borough constituency, were not necessarily adjoining.

Caernarvon 1950–1983

The redistribution, which took effect in 1950, created two Caernarvonshire county divisions – Caernarvon in the south-western two thirds of the county and Conway (later spelt Conwy) in the north-eastern third. The new divisions included territory which had come from both of the two old seats.

The local authorities, whose territories were combined to form the constituency in 1950, were the Municipal Boroughs of Caernarvon, and Pwllheli; the Urban Districts of Criccieth, and Portmadoc; as well as the Rural Districts of Gwyrfai and Lleyn. This arrangement was not altered by the redistribution which took effect in February 1974, which was based on the pre-1974 local government boundaries.

From 1 April 1974, a new pattern of counties was created in Wales. This constituency became part of the county of Gwynedd.

Caernarfon from 1983

In the redistribution of 1983, the spelling of the official name of the constituency was changed. The constituency boundary was unchanged, but it was redefined in terms of the local authorities created in 1974. It comprised the Borough of Arfon wards numbered 8 to 12 and 16 to 29, together with the District of Dwyfor.

In 1996 Welsh local government was again reorganised. Arfon and Dwyfor became part of a Gwynedd unitary authority.

The Parliamentary Constituencies (Wales) Order 1995, based on the pre-1996 local authority areas, came into effect in 1997. It defined this constituency as:-

(i) The following wards of the Borough of Arfon, namely, Bethel, Bontnewydd, Cadnant, Deiniolen, Llanberis, Llandwrog, Llanllyfni, Llanrug, Llanwnda, Menai (Caernarfon), Peb-lig, Penisarwaun, Penygroes, Seiont, Talysarn, Waunfawr and Y Felinheli; and

(ii) the District of Dwyfor.

Following radical boundary changed undertaken by the Boundary Commission for Wales, this seat was abolished in time for the general election in 2010, replaced by Arfon and part of Dwyfor Meirionnydd.

Members of Parliament 1536–2010

Election		Member[1]	Party
	1542	John Puleston [2]
	1545	Robert Gruffydd [2]
	1547	Robert Puleston [2]
	1553 (Mar)	Gruffydd Davies [2]
	1553 (Oct)	Henry Robins [2]
	1554 (Apr)	Henry Robins [2]
	1554 (Nov)	Sir Rhys Gruffydd [2]
	1555	Name not known [2]
	1558	Robert Gruffydd [2]
	1558/9	Maurice Davies[3]
	1563	John Harington [3]
	1571	John Griffith [3]
	1572	John Griffith [3]
	1584	Edward Griffith [3]
	1586	William Griffith I [3]
	1588	Robert Wynn [3]
	1593	Robert Griffith [3]
	1597	John Owen [3]
	1601	Nicholas Griffith [3]
	1604	John Griffith, died replaced by Clement Edmondes
	1614	Nicholas Griffith
	1621	Nicholas Griffith
	1624	Peter Mutton
	1625	Edward Littleton, sat for Leominster replaced by Robert Jones
	1626	Edward Littleton, sat for Leominster replaced by Robert Jones
	1628	Edward Littleton
	1640 April	John Glynne
	1640 November	William Thomas, disabled 1644
	1647	William Foxwist
	Not represented in Parliaments of 1653, 1654 and 1656
	1659	Robert Williams
	1660	William Glynne
	1661	William Griffith
	1679	Thomas Mostyn
	1685	John Griffith
	1689	Sir Robert Owen
	1698	Sir John Wynn, Bt
	1705	Thomas Bulkeley
	1708	William Griffith
	1713	Sir Thomas Wynn, Bt
	1749	Sir William Wynn
	1754	Robert Wynne
	1761	Sir John Wynn, Bt
	1768	Glyn Wynn
	1790	Lord Paget
	1796	Hon. Edward Paget
	1806	Hon. Sir Charles Paget
	1826	Lord William Paget	Whig
	1830	William Ormsby-Gore	Tory
	1831	Hon. Sir Charles Paget	Whig
	1833	Owen Jones Ellis Nanney	Tory
	1833	Hon. Sir Charles Paget	Whig
	1835	Sir Love Jones-Parry	Whig
	1837	William Bulkeley Hughes	Conservative
	1859	Charles Wynne	Conservative
	1865	William Bulkeley Hughes	Liberal
	1882	Love Jones-Parry	Liberal
	1886	Edmund Swetenham	Conservative
	1890	David Lloyd George	Liberal
	1916		Coalition Liberal
	1922		National Liberal
	1923		Liberal
	1945 By-election	Seaborne Davies	Liberal
	1945	David Price-White	Conservative
	1950	Goronwy Roberts	Labour
	Feb 1974	Dafydd Wigley	Plaid Cymru
	2001	Hywel Williams	Plaid Cymru
	2010	Constituency abolished: see Arfon (UK Parliament constituency)

Elections

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1885: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Love Jones-Parry	1,923	50.9
	Conservative	Edmund Swetenham	1,858	49.1
Majority			65	1.8
Turnout			3,781	84.5
	Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1886: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Edmund Swetenham	1,820	51.9	+2.8
	Liberal	Love Jones-Parry	1,684	48.1	-2.8
Majority			136	3.8
Turnout			3,504	78.3	-6.2
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing

Elections in the 1890s

By-election 1890: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	1,963	50.2	+2.1
	Conservative	Hugh Ellis-Nanney	1,945	49.8	-2.1
Majority			18	0.4
Turnout			3,908	89.5	+11.2
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing

General Election 1892: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	2,154	52.4	+2.2
	Conservative	John Henry Puleston	1,958	47.6	-2.2
Majority			196	4.8	+4.4
Turnout			4,112	87.1	-2.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

David Lloyd George

General Election 1895: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	2,265	52.2	-0.2
	Conservative	Hugh Ellis-Nanney	2,071	47.8	+0.2
Majority			194	4.4	-0.4
Turnout			4,336	88.8	+1.7
	Liberal hold		Swing

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1900: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	2,412	53.3	+1.1
	Conservative	Henry Platt	2,116	46.7	-1.1
Majority			296	6.6	+2.2
Turnout			4,528	87.0	-1.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

David Lloyd George

General Election 1906: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	3,221	61.7	+8.4
	Conservative	R A Naylor	1,997	38.3	-8.4
Majority			1,224	23.4	+16.8
Turnout			5,218	92.1	+5.1
	Liberal hold		Swing

Elections in the 1910s

General Election January 1910: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Rt Hon. David Lloyd George	3,183	60.2	-1.5
	Conservative	Hugh Corbet Vincent	2,105	39.8	+1.5
Majority			1,078	20.4	-3.0
Turnout			5,288	92.5	+0.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

General Election December 1910: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Rt Hon. David Lloyd George	3,112	62.0	+1.8
	Conservative	A L Jones	1,904	38.0	-1.8
Majority			1,208	24.0	+3.6
Turnout			5,288	87.7	-4.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Lloyd George

General Election 1918: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Rt Hon. David Lloyd George	13,993	92.7	+30.7
	Independent	Austin Harrison	1,095	7.3
Majority			12,898	85.4	+61.4
Turnout			15,088	63.4	-24.3
	Liberal hold		Swing

• endorsed by Coalition Government

Lloyd George

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1922: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National Liberal	David Lloyd George	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	National Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1923: Carnarvon Boroughs ^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Rt Hon. David Lloyd George	12,499	63.1	n/a
	Unionist	Austin Ellis Lloyd Jones	7,323	36.9	n/a
Majority			5,176	26.2	n/a
Turnout			19,822	80.9	n/a
	Liberal hold		Swing	n/a

General Election 1924: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	16,058	82.5	+19.4
	Labour	Alfred Zimmern	3,401	17.5
Majority			12,657	65.0	+38.8
Turnout			19,459	77.0	-3.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1929: Caernarvon Boroughs

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	16,647	58.0	-24.4
	Unionist	John Bowen Davies	7,514	26.2	n/a
	Labour	Thomas Ap Rhys	4,536	15.8	-1.7
Majority			9,133	31.8	-33.2
Turnout			28,697	81.8	+4.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1931: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	17,101	59.3	+1.3
	Conservative	F P Gourlay	11,714	40.7	+14.5
Majority			5,387	18.6	-13.2
Turnout			28,815	80.3	-1.5
	Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1935: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Lloyd George	19,242	66.6	+7.3
	Conservative	A R P Du Cros	9,633	33.4	-7.3
Majority			9,609	33.2	+14.6
Turnout			28,873	77.4	-2.9
	Liberal hold		Swing

Elections in the 1940s

By-election 1945: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	David Richard Seaborne Davies	20,754	75.2	+8.6
	Plaid Cymru	John Edward Daniel	6,844	24.8
Majority			13,910	50.4	+17.2
Turnout			27,598	58.8	-18.6
	Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1945: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	David Archibald Price-White	11,432	32.9	-0.5
	Liberal	David Richard Seaborne Davies	11,096	32.0	-34.6
	Labour	William Elwyn Edwards Jones	10,625	30.6	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	John Edward Daniel	1,560	4.5	N/A
Majority			336	0.9
Turnout			34,713	73.8	+15.0
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1950: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	18,369	49.1
	Liberal	Elwyn Rhys Thomas	7,791	20.9
	Conservative	G. W. Williams	6,315	16.9
	Plaid Cymru	John Edward Jones	4,882	13.1
Majority			10,578	28.2
Turnout				85.9
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1951: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	22,375	62.4
	Conservative	John E B Davies	13,479	37.6
Majority			8,896	24.8
Turnout				82.5
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1955: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	17,682	50.2
	Conservative	O Meurig Roberts	8,461	24.0
	Plaid Cymru	Robert E Jones	5,815	16.5
	Liberal	D Geraint Williams	3,277	9.3
Majority			9,221	26.3
Turnout			35,235	82.4
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1959: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	17,506	51.0
	Conservative	Tom Ellis Hooson	9,564	27.8
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Orwig Jones	7,293	21.2
Majority			7,942	23.1
Turnout			34,363	83.4
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1964: Caernarvon^[5][6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	17,777	54.38	+3.38
	Conservative	Shelagh Marjorie Roberts	7,915	24.21	-3.59
	Plaid Cymru	Robert E Jones	6,998	21.41	+0.21
Majority			9,862	30.17	+7.07
Turnout			32,690	80.38	-3.02
Registered electors			40,671
	Labour hold		Swing	+3.49

General Election 1966: Caernarvon^[7][8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	17,650	56.11	+1.73
	Conservative	Roger Prys	6,972	22.16	-2.05
	Plaid Cymru	Humphrey Roberts	6,834	21.73	+0.32
Majority			10,678	33.95	+3.78
Turnout			31,456	78.40	-1.92
Registered electors			40,121
	Labour hold		Swing	+1.89

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1970: Caernarvon^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	13,627	40.1
	Plaid Cymru	Robyn Léwis	11,331	33.4
	Conservative	Kathleen J Smith	6,812	20.1
	Liberal	John A Williams	2,195	6.5
Majority			2,296	6.76
Turnout				81.7
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election February 1974: Caernarvon^[10][11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	14,103	40.5	+7.1
	Labour	Goronwy Owen Roberts	12,375	35.6	−4.5
	Conservative	William Armand Thomas Tristan Garel-Jones	5,803	16.7	−3.4
	Liberal	Gerald Hill David	2,506	7.2	+0.7
Majority			1,728	5.0
Turnout			34,787	82.4
	Plaid Cymru gain from Labour		Swing

General Election October 1974: Caernarvon^[10][12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	14,624	42.6	+2.0
	Labour	Emlyn Jones Sherrington	11,730	34.1	−1.4
	Conservative	Robert Lambart Harvey	4,325	12.6	−4.1
	Liberal	Dewi Williams	3,690	10.7	+3.5
Majority			2,894	8.4
Turnout			34,369	80.9
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	+1.7

General Election 1979: Caernarvon^[10][13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	17,420	49.7	+7.1
	Labour	Thomas Merfyn Hughes	8,696	24.8	−9.3
	Conservative	James Edward Thornton Paice	6,968	19.9	+7.3
	Liberal	John Trevor Edwards	1,999	5.7	−5.0
Majority			8,724	24.9
Turnout			35,083	81.5
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	+8.2

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1983: Caernarfon^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	18,308	52.7	+3.1
	Conservative	Dennis Terence Jones	7,319	21.1	+1.2
	Labour	Betty Helena Williams	6,736	19.4	−5.4
	Liberal	Owain Gwyn Griffiths	2,356	6.8	+1.1
Majority			10,989	31.6
Turnout			34,719	78.6
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing

General Election 1987: Caernarfon^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	20,338	57.1	+4.4
	Conservative	Felix Frank Elfed Aubel	7,526	21.1	+0.1
	Labour	David Rhys Williams	5,652	15.9	−3.5
	Liberal	John Humphrey Parsons	2,103	5.9	−0.9
Majority			12,812	36.0
Turnout			35,619	78.0
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1992: Caernarfon^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	21,439	59.0	+1.9
	Conservative	Peter E.H. Fowler	6,963	19.2	−2.0
	Labour	Ms. Sharon Mainwaring	5,641	15.5	−0.3
	Liberal Democrat	Robert Arwel W. Williams	2,101	5.8	−0.1
	Natural Law	Gwyndaf Evans	173	0.5	N/A
Majority			14,476	39.9	+3.9
Turnout			36,317	80.1	+2.1
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	+1.9

General Election 1997: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Dafydd Wigley	17,616	51.0	−8.0
	Labour	Eifion Wyn Williams	10,167	29.5	+14.0
	Conservative	Elwyn Williams	4,230	12.3	−6.9
	Liberal Democrat	Mrs. Mary Macqueen	1,686	4.9	−0.9
	Referendum	Clive Collins	811	2.4	N/A
Majority			7,449	21.6
Turnout			34,510	73.7	−6.4
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	−11.0

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2001: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Hywel Williams	12,894	44.4	−6.7
	Labour	Martin Robert Eaglestone	9,383	32.3	+2.8
	Conservative	Mrs. Bronwen Naish	4,403	15.2	+2.9
	Liberal Democrat	Evan Melvyn Ab Owain	1,823	6.3	+1.4
	UKIP	Ifor Dilwyn Lloyd	550	1.9	N/A
Majority			3,511	12.1
Turnout			29,053	62.0	−11.7
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	−4.7

General Election 2005: Caernarfon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Plaid Cymru	Hywel Williams	12,747	45.5	+1.1
	Labour	Martin Robert Eaglestone	7,538	26.9	−5.4
	Liberal Democrat	Evan Melvyn Ab-Owain	3,508	12.5	+6.2
	Conservative	Guy Opperman	3,483	12.4	−2.8
	UKIP	Elwyn Williams	723	2.6	+0.7
Majority			5,209	18.6
Turnout			27,999	60.4	−1.6
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing	+3.3

See also

• Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, 1890
• Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, 1945
• List of Parliamentary constituencies in Gwynedd

Notes and references

1. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 1)
2. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
3. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
4. Etholiadau'r ganrif 1885-1997, Beti Jones
5. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1964". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
7. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1966". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
9. "UK General Election results 1970". Politics Resources. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
10. "'Caernarvon', Feb 1974 - May 1983". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
11. "UK General Election results February 1974". Politics Resources. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
12. "UK General Election results October 1974". Politics Resources. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
13. "UK General Election results May 1979". Politics Resources. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
14. "'Caernarfon', June 1983 up to May 1997". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
15. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 Dec 2010.

Sources

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F. W. S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Constituencies: A Statistical Compendium, by Ivor Crewe and Anthony Fox (Faber and Faber 1984)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1885 – 1918
• F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918 – 1949
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1950–1973, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Research Services 1983)
• The House of Commons 1509–1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
• The House of Commons 1558–1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
• The House of Commons 1715–1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
• The House of Commons 1754–1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
• The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)