Caladenia fuscata

Dusky fingers
C. fuscata growing on Black Mountain in the Australian Capital Territory
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species: C. fuscata
Binomial name
Caladenia fuscata
(Rchb.f.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones[1]
Synonyms

  • Petalochilus fuscatus (Rchb.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Caladenia carnea var. fuscata Rchb.f.

Caladenia fuscata, commonly known as dusky fingers, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to eastern and south-eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It is a small ground orchid found in eucalyptus woodland and which flowers in September and October.

Description

Caladenia fuscata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, sparsely hairy, narrow linear leaf, 5–18 cm (2–7 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide.[2][3][4]

The single white or pink flower is borne on a spike up to 150 mm (6 in) high. The dorsal sepal is erect, linear in shape, 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide with a pointed end. The lateral sepals and petals are usually 6–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, with their outer surfaces densely covered with a band of short, reddish-brown glandular hairs. The labellum is egg-shaped, about 6 mm (0.2 in) long and wide, white or pinkish with three lobes and prominent red stripes. The mid-lobe is small and pointed with small teeth on the edge and several rows of yellow-tipped calli in the centre. The lateral lobes are prominent, broad and protrude past the mid-lobe. The column is 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, curves inwards and has narrow wings. Flowering occurs in September and October and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds. It is similar to Caladenia carnea but is distinguished from it by its single flower, earlier flowering period and red stripes on the labellum and column.[2][3][4]

labelled image

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia fuscata was first formally described as Caladenia carnea var. fuscata by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1871.[5] It was raised to species status in 1989 by David L. Jones and Mark Clements.[1] The specific epithet (fuscata) is derived from the Latin word fusca meaning "brown"[6] in reference to the brownish coloration on the back of the sepals and petals.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Dusky fingers occurs in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia where it grows in open forest, woodland and coastal scrub in a range of soil types. It is mostly only found on the drier western side of the Great Dividing Range. It has also been recorded in New Zealand.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 "Caladenia fuscata". APNI. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  2. 1 2 Jones, David L. (1998). "Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology - 1". Australian Orchid Research. 3: 32.
  3. 1 2 Bernhardt, Peter. "Caladenia fuscata". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney: plantNET. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  4. 1 2 Jeanes, Jeffrey. "Caladenia fuscata". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Vicflora. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  5. ↑ "Caladenia carnea var. fuscata". APNI. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  6. ↑ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 168.
  7. ↑ Clements, Mark Alwyn (1989). "Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 1: 25.
  8. ↑ "Caladenia fuscata". NZ Native Orchid Group. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
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