Callicore

Callicore
Hesperis Eighty-eight (C. hesperis) Upperside of museum specimen
C. texa Texa eighty-eight Underside, Cristalino River Southern Amazon, Brazil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Subfamily:	Biblidinae
Tribe:	Callicorini
Genus:	Callicore Hübner, [1819]
Type species
Callicore astarte Cramer, [1779]
Diversity
See text
Synonyms
Catagramma Boisduval, 1836

Callicore is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical Ecozone. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic Catagramma assemblage.

Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights or numberwings like the related genera Diaethria and Perisama, in reference to the characteristic patterns on the hindwing undersides of many. In Callicore, the pattern consists of bluish dots surrounded by black and looks more like "αB" or "8°", though some members of this genus have a completely different arrangement of dots. The forewing undersides vary little between species, being black with one or two broad orange-yellow bands in the basal part and one thin and one very faint yellowish band near the apex.

C. hydarnis is listed as endangered species in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Species

Listed alphabetically within species groups.^[1]

The atacama species-group:

• Callicore atacama (Hewitson, 1852) – Yellow-banded Eighty-eight
• Callicore felderi (Hewitson, 1864) – 8-spot Numberwing
• Callicore hesperis (Guérin, 1844) – Hesperis Eighty-eight

The cyllene species-group:

• Callicore pygas (Godart, [1824]) – Pygas Eighty-eight

The cynosura species-group:

• Callicore astarte (Cramer, 1779) – Astarte Eighty-eight
• Callicore cynosura (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) – Cynosura Eighty-eight
• Callicore excelsior (Hewitson, 1857) – Excelsior Eighty-eight or Superb Numberwing
• Callicore ines (Hopp, 1922)
• Callicore sorana (Godart, 1832) – Sorana Eighty-eight

The hydarnis species-group

• Callicore hydarnis (Godart, [1824])

The hydaspes species-group:

• Callicore brome (Doyère, [1840]) – Four-spotted Eighty-eight
• Callicore hydaspes (Drury, 1782) – Hydaspes Eighty-eight
• Callicore lyca (Doubleday, [1847]) – Aegina Numberwing
• Callicore maronensis (Oberthür, 1916)

The pitheas species-group:

• Callicore cyclops Staudinger, 1891)
• Callicore pitheas (Latreille, 1811) – Two-eyed Eighty-eight

The texa species-group:

• Callicore texa (Hewitson, 1854) – Texa Eighty-eight

The tolima species-group:

• Callicore eunomia (Hewitson, 1853) – Eunomia Eighty-eight
• Callicore hystaspes (Fabricius, 1781) – Hystaspes Eighty-eight
• Callicore tolima (Hewitson, 1851) – Blue-and-orange Eighty-eight

Gallery

• 

  Astarte Eighty-eight, C. astarte, upperside of museum specimen

• 

  Aegina Numberwing, C. salamis, underside of museum specimen

• 

  Eunomia Eighty-eight, C. eunomia, underside of museum specimen

• 

  Superb Numberwing, C. pastazza, underside of museum specimen

• 

  Cynosura Eighty-eight, C. cynosura, underside of museum specimen

• 

  Pygas Eighty-eight, (C. pygas)
  Iguazu Falls, Brazil

References

1. Callicore, funet.fi

• Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., & Brown, K. S., Jr. (1998). Butterflies (Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in Minas Gerais, Brazil (in Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15(1), 241-259.
• Garwood, K. M., Lehman, Carter, W., & Carter, G. (2007). Butterflies of Southern Amazonia. Mission, Texas: Neotropical Butterflies.
• Lamas, G., ed. 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.

External links

• images representing Callicore at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
• Funet Taxonomy
• Callicore Tree of Life
• Pteron in Japanese but with binomial names.