Catalina Sky Survey

Organization NASA–University of Arizona
Alternative names CSS
Wavelength Optical, near-infrared and ultraviolet
Data sources Mount Lemmon Observatory
Goals To search for and map out near-Earth objects
Website www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/

Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) is a project to discover comets and asteroids, and to search for near-Earth objects (NEOs). More specifically, CSS is to search for any potentially hazardous asteroids that may pose a threat of impact. Its southern hemisphere counterpart, the Siding Spring Survey (SSS) was closed in 2013 due to loss of funding.

Mission

Number of NEOs detected by various projects:
  LINEAR
  NEAT
  Spacewatch
  LONEOS		   CSS
  Pan-STARRS
  NEOWISE
  All others

The NEO Observations Program is a result of a United States 1998 congressional directive to NASA to begin a program to identify 1 kilometre (0.62 mile) or larger objects to around 90 percent confidence level or better. The Catalina Sky Survey, located at the Mount Lemmon Observatory in the Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, carries out searches for near-earth objects, NEOs, contributing to the Congressionally mandated goal.

In addition to identifying impact risks the project also obtains other scientific information, including: improving the known population distribution in the main belt, finding the cometary distribution at larger perihelion distances, determining the distribution of NEOs as a product of collisional history and transport to the inner Solar System, and identifying potential targets for flight projects.

Techniques

Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) utilized two US telescopes, a 1.5 meter (60 inch) f/2 telescope on the peak of Mt. Lemmon, and a 68 cm (27 inch) f/ 1.7 Schmidt telescope near Mt. Bigelow (both in the Tucson, Arizona area). The CSS southern hemisphere counterpart, the Siding Spring Survey (SSS), used a 0.5 meter (20 inch) f/3 Uppsala Schmidt telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. All sites use identical, thermo-electrically cooled cameras and common software that was written by the CSS team. The cameras are cooled to approximately −100 °C (−148 °F) so their dark current is about 1 electron per hour. These 4096×4096 pixel cameras provide a field of view of 1 degree square on with the 1.5-m telescope and nearly 9 square degrees with the Catalina Schmidt. Nominal exposures are 30 seconds and the 1.5-m can reach objects fainter than 21.5 V in that time.[1]

CSS typically operates every clear night with the exception of a few nights centered on the full moon. The southern hemispheres' SSS in Australia ended in 2013 after funding was discontinued.[2]

Results

In 2005, CSS became the most prolific NEO survey surpassing Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) in total number of NEOs and potentially hazardous asteroids discovered each year since. CSS discovered 310 NEOs in 2005, 396 in 2006, 466 in 2007, and in 2008 564 NEOs were found.[3]

Notable discoveries

Near missed the Moon and the Earth on May 9, 10, 2006 and may impact the Earth on May 3, 2073[4]
Near missed Mars on January 9, 2008 [5][6]
Close approached Earth on January 29, 2008 [7]
Struck Earth on October 7, 2008 [8]
Currently a temporary co-orbital of Venus.[9]
Struck Earth on January 2, 2014.[10]

CSS/SSS team

The CSS team is headed by Eric Christensen of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona.

The full CSS team is:

SSS

Educational outreach

The CSS has helped with Astronomy Camp showing campers how they detect NEOs. They even played a role in an astrophotography exercise with the 2006 Adult Astronomy Camp ending up with a picture that was featured on Astronomy Picture of the Day.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Last night at G96 I have very good conditions, high transparency and sub-arcsecond seeing and for at least one NEO candidate at 21.8 V
  2. ↑ Safi, Michael (20 October 2014). "Earth at risk after cuts close comet-spotting program, scientists warn". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  3. ↑ NEO discovery statistics from JPL. Shows the number of asteroids of various types (potentially hazardous, size > 1 km, etc.) that different programs have discovered, by year.
  4. ↑ Steve Chesley, Paul Chodas and Don Yeomans (September 15, 2011). "2006 JY26 Earth Impact Risk Summary". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  5. ↑ "Catalina Sky Survey Discovers Space Rock That Could Hit Mars". Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  6. ↑ Steve Chesley, Paul Chodas and Don Yeomans (January 9, 2008). "2007 WD5 Mars Collision Effectively Ruled Out - Impact Odds now 1 in 10,000". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
  7. ↑ "Asteroid to Miss Earth Tonight". Washington Post. January 28, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  8. ↑ "Asteroid to be harmless fireball over Earth". CNN. October 6, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  9. ↑ de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl. "Asteroid 2012 XE133, a transient companion to Venus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (2): 886–893. arXiv:1303.3705Freely accessible. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..886D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt454.
  10. ↑ "The First Discovered Asteroid of 2014 Collides With The Earth". NASA JPL. April 27, 2014.
  11. ↑ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060831.html

External links

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