Chuck Grassley

Chuck Grassley
United States Senator from Iowa
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1981 Serving with Joni Ernst
Preceded by	John Culver
Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2015
Preceded by	Patrick Leahy
Chair of the Senate Narcotics Caucus
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2015
Preceded by	Dianne Feinstein
Chair of the Senate Finance Committee
In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Preceded by	Max Baucus
Succeeded by	Max Baucus
Chair of the Senate Aging Committee
In office January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001
Preceded by	John Breaux
Succeeded by	John Breaux
In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2001
Preceded by	William Cohen
Succeeded by	John Breaux
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 3rd district
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1981
Preceded by	H. R. Gross
Succeeded by	Cooper Evans
Personal details
Born	Charles Ernest Grassley September 17, 1933 New Hartford, Iowa, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Barbara Speicher
Children	5
Alma mater	University of Northern Iowa (BA, MA) University of Iowa
Website	Senate website

Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior United States Senator from Iowa, serving since 1981. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served in the United States House of Representatives (1975–1981) and the Iowa state legislature (1959–1974). He was chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from January to June 2001, as well as from January 2003 to December 2006, and is now the current chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the 114th congress.

Early life and career

Grassley was born in New Hartford, Iowa, the son of Ruth (née Corwin) and Louis Arthur Grassley,^[1] and graduated from the town high school. At Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), he earned a B.A. in 1955 and an M.A. in 1956. During his time as a student, Grassley joined the social-professional Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity.^[2] Also during the 1950s, Grassley farmed and worked in factories in Iowa, first as a sheet metal shearer and then as an assembly line worker. He studied toward a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Iowa. In 1967–1968 Grassley taught at the now-defunct Charles City College.^[3]

Grassley represented parts of Butler County in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1959 until 1975.^[3] He then served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981.^[4]

United States Senate

Committee assignments

• Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
  • Subcommittee on Rural Revitalization, Conservation, Forestry and Credit
  • Subcommittee on Energy, Science and Technology
  • Subcommittee on Production, Income Protection and Price Support
• Committee on Finance
  • Subcommittee on Health Care
  • Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
  • Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
• Committee on the Judiciary (Chairman)
  • Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
  • Subcommittee on Immigration and The National Interest
  • Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
• Committee on the Budget
• Caucus on International Narcotics Control (Co-Chairman)
• Joint Committee on Taxation

Grassley during his time in the US House of Representatives

Tenure

As a senior member of the Senate Finance Committee, Grassley has spearheaded many probes into alleged misuse and lack of accountability of federal money. In July 2007, a Grassley-commissioned report was released claiming that more than US$1 billion in farm subsidies were sent to deceased individuals.^[5] Grassley was called a "Taxpayer Super Hero" in 2014 by the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste for his efforts to protect taxpayers. He received a 100 percent rating from the group that year and has a lifetime rating of 78 percent.^[6]

On June 28, 2006, Grassley proposed legislation^[7][8] intended to curb sex trafficking and sex slavery in the United States by means of strict enforcement of tax laws, for example by requiring a W-2 form be filed for each prostitute managed by a pimp or other employer.

Sen. Grassley, Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT), and Rep. E. Clay Shaw (R-FL) (left to right) address the media after a meeting at the White House with President Bill Clinton.

Since 1976, Grassley has repeatedly introduced measures that increase the level of taxation on American citizens living abroad, including retroactive tax hikes. Grassley was eventually able to attach an amendment to a piece of legislation that went into effect in 2006, which increased taxes on Americans abroad by targeting housing and living incentives paid by foreign employers and held them accountable for federal taxes, even though they did not currently reside in the United States. Critics of the amendment felt that the move hurt Americans competing for jobs abroad by putting an unnecessary tax burden on foreign employers. Others felt that the move was only to offset the revenue deficit caused by domestic tax cuts of the Bush Administration.^[9][10][11]

In March 2009, amid a scandal that involved AIG executives receiving large salary bonuses from the taxpayer-funded bailout of AIG, Grassley suggested that those AIG employees receiving large bonuses should follow the so-called 'Japanese example', resign immediately or commit suicide. After some criticism, he dismissed the comments as rhetoric.^[12][13][14]

In May 2009, Grassley cosponsored a resolution to amend the US Constitution to prohibit flag-burning.^[15]

When President Barack Obama and the Democratic Party proposed a health reform bill featuring mandated health insurance, Grassley opposed the health insurance mandate, saying that it was a deal breaker.^[16] In response to an audience question at an August 12, 2009, meeting in Iowa, about the end-of-life counseling provisions in the House health care bill, H.R. 3200, Grassley said people were right to fear that the government would "pull the plug on grandma."^{[17][18][19][20]} Grassley had previously supported covering end-of-life counseling, having voted for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, which stated: "The covered services are: evaluating the beneficiary's need for pain and symptom management, including the individual's need for hospice care; counseling the beneficiary with respect to end-of-life issues and care options, and advising the beneficiary regarding advanced care planning."^[21] In December 2009, Grassley voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly called ObamaCare or the Affordable Care Act).

Grassley opposed the Manchin-Toomey gun control amendment, and instead proposed alternative legislation to increase prosecutions of gun violence and increase reporting of mental health data in background checks.^[22]

As of December 2013, Grassley has cast 6,806 consecutive roll call votes,^[23] placing him second behind the all-time consecutive vote record holder, Senator William Proxmire (D-Wis). Grassley has not missed a roll call vote since 1993, when he was touring Iowa with President Bill Clinton to survey flood damage. He has, as of July 2012, cast almost 11,000 votes and had at that time only missed 35 votes in his Senate career.^[24]

In June 2015, Grassley introduced legislation to help protect taxpayers from alleged abuses by the Internal Revenue Service. The legislation was proposed in response to recent events involving alleged inappropriate conduct by employees at the IRS.^[25]

Since first taking office in 1981, Grassley has held public meetings in all of Iowa's 99 counties each year, even after losing honorarium payments for them in 1994.^[26] This has led to the coinage of the term "full Grassley," to describe when a United States presidential candidate visits all 99 counties of Iowa before the Iowa caucuses.^[27]

Political positions

Energy and environment

Grassley has expressed concern about the impact of regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency on farming.^[28]

In September 2015, Grassley received the Dr. Harold D. Prior "Friend of Iowa Wind Energy" award from the Iowa Wind Energy Association for his commitment to supporting wind energy development in Iowa. Also in 1992 Grassley authored the federal wind energy tax credit.^[29] Grassley supports federal ethanol subsidies.^[30]

Abortion

Grassley has stated that he considers himself to be pro-life and has expressed concern regarding the potential for abortions to be paid for with federal funds.^[31]

Health care

Grassley has been critical of the Affordable Care Act but does not believe the law can be completely repealed. Grassley believes that some bipartisanship will be necessary to make changes to the law. He believes a solution will likely involve removing unpopular aspects of the law, like the individual mandate, while keeping popular aspects of it that deal with pre-existing conditions and the ability for children to remain on their parents' plans longer.^[32]

Whistleblowers

The author of the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, Grassley has campaigned to increase protection and provide support for "whistleblowers". He has supported a number of FBI whistleblowers, including Coleen Rowley, Sibel Edmonds, Michael German, and Jane Turner, although not supporting Department of Defense whistleblower Noel Koch.^[33] Grassley received a lifetime achievement award on May 17, 2007 from the National Whistleblower Center. In April 2014, Grassley announced plans to create a caucus in the Senate dedicated to strengthening whistleblower protections.^[34]

Marijuana

In 2015 Grassley voiced his opposition to a bipartisan senate bill, The Compassionate Access, Research Expansion, and Respect States Act, that would move cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule II. This bill would allow states with medical cannabis laws to legally prescribe it and allow for much easier research into its medical efficacy.^[35]

Other

Grassley was given the American Legion's distinguished public service award for his support of a "strong national defense, service members, veterans and the American flag", primarily due to his support for a flag protection amendment.^[36]

Investigations

Religious organizations

On November 5, 2007, Grassley announced an investigation into the tax-exempt status of six ministries under the leadership of Benny Hinn, Paula White, Eddie L. Long, Joyce Meyer, Creflo Dollar, and Kenneth Copeland by the United States Senate Committee on Finance.^[37] In letters to each ministry, Grassley asked for the ministries to divulge specific financial information to the committee to determine whether or not funds collected by each organization were inappropriately utilized by ministry heads.^[38] By the December 6, 2007 deadline, only three of the ministries had shown compliance with the Finance Committee's request. On March 11, 2008, Grassley and Finance Chairman Max Baucus sent follow-up letters to Kenneth Copeland, Creflo Dollar and Eddie Long, explaining that the Senate reserved the right to investigate the finances of their organizations under federal tax laws.^[39]

Responses from these Ministers included Constitutional arguments about Congressional power to oversee such matters. They claim that only the IRS has the authority to request such information, and should the IRS request it or pursue an investigation, the ministries involved would gladly comply.

Medical research

Grassley also began an investigation about unreported payments to physicians by pharmaceutical companies. Grassley led a 2008 Congressional Investigation which found that well-known university psychiatrists, who had promoted psychoactive drugs, had violated federal and university regulations by secretly receiving large sums of money from the pharmaceutical companies which made the drugs.^[40] The New York Times reported that Dr. Joseph Biederman of Harvard University had failed to report over a million dollars of income that he had received from pharmaceutical companies.^[41] Weeks later, Business Week reported that Grassley alleged that Alan Schatzberg, chair of psychiatry at Stanford University, had underreported his investments in Corcept Therapeutics, a company he founded.^[42] Dr. Schatzberg had reported only $100,000 investments in Corcept, but Grassley stated that his investments actually totalled over $6 million. Dr. Schaztberg later stepped down from his grant which is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).^[43] Similarly, Dr. Charles Nemeroff resigned as chair of the psychiatry department at Emory University after failing to report a third of the $2.8 million in consulting fees he received from GlaxoSmithKline. At the time he received these fees, Dr. Nemeroff had been principal investigator of a $3.9 million NIH grant evaluating five medications for depression manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline.^[44]

In 2008, for the first time, Grassley asked the American Psychiatric Association to disclose how much of its annual budget came from drug industry funds. The APA said that industry contributed 28% of its budget ($14 million at that time), mainly through paid advertising in APA journals and funds for continuing medical education.^[45]

Political campaigns

Grassley was elected to his Senate seat in 1980, defeating the Democratic incumbent, John Culver. He was reelected in 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, and 2010; he is the second longest-serving senator in Iowa history. He has remained very popular in Iowa even as the state trended Democratic. In 1992, for instance, he won a third term with 69 percent of the vote even as Bill Clinton carried the state in the presidential election. He is running for a seventh term in 2016.^[46]

2010

Grassley sought a sixth term in the 2010 election. He was challenged by Democrat Roxanne Conlin, a former United States Attorney, and Libertarian John Heiderscheit, an attorney.

Grassley was unopposed in the Republican primary, although some conservatives said he has drifted "too far to the left".^[47] Among those is conservative activist Bill Salier, who said "Grassley was the dominant force and had an enormous amount of loyalty. That has so eroded out from underneath him" during an interview on WHO-AM radio.^[48]

Grassley was reelected with 64.5% of the vote, Roxanne Conlin getting 33.2% of the vote. He carried every county in the state except Johnson County,^[49] which hosts the University of Iowa. He is only the second Iowan to serve six terms in the Senate; the other being Iowa's longest-serving senator, William B. Allison.

2016

Grassley sought a seventh term in the 2016 election. Distinct from 2010, he was expected to face a strong challenge from former Democratic lieutenant governor Patty Judge.^[50] He won his seventh term with 60% of the vote.

Fundraising

According to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics in 2010, the industries that have been the largest contributors to Grassley during his political career are health professionals ($1 million in contributions), insurance industry ($997,674), lawyers/law firms ($625,543) and pharmaceuticals/health products ($538,680). His largest corporate donors have been Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, Amgen biotech company and Wells Fargo bank.^[51]

Electoral history

United States Senate election in Iowa, 2010^[52]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley (inc.)	718,215	64.35%	-5.83%
	Democratic	Roxanne Conlin	371,686	33.30%	+5.43%
	Libertarian	John Heiderscheit	25,290	2.27%
	Write-ins		872	0.08%
Majority			346,529	31.05%	-11.26%
Turnout			1,116,063
	Republican hold		Swing

United States Senate election in Iowa, 2004^[53]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley (inc.)	1,038,175	70.18%	+1.77%
	Democratic	Art Small	412,365	27.88%	-2.62%
	Libertarian	Christy Ann Welty	15,218	1.03%
	Green	Daryl A. Northrop	11,121	0.75%
	Socialist Workers	Edwin Fruit	1,874	0.13%	-0.14%
	Write-ins		475	0.03%
Majority			625,810	42.31%	+4.39%
Turnout			1,479,228
	Republican hold		Swing

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1998^[54]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley (inc.)	648,480	68.41%	-1.20%
	Democratic	David Osterberg	289,049	30.49%	+3.29%
	Natural Law	Susan Marcus	7,561	0.80%	-0.47%
	Socialist Workers	Margaret Trowe	2,542	0.27%	+0.16%
	Write-ins		275	0.03%
Majority			359,431	37.92%	-4.50%
Turnout			947,907
	Republican hold		Swing

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1992^[55]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley (inc.)	899,761	69.61%	+3.58%
	Democratic	Jean Hall Lloyd-Jones	351,561	27.20%	-6.37%
	Natural Law	Stuart Zimmerman	16,403	1.27%
	Independent	Sue Atkinson	6,277	0.49%
	Independent	Mel Boring	5,508	0.43%
	Independent	Rosanne Freeburg	4,999	0.39%
	Grassroots	Carl Eric Olsen	3,404	0.26%
	Independent	Richard O'Dell Hughes	2,918	0.23%
	Socialist Workers	Cleve Andrew Pulley	1,370	0.11%
	Write-ins		293	0.02%
Majority			548,200	42.41%	+9.95%
Turnout			1,292,494
	Republican hold		Swing

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1986^[56]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley (inc.)	588,880	66.04%	+12.55%
	Democratic	John P. Roehrick	299,406	33.57%	-11.97%
	Independent	John Masters	3,370	0.38%
	Write-ins		106	0.01%
Majority			289,474	32.46%	+24.51%
Turnout			891,762
	Republican hold		Swing

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1980^[57]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Chuck Grassley	683,014	53.49%	+4.21%
	Democratic	John Culver (inc.)	581,545	45.54%	-4.48%
	Independent	Garry De Young	5,858	0.46%
	Libertarian	Robert V. Hengerer	4,233	0.33%
	Independent	John Ingram Henderson	2,336	0.18%
Majority			101,469	7.95%	+7.20%
Turnout			1,772,983
	Republican gain from Democratic		Swing

United States Senate Republican Primary election in Iowa, 1980
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	+%
Republican	Chuck Grassley	170,120	65.54%
Republican	Tom Stoner	89,409	34.45%

1978 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 74.8%

John Knudson (D) 25.2%

1976 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 56%

Stephen Rapp 44%

1974 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

Chuck Grassley (R) 50.8%

Stephen Rapp (D) 49.2%

1974 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Republican Primary Election

Chuck Grassley (R) 42%

Robert Case (R) 28.2%

Charlene Conklin (R) 18.8%

Bart Schwieger (R) 6.6%

John Williams (R) 4.4%

1972 Iowa House of Representatives 37th District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 86.3%

Tim Youngblood (D) 13.7%

1970 Iowa House of Representatives 10th District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 62.7%

Rollin Howell (D) 36.2%

Colene Eliason (AI) 1.1%

1966 Iowa House of Representatives Butler District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 69.2%

Floyd Ramker (D) 30.8%

1964 Iowa House of Representatives Butler District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 60.9%

Beverly Moffitt (D) 39.1%

1962 Iowa House of Representatives Butler District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 64.3%

Vernon Garner (D) 35.7%

1960 Iowa House of Representatives Butler District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) (inc.) 69.1%

Vernon Garner (D) 30.9%

1958 Iowa House of Representatives Butler District Election

Chuck Grassley (R) 64.1%

Travis Moffitt (D) 35.9%

Personal life

Grassley married Barbara Ann Speicher in September 1954; the couple have five children: Lee, Wendy, Robin, Michele, and Jay. Grassley is a member of The Family, the organization that organizes the National Prayer Breakfast.^[58]

Awards

In 2009, Grassley received the "Health Policy Hero" award from the National Research Center for Women & Families^[59] for his 2004 oversight of legislative reforms and accountability of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).^[60] Grassley was also named the hardest working member of Congress by The Hill newspaper in June 2010, tied with Max Baucus.^[61]

References

1. Ancestors of Charles Ernest Grassley. rootsweb.com.
2. "Greeks in the 113th Congress". North-American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
3. "Charles Grassley". www.legis.iowa.gov. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
4. "Biographical Directory of the United States Congress - Grassley, Charles Ernest - Biographical Information". Office of Art and Archives and Office of the Historian, The United States Congress. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
5. "Dead farmers got subsidies". The Seattle Times. July 24, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
6. "CCAGW Honors Sen. Chuck Grassley for Being a "Taxpayer Super Hero"". MarketWatch. July 30, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
7. "Senator seeks tax on pimps, prostitutes (cnn.com)". CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2006.
8. "Grassley Press Release on the "Pimp Tax"". Retrieved August 17, 2006.
9. Bradsher, Keith (May 30, 2006). "Americans Living Abroad Get a Nasty Tax Surprise". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
10. Bilefsky, Dan (May 12, 2006). "Americans abroad face higher United States tax bills". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006.
11. Senator Charles Grassley’s Letter of October 3rd 2007 in the Wall Street Journal Provokes Vivid Response.
12. "Pressure grows on AIG to return bonuses". MSNBC. Associated Press. March 18, 2009.
13. Montanaro, Domenico (March 17, 2009). "Grassley dismisses suicide talk as rhetoric". MSNBC.
14. Phillips, Kate (March 17, 2009). "Grassley: A.I.G. Must Take Its Medicine (Not Hemlock)". The New York Times.]
15. Hancock, Jason (May 8, 2009). "Grassley cosponsors flag-burning amendment". IowaIndependent.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
16. "Grassleys opposition to individual insurance mandate comes under fire". Iowa Independent. October 8, 2009.
17. Stein, Sam (September 12, 2009). "Grassley Endorses "Death Panel" Rumor: "You Have Every Right To Fear"". HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
18. Hancock, Jason (August 12, 2009). "Grassley: Government shouldn't 'decide when to pull the plug on grandma'". IowaIndependent.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
19. Hancock, Jason (August 12, 2009). "Grassley repeats euthanasia claim". IowaIndependent.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
20. "Sen. Deather". The Rachel Maddow Show. MSNBC. August 13, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
21. Grassley was for ‘death panels’ before he was against them | Iowa Independent
22. Ed Tibbetts (April 17, 2013). "Grassley proposes alternative gun bill". Quad-City Times.
23. "Senate Deal Sets Up Friday Christmas Exit, Pushes Yellen Confirmation to 2014 (Updated)". Roll Call. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
24. O'Keefe, Ed. "Susan Collins casts her 5,000th consecutive vote". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
25. Matt Kelley (June 16, 2015). "Senator Grassley introduces bill to protect taxpayers from IRS". RadioIowa.
26. "Sen. Chuck Grassley (R)". National Journal Almanac. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
27. Glueck, Katie. "Cruz's bid for a 'full Grassley' succeeds at the wire". Politico. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
28. "Grassley wants to meet with EPA over agriculture rules". The Des Moines Register. May 23, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
29. "Grassley named a Friend of Iowa Wind Energy". KMA Land. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
30. "Grassley's ethanol challenge". The Washington Post. November 24, 2010.
31. "North Iowans ask Grassley questions on health care reform". GlobeGazette.com. April 1, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
32. "Grassley eyes Obamacare cure". THOnline.com. August 29, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
33. "1983: Neoconservative Arrives at Pentagon, Allegedly Acts as Israeli Agent within Defense Department". Counterpunch. 24 Feb 2004.
34. Hicks, Josh (10 April 2014). "Sen. Charles Grassley plans new whistleblower-protection caucus". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
35. Leys, Tony. "Grassley opposes medical marijuana rescheduling". Des Moines Register. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
36. "Grassley dedicated to protecting the flag". The American Legion. March 26, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
37. Lohr, Kathy (December 4, 2007). "Senator Probes Megachurches' Finances". NPR.org. Retrieved December 10, 2007.
38. "Televangelists Living Like Kings?". CBS News. November 6, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
39. "Grassley, Baucus Urge Four Ministries to Cooperate". Planned Giving Design Center. March 12, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
40. Kirk, Stuart A. (2013). Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs. Transaction Publishers. p. 21.
41. Harris, Gardiner; Carey, Benedict (June 8, 2008). "Researchers Fail to Reveal Full Drug Pay". The New York Times.
42. Weintraub, Arlene (June 26, 2008). "Drug Makers and College Labs: Too Cozy?". Business Week.
43. "Stanford Researcher, Accused of Conflicts, Steps Down as NIH Principal Investigator". The Chronicle of Higher Education. August 1, 2008.
44. Gellene, Denise; Maugh II, Thomas H. (October 4, 2008). "Doctor Accused in Congress' Probe". The Los Angeles Times.
45. Kirk, Stuart A. (2013). Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs. Transaction Publishers. p. 217.
46. "Grassley Planning to Run Again in 2016". atr.rollcall.com. September 20, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
47. Hancock, Jason (April 10, 2009). "Salier: Grassley could be primaried". IowaIndependent.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
48. Hancock, Jason (August 7, 2009). "Salier renews threat of Grassley primary". IowaIndependent.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
49. "County Results - Election Center 2010 - Elections & Politics from CNN.com". CNN.
50. "Charles Grassley Faces Formidable Challenger in Iowa Senate Race". NY Times.
51. "Chuck Grassley: Campaign Finance/Money – Industries". Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
52. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2010election.pdf
53. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2004election.pdf
54. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1998election.pdf
55. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf
56. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1986election.pdf
57. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf
58. Sharlet, Jeff (July 21, 2009). "Sex and power inside 'the C Street House'". Salon.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
59. "Previous Foremothers and Heath Policy Heroes". National Research Center for Women & Families. 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
60. "Grassley recognized for work to increase accountability in health care system". Press Release. grassley.senate.gov. May 8, 2009.
61. Victoria, Lauren (June 9, 2010). "The 25 hardest working lawmakers". TheHill.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.

Further reading

• Earnest Goes to Washington, Eve Fairbanks, The New Republic, September 10, 2007

External links

• Senator Chuck Grassley official United States Senate site
• Grassley For Senate
• Chuck Grassley at DMOZ
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Profile at Project Vote Smart
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at The Library of Congress