Clemens von Pirquet

Clemens von Pirquet

Clemens von Pirquet (1906)
Born (1874-05-12)May 12, 1874
Hirschstetten near Vienna
Died February 28, 1929(1929-02-28) (aged 54)
Vienna
Suicide
Nationality Austrian
Fields
Known for tuberculosis
allergy

Clemens Peter Freiherr[1] von Pirquet (May 12, 1874 – February 28, 1929) was an Austrian scientist and pediatrician best known for his contributions to the fields of bacteriology and immunology.

Career

Born in Vienna, he studied theology at the University of Innsbruck and philosophy at the University of Leuven before he enrolled at the University of Graz where he became a doctor of medicine in 1900. He started practicing at the Children's Clinic in Vienna.

In 1906 he noticed that patients who had previously received injections of horse serum or smallpox vaccine had quicker, more severe reactions to a second injection. He, along with Bela Schick, coined the word allergy (from the Greek allos meaning "other" and ergon meaning "reaction") to describe this hypersensitivity reaction.

Soon after, the observation with smallpox led Pirquet to realize that tuberculin, which Robert Koch isolated from the bacteria that cause tuberculosis in 1890, might lead to a similar type of reaction. Charles Mantoux expanded upon Pirquet's ideas and the Mantoux test, in which tuberculin is injected into the skin, became a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in 1907.

In 1909 he declined proposals to take a position at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and to become a professor at the Johns Hopkins University. In 1910 he returned to Europe taking positions in Breslau (now Wrocław) and then Vienna.

Suicide

On February 28, 1929 Clemens von Pirquet and his wife committed suicide with potassium cyanide.[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as Baron), which is now legally a part of the last name. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
  2. ↑ Thomas M. Daniel Pioneers of Medicine and Their Impact on Tuberculosis, Part 184

Further reading

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