Climate of Madrid

Madrid
Climate chart (explanation)
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Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: WMO[1]

Madrid and its metropolitan area has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: Bsk)[2][2] with continental influences, with mild cool winters and hot summers. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima)[3] and according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Madrid has subtropical climate.[4]

Temperature

General

Yearly max temp Yearly mean temp Yearly min temp
19.4 °C (66.9 °F) 14.6 °C (58.3 °F) 9.7 °C (49.5 °F)

Its average annual temperature is 19.4 °C (66.9 °F) during the day and 9.7 °C (49.5 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, typically the temperature ranges from 5 to 15 °C (41 to 59 °F) during the day and −2 to 6 °C (28 to 43 °F) at night. In the warmest month – August, the typical temperature is around 31 °C (88 °F) during the day and about 19 °C (66 °F) at night.[5]

Seasonal climate

Winter

Winters in Madrid are cold compared to other parts of Spain with average temperatures of about 6-8 °C (43-46 °F) and the coldest month is January 6 °C (43 °F). The temperature during the day is around 10 °C-15 °C (50-59 °F), and the temperatures during the night often gets below 0 °C (32 °F) although snow is fairly rare.[6]

Summer

The summers in Madrid can get very hot. During July and August, the hottest months, the daytime temperature will rarely get below 30 °C (86 °F). It is not uncommon to have temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F).[6]

Sunshine

Sunshine duration is 2,769 hours per year, from 124 - average about 4 hours of sunshine at day in December to 359 - average above 11.6 hours of sunshine at day in July.[5] This is one of the largest number of sunshine duration hours in Europe and this is a bit above average for the southern half of Europe because in this part of the continent, sunshine duration varies from about 2,000 to about 3,000 hours per year. However, this is 70% larger value than in northern half of Europe, where sunshine duration is around 1500 hours per year. In winter Madrid has about three times more sun duration than in the northern half of Europe.

Climate data for Madrid
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean monthly sunshine hours 148 157 214 231 272 310 359 335 261 198 157 124 2,769
Mean daily sunshine hours 4.77 5.60 6.90 7.70 8.77 10.3 11.6 10.8 8.70 6.38 5.23 4.00 7.563
Percent possible sunshine 54 61 59 65 66 75 86 84 70 60 48 47 65
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (mean daily and monthly sunshine hours),[5] climatemps.com (percent possible sunshine)[7]

Precipitation

Madrid has on average only 63 precipitation days a year, therein average several rainy days per month (≥ 1 mm), ranging from 2 days in July and August to 8 days in May. The average annual precipitation is less than 436 mm (17.87 inches), ranging from 10 mm (0.35 inch) in Austust to 56 mm in November and December.[5]

Climate data for Madrid (precipitation days – 1 mm)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37
(1.46)		 35
(1.38)		 26
(1.02)		 47
(1.85)		 52
(2.05)		 25
(0.98)		 15
(0.59)		 10
(0.39)		 28
(1.1)		 49
(1.93)		 56
(2.2)		 56
(2.2)		 436
(17.17)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6 6 5 7 8 4 2 2 3 6 6 7 63
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5]
Climate data for Madrid (precipitation days – 0.1 mm)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9 9 7 11 12 7 3 3 5 9 9 11 95
Source: World Meteorological Organization[1]

Humidity

Average relative humidity is 57%, ranging from 39% in July to 74% in December.[5]

Climate data for Madrid
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average relative humidity (%) 71 65 54 55 54 46 39 41 50 64 70 74 57
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5]

Snow

Snowfalls are rare, sporadic, to few days per year. In January 1941 reported record: 8 of snow days in the month.[8]

Climate data for Madrid
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average snowy days 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5]

Temperature extremes

The highest temperature recorded during the day is 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on the 10 August 2012. On the August 1933 reported record, the average maximum temperature during the day was 35.5 °C (95.9 °F). The coldest temperature recorded was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) at night on 16 January 1945.[8]

Climate data for Madrid
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.9
(67.8)		 22.0
(71.6)		 26.0
(78.8)		 30.1
(86.2)		 35.5
(95.9)		 39.3
(102.7)		 39.5
(103.1)		 40.6
(105.1)		 37.0
(98.6)		 30.0
(86)		 22.7
(72.9)		 18.6
(65.5)		 40.6
(105.1)
Record low °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8)		 −9.1
(15.6)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 0.6
(33.1)		 4.4
(39.9)		 8.5
(47.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −10.1
(13.8)
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[8][9][10][11]

Daylight

Madrid enjoys one of the most optimal number of hours of daylight in Europe. Days in winter are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10 hours[12] (for comparison: London[13] or Moscow[14] or Warsaw[15] - about 8 hours).

Average hours of daylight[12]
Hours Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Day 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 14 12 11 10 9
Twilight/Night 14 13 12 11 10 9 9 10 12 13 14 15

Climatic data for Madrid area

Climate data for Madrid (Buen Retiro Park, altitude: 667 m.a.s.l., 1971–2000, location)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5)		 12.0
(53.6)		 15.7
(60.3)		 17.5
(63.5)		 21.4
(70.5)		 26.9
(80.4)		 31.2
(88.2)		 30.7
(87.3)		 26.0
(78.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 13.4
(56.1)		 10.1
(50.2)		 19.4
(66.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.1
(43)		 7.9
(46.2)		 10.7
(51.3)		 12.3
(54.1)		 16.1
(61)		 21.0
(69.8)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.4
(75.9)		 20.5
(68.9)		 14.6
(58.3)		 9.7
(49.5)		 7.0
(44.6)		 14.6
(58.3)
Average low °C (°F) 2.6
(36.7)		 3.7
(38.7)		 5.6
(42.1)		 7.2
(45)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.1
(59.2)		 18.4
(65.1)		 18.2
(64.8)		 15.0
(59)		 10.2
(50.4)		 6.0
(42.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 9.7
(49.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37
(1.46)		 35
(1.38)		 26
(1.02)		 47
(1.85)		 52
(2.05)		 25
(0.98)		 15
(0.59)		 10
(0.39)		 28
(1.1)		 49
(1.93)		 56
(2.2)		 56
(2.2)		 436
(17.17)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6 6 5 7 8 4 2 2 3 6 6 7 63
Mean monthly sunshine hours 148 157 214 231 272 310 359 335 261 198 157 124 2,769
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5]
Climate data for Madrid (Buen Retiro Park, altitude: 667 m.a.s.l., 2001–2010, location)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9.77
(49.59)		 11.78
(53.2)		 15.76
(60.37)		 19.05
(66.29)		 22.73
(72.91)		 29.30
(84.74)		 32.35
(90.23)		 31.60
(88.88)		 26.54
(79.77)		 19.54
(67.17)		 13.17
(55.71)		 9.79
(49.62)		 20.12
(68.22)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.45
(43.61)		 7.72
(45.9)		 11.0
(51.8)		 13.65
(56.57)		 17.22
(63)		 23.15
(73.67)		 25.78
(78.4)		 25.31
(77.56)		 21.03
(69.85)		 15.38
(59.68)		 9.50
(49.1)		 6.47
(43.65)		 15.22
(59.4)
Average low °C (°F) 3.12
(37.62)		 3.66
(38.59)		 6.24
(43.23)		 8.24
(46.83)		 11.71
(53.08)		 17.00
(62.6)		 19.20
(66.56)		 19.02
(66.24)		 15.52
(59.94)		 11.22
(52.2)		 5.82
(42.48)		 3.14
(37.65)		 10.32
(50.58)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 34.5
(1.358)		 45.2
(1.78)		 36.0
(1.417)		 43.3
(1.705)		 49.2
(1.937)		 21.9
(0.862)		 4.1
(0.161)		 8.0
(0.315)		 19.8
(0.78)		 82.9
(3.264)		 47.6
(1.874)		 45.9
(1.807)		 438.5
(17.264)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 5.8 5.8 5.1 6.1 6.6 3.8 0.9 1.3 3.1 8.1 5.4 6.0 58
Mean monthly sunshine hours 140.7 155.3 197.0 238.2 273.1 331.5 359.2 329.4 264.8 164.9 139.4 136.6 2,730.1
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[16]

Curio

Madrid has a similar latitude as Valencia or Lisbon, however, the climate of these Iberian cities is different. Madrid is located in the hinterland on the highland, Valencia and Lisbon are located on the coast. Valencia and Lisbon have much warmer winters (data from January, the coldest month):

and also Valencia and Lisbon have longer summers and milder temperatures in the middle of summer during the day.

See also

Climate in other places in Iberian Peninsula:

References

  1. 1 2 "Weather Information for Madrid".
  2. 1 2 M. Kottek; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorol. Z. 15: 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  3. ↑ Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification Archived October 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Die Klimatypen der Erde - Pädagogische Hochschule in Heidelberg
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Standard Climate Values. Madrid".
  6. 1 2 "Madrid Weather Guide". madrid-university.es.
  7. ↑ Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Madrid, Spain - climatemps.com
  8. 1 2 3 "Valores Extremos for Madrid" (pdf) (www version) – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
  9. ↑ "Extreme Values (Jan–Apr), Madrid". AEMet.
  10. ↑ "Extreme Values (May–Aug), Madrid". AEMet.
  11. ↑ "Extreme Values (Sep–Dec), Madrid". AEMet.
  12. 1 2 "Weather2Travel.com: Madrid Climate Guide".
  13. ↑ "London Climate and Weather Averages, UK". Weather2travel.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  14. ↑ "Moscow Climate and Weather Averages, Russia (Europe)". Weather2travel.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  15. ↑ "Warsaw Climate and Weather Averages, Poland". Weather2travel.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  16. ↑ Valores climatológicos normales y estadísticos de estaciones principales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
  17. ↑ "Standard Climate Values, Madrid Aeropuerto.". AEMet.
  18. ↑ "Standard Climate Values, Madrid, Cuatro Vientos.". AEMet.
  19. ↑ Standard Climate Values. Valencia - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
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