Comboios de Portugal

Comboios de Portugal

Type	Incorporation
Industry	Rail transport
Founded	1951
Headquarters	Lisbon, Portugal
Key people	Manuel Queiró, Vicente Pereira, Isabel Vicente
Products	Rail transport, Cargo
Revenue	€ -225.6 million (2013)^[1]
Operating income	€ -75.35 million (2013)^[1]
Owner	Government of Portugal (100%)
Number of employees	2,766 (2013)^[2]
Website	www.cp.pt

CP's Alfa Pendular tilting train at Orient Station in Lisbon.

CP suburban trains at São Bento Station in Porto.

CP — Comboios de Portugal, EPE (CP; English: Trains of Portugal) is a state-owned company which operates freight and passenger trains in Portugal. Before June 2009, CP stood for Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (English: Portuguese Railways) although the company has been using its current designation as a brand name since 2004.

History

On 28 October 1856 the first railway line was inaugurated in Portugal, between Lisbon and Carregado: the Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses was born. The network was gradually expanded both south of the Tagus and to the north of the country, as well as in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto and to Spain. During the second half of the 20th century, much of CP's rolling stock was built in Portugal by Sorefame - notably carriages with stainless steel bodywork.

Gradually, electrification was put in place for a little less than half the network. In 1975, the company was nationalized, and its name was shortened to CP, A plan to finally connect all the district capitals by a fully electrified double line was to be implemented from 2010. Part of this plan is based on the Swiss Rail 2000 model.^[3]

As of 2012, the Portuguese rail system is facing the threat of considerable contraction due to spending cuts by the Portuguese government. The Vouga line is now the only narrow gauge line left in operation - it is also slated for closure.

Infrastructure

Main article: Rede Ferroviária Nacional

The infrastructure of the Portuguese network is managed by Rede Ferroviária Nacional, EP, usually abbreviated to REFER. A summary of the history is given in that article.

Portuguese railway network extent:

Broad gauge (1,668 mm (5 ft 5 ²¹⁄₃₂ in)): 2,603 km (1,617 mi), 1,351 km (839 mi) electrified at 25 kV 50 Hz AC and 25 km (16 mi) at 1.5 kV DC.
Narrow gauge (metre gauge) 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in): 188 km (117 mi) not electrified.
The maximum extent of 3,592 km (2,232 mi) was reached in 1949, but in the late 1980s and early 1990s some lines were shortened and some totally closed.

Organization

CP is split into four divisions:

CP Longo Curso, long-distance mainline services (Alfa Pendular, Intercidades and International trains).
CP Regional, regional services (Interregional and Regional).
CP Lisboa, Lisbon's suburban network.
CP Porto, Porto's suburban network.

Services

CP offers the following types of trains:

Alfa Pendular, the fastest service, whose speed can reach 220 km/h. Runs between Braga and Faro passing through Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra and Lisbon.
Intercidades, a fast long-distance service whose speed can reach 190 km/h. Several trains run from Lisbon to Porto, Braga, Guimarães, Guarda, Covilhã, Évora and Beja, serving the majority of the Portuguese regions.
Inter-Regional, a medium distance service with stops in the main stations. Runs mainly on the routes Porto-Viana do Castelo-Valença, Porto-Régua-Pocinho (on Douro Valley), Lisbon-Caldas da Rainha-Leiria-Coimbra and Lisbon-Tomar.
Regional, the slowest service, stopping in all stations of all lines.
Urbano is the CP suburban service, in the regions of Lisbon and Porto and in the route Coimbra-Figueira da Foz.

The network

CP's flagship service, introduced in 1999, is the Alfa Pendular which operates between Braga - Porto - Lisbon - Faro, at a top speed of 220 km/h (138 mph) with FIAT/Siemens tilting trains. As of 2006, CP's network reaches most of the country.^[4]

CP inaugurated new trains in suburban service in the 1990s.

Lines/Routes

Network map

Linha da Póvoa (Porto Metro)
Linha do Minho
Ramal de Braga
Linha de Guimarães
Linha de Leixões
Linha do Douro
Linha do Norte
Linha do Vale do Vouga
Linha da Beira Alta
Ramal da Figueira da Foz
Ramal da Lousã
Ramal de Alfarelos
Linha do Oeste
Ramal do Louriçal
Ramal de Tomar
Linha da Beira Baixa
Linha do Leste
Ramal de Cáceres
Linha de Vendas Novas
Linha da Matinha
Linha de Cintura
Linha de Sintra
Linha de Cascais
Linha do Alentejo
Linha de Évora
Ramal Neves Corvo
Linha do Sul
Linha de Sines
Linha do Algarve

Former lines

Linha do Corgo (metre gauge line, closed 2009)
Linha do Dão (metre gauge line, closed 1988)
Linha do Sabor (metre gauge line, closed 1988)
Linha de Sintra
Linha do Tâmega (metre gauge line, closed 2009)
Linha de Torres Vedras
Linha do Tua (metre gauge line, closed 2009, apart from the Metro de Mirandela)
Linha Lisboa-Carregado
Ramal de Viseu (metre gauge line, closed 1990)

Passenger rolling stock

Comboios de Portugal utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products:

Intercities train, CP's serie 5600, in the Linha do Sul near Alcácer do Sal
Alfa pendular train, CP's serie 4000, in the Linha do Norte near Entroncamento station
Regional train, CP's serie 2240, in the Linha do Norte near Entroncamento station
Lisbon suburban train, CP's serie 2300, in the Linha do Norte near Santa Iria de Azoia station
Lisbon suburban train, CP's serie 3150, in the Linha de Cascais near Cruz Quebrada
Porto suburban train, CP's serie 3400, in São Bento station
InterRegional train, CP's serie 0450
CP's serie 1900
CP's serie 1960
CP's serie 0350
CP's serie 4700

Major stations

Lisbon

Cais do Sodré - for local trains from Lisbon to Cascais
Oriente - for trains to the north and to the Algarve
Rossio - for local trains to Sintra
Santa Apolónia - for trains to the north and to Spain

Porto

Campanhã - Porto's principal station, including use by Alfa Pendular high speed trains
São Bento - city centre terminus, for local services, northbound and Douro line trains

Other

Faro

Notes

1 2
↑
↑ Werner Stohler, "Modernização do sistema da exploração ferroviária da Região de Coimbra" (Portuguese) Retrieved 2010-11-07.
↑ CP route map

External links

Rolling stock of Portugal

Comboios de Portugal
(CP)

Diesel locomotives	1150 1200 1300 1320 1400 1500 1550 1800 1900 1930 1960 9020

Electric locomotives	2500 2550 2600 2620 4700 5600

DMUs	0100 0300 0350 0450 0600/0650 9100 9300 9400 9500 9600 9630 9700

EMUs	2000 2100 2240 2300/2400 3100 3150/3250 3400 3500 4000

Other companies

Diesel	Class 6000 (Euro 4000)

see also: Category:Rail transport in Portugal and Rail transport in Portugal and List of Portuguese locomotives and railcars

National railway companies of Europe

List of railway companies Rail transport by country Railway companies by country

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