Continuum (magazine)
 | |
| Former editors |
|
|---|---|
| Categories | Health |
| Founder | Jody Wells |
| First issue | December 1992 |
| Final issue | 2001 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| ISSN | 1461-1597 |
| OCLC number | 36211346 |
Continuum was a magazine published by an activist group of the same name who denied the existence of HIV/AIDS.
Favoring pseudoscientific content, the magazine addressed issues related to HIV/AIDS, AIDS denialism, alternative medicine, and themes of interest to the LGBT community. It ran from December 1992 until February 2001, ceasing publication because all the contributors had died of AIDS-defining clinical conditions.
History
Continuum was created in December 1992 by Jody Wells (March 12, 1947 – August 26, 1995) in London, United Kingdom. It ceased publication in 2001, after all the editors died from AIDS-defining clinical conditions,[1] leaving debts of over £14,000.[2] The magazine last appeared in print in 1998 and then surfaced again in February 2001 on the Internet.[2] It was initially published bimonthly, then began to be published seasonally.
According to the magazine:
Continuum began as a newsletter encouraging those affected to empower themselves to make care and treatment choices. As we look further, anomalies in the orthodox view[lower-alpha 1] continue to appear.[3]
Continuum promoted the idea that AIDS was a conspiracy and was not related to HIV. Wells believed that the fear of AIDS was based on homophobia, not science.[4]
Continuum claimed to be a scientific journal for those who had alternative theories about HIV/AIDS, even though it had no peer review and promoted and advertised alternative therapies such as urinotherapy. AIDS denialists often cite the articles published in this journal as a source of scientific information.
Continuum is a unique forum for those in the scientific community challenging the orthodoxy and those whose lives have in some way been touched by the hypothesis.[3]
In the January/February 1996 edition, the magazine began offering £1,000 to the first person who could find a scientific study that showed the isolation of HIV,[5] even though it had been isolated in 1983 by Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi[6] (for which they obtained a Nobel Prize),[7] and then was confirmed by Robert Gallo in 1984,[lower-alpha 2] demonstrating that a retrovirus they had isolated, called HTLV-III in the belief that the virus was related to the leukemia viruses of Gallo's earlier work, was the cause of AIDS.[8] Peter Duesberg tried to claim the prize and wrote an article for the magazine in its July/August 1996 issue,[9] but the award was rejected because it had to meet certain conditions.
Immunity Resource Foundation hosts the complete library of Continuum magazine among an internet database of 120,000 similar documents as of June 2013.[10]
Editors
Jody Wells, founder and chief editor, died on August 26, 1995 at 48 by Pneumocystis pneumonia, an AIDS defining clinical condition.[11]
Huw Christie Williams was the chief editor after the death of Jody Wells until shortly before his death on August 17, 2001, at 41[12] by Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS defining clinical condition.[11]
Michael Baumgartner was the acting editor on the last edition of the magazine.[13] He served as editor only this time at the request of Huw Christie Williams before his death, for a final publication before the final closing of the magazine.
Contributors
People who at least once have been mentioned as working in the magazine. In order of appearance in the publications.
- Tony Tompsett wrote for the magazine since 1993.[14] He died in 1998, at age 39 from Kaposi's sarcoma, toxoplasmosis, and possibly Pneumocystis pneumonia, AIDS defining clinical conditions[11]
- Barry Duke[15]
- Marcel Wiel[15]
- Brian Parry[15]
- Garry French[15]
- Richard Young[15]
- Mary Clements[15]
- Raj Singh[15]
- Lilian Ankunda[15]
- Boo Armstrong[16]
- Mark Cohen[16]
- Rachel Armstrong[17]
- Stuart Bennett[17]
- Giuseppe Paperone[17]
- John Dunphy[18]
- Patrick Brough[18]
- Molly Ratcliffe[14]
- Musimbi Sangale[14]
- Malcom Manning[19]
- Andy Hitchen[19]
- Matthew Probert[5]
- James Whitehead[5]
- Alex Russell[5]
- Nigel Edwards[20]
- Rafael Ramos[20]
- Stefan Lanka[21]
- Chris Baker[22]
- Dmitri Gouskov[23]
- Ian Young[23]
- Ben Kypreos[23]
- Michael Verney-Elliot[24]
- Clair Walton[25]
- Bill Goldberg[26]
- Kevin Corbett[26]
- Martin Walker[26]
- Sara Ayech[2]
- Etienne de Harven[2]
- Claus Kohnlein[2]
- Michael Tracey[2]
- Klazien Matter-Walstra[2]
- Anju Singh[2]
- Alistair McConnachie[2]
- Olivier Clerc[2]
Consultants
People appearing explicitly as consultants in the magazine.
- Michael Baumgartner[9]
- Nigel Edwards[9]
- Leon Chaitow[9]
- Peter Duesberg[9]
- Michael Ellner[9]
- Alfred Hässig[9]
- Neville Hodgkinson[9]
- Christine Johnson[9]
- Heinrich Kremer[9]
- Stefan Lanka[9]
- John Lauritsen[9]
- Margaret Turner[9]
- Joan Shenton[9]
- Gordon Stewart[9]
- Michael Verney-Elliot[9]
- Ian Young[9]
- Lluis Botinas[27]
- Volker Glidemeister[27]
- Djamel Tahi[27]
- Felix de Fries[22]
- Celia Farber[22]
- Linda Lazarides[22]
- Kevin Corbett[26]
Notes
- ↑ The magazine used words like orthodoxy, orthodox view and hypothesis, to refer to the established fact by the international scientific community that the HIV is the cause of AIDS, the HIV/AIDS exists, and that HIV can be spread via sexual, vertical and parenteral means.
- ↑ The four papers are,
- Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Read E, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 497–500. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..497P. doi:10.1126/science.6200935. PMID 6200935.
- Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, Shearer GM, Kaplan M, Haynes BF, Palker TJ, Redfield R, Oleske J, Safai B, et al. (May 1984). "Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 500–3. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..500G. doi:10.1126/science.6200936. PMID 6200936.
- Schüpbach J, Popovic M, Gilden RV, Gonda MA, Sarngadharan MG, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 503–5. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..503S. doi:10.1126/science.6200937. PMID 6200937.
- Sarngadharan MG, Popovic M, Bruch L, Schüpbach J, Gallo RC (May 1984). "Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS". Science. 224 (4648): 506–8. Bibcode:1984Sci...224..506S. doi:10.1126/science.6324345. PMID 6324345.
References
- ↑ "How to spot an AIDS denialist". Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Continuum vol6 No3". Summer–Autumn 2001. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Continuum v3.6" (PDF). Continuum Magazine. 3 (6). March–April 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ↑ "13 AIDS denialists who have died of AIDS". September 21, 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2015-02-04.
- 1 2 3 4 "Continuum v3.5" (PDF). Continuum Magazine. 3 (5). January–February 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ↑ Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, Vezinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–871. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183.
- ↑ "Nobel prize for viral discoveries". BBC News. 6 October 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ Hilts, Philip (1993-11-13). "U.S. Drops Misconduct Case Against an AIDS Researcher". New York Times.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Continuum vol4 No 2 July/August 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ "Aims of The Immunity Resource Foundation". Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- 1 2 3 "AIDS denialists who have died". Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ "Obituario de Huw Christie Williams". Retrieved January 15, 2013.
- ↑ "Continuum last edition". Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Continuum vol3 n°1 April/May 1995" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Continuum vol1 n°3 April/May 1993" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Continuum vol1 n°4 June/July 1993" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Continuum vol1 n°5 August/September 1993" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Continuum vol2 n°2 April/May 1994" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Continuum vol3 n°4 November/December 1995" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Continuum vol4 n°1 May/June 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "Continuum vol4 n°5 February/March 1997" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 "Continuum vol4 n°6 June/July 1997" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Continuum vol5 n°2 Winter 1997-1998" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "Continuum vol5 n°3 Spring 1998" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "Continuum vol5 n°4 Summer 1998" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 "Continuum vol5 n°6 Summer 1999" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Continuum vol4 n°4 November/December 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2013.