Coreopsis
| Coreopsis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coreopsis gigantea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae[1] |
| Tribe: | Coreopsideae[1][2] |
| Genus: | Coreopsis L. |
| Species | |
|
Many, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Acispermum Neck. | |
Coreopsis /ˌkɒriːˈɒpsᵻs/[4] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.
Description
They range from 46–120 cm (18–47 in) in height. The flat fruits are small and dry and look like bugs. Many of its species are cultivated. The 75 to 80 Coreopsis species are native to North, Central, and South America. The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip. They have showy flower heads with involucral bracts in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base. The name Coreopsis is derived from the Greek words κόρις (koris), meaning "bedbug," and ὄψις (opsis), meaning "view," referring to the shape of the achene.[5][6]
Uses
Coreopsis species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora acamtopappi. The sunny, summer blooming, yellow daisy-like flowers are popular in gardens to attract butterflies.
All Coreopsis species were designated the state wildflower of Florida in the United States in 1991.[7]
In the language of flowers, Coreopsis means to be always cheerful, while Coreopsis arkansa stands for love at first sight.[8]
Taxonomy
Coreopsis is a variable genus closely related to Bidens. In fact, neither Coreopsis nor Bidens, as defined in the 20th century, is strictly monophyletic. Coreopsis is best described as paraphyletic. Previously (1936) Coreopsis was classified into 11 sections and 114 species, but the African species were subsequently reclassified as Bidens, leaving the North and South American species under Coreopsis, some 75-80 in all. 45 are in the 11 North American sections, and the remaining 35 are in the South American Section Pseudoagarista. The North American species fall into two broad groups, with 5 sections in Mexico and North America (12 species) and the remaining 5 sections in Eastern North America (26 species). [5]
One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of temperate species from North America, including five sections of Coreopsis, Bidens coronata and Bidens tripartita, and the genus Thelesperma (five species). [2]
Classification
Sections
One classification (GRIN) of the genus consists of eleven sections,[3] shown by cladistic relationships with number of species in parenthesis. [5]
Mexico and Western North America
- Coreopsis sect. Electra (3)
- Coreopsis sect. Anathysana (1)
- Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia (2)
- Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus (3)
- Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne (3)
Eastern North America
- Coreopsis sect. Silphidium (1)
- Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum (syn. Palmatae)[9] (6)
- Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis (3)
- Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis (7)
- Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis (9)
South America
- Coreopsis sect. Pseudoagarista (35)
Selected species
Section Anathysana
- Coreopsis cyclocarpa S.F.Blake
Section Calliopsis
- Coreopsis bicolor
- Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & A.Gray – Leavenworth's Tickseed
- Coreopsis paludosa M.E.Jones
- Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. – Plains Coreopsis
Section Coreopsis
- Coreopsis auriculata L. – Lobed Tickseed
- Coreopsis basalis (A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake – Goldenmane Tickseed
- Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet – Large-flowered Tickseed
- Coreopsis intermedia Sherff – Goldenwave Tickseed
- Coreopsis lanceolata L. – Lance Coreopsis, Lance-leaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis nuecensis A.Heller – Crown Tickseed
- Coreopsis nuecensoides E.B.Sm. – Rio Grande Tickseed
- Coreopsis pubescens Elliott – Star Tickseed
- Coreopsis wrightii (A.Gray) H.M.Parker – Rock Tickseed
Section Electra
- Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm.
- Coreopsis mexicana
- Coreopsis mutica DC.
Section Eublepharis
- Coreopsis floridana E.B.Sm. – Florida Tickseed
- Coreopsis gladiata Walter – Coastalplain Tickseed
- Coreopsis integrifolia Poir. – Fringeleaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis linifolia Nutt. – Texas Tickseed
- Coreopsis nudata Nutt. – Georgia Tickseed
- Coreopsis rosea Nutt. – Pink Tickseed
Section Gyrophyllum (syn. Palmatae)
- Coreopsis delphiniifolia Lam. – Larkspurleaf Tickseed
- Coreopsis major Walter – Greater Tickseed
- Coreopsis palmata Nutt. – Stiff Tickseed
- Coreopsis pulchra F.E.Boynton – Woodland Tickseed
- Coreopsis tripteris L. – Tall Tickseed
- Coreopsis verticillata L. – Whorled Tickseed
Section Leptosyne
- Coreopsis douglasii (DC.) H.M.Hall – Douglas's Tickseed
- Coreopsis californica (Nutt.) H.Sharsm. – California Tickseed
- Coreopsis stillmanii (A.Gray) S.F.Blake – Stillman's Tickseed
Section Pseudoagarista
South America, 35 species
- Coreopsis mcvaughii D.J.Crawford
- Coreopsis petrophila A.Gray
- Coreopsis petrophiloides B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- Coreopsis rudis (Benth.) Hemsl.
Section Pugiopappus
- Coreopsis bigelovii (A.Gray) Voss – Bigelow's Tickseed
- Coreopsis calliopsidea (DC.) A.Gray – Leafstem Tickseed
- Coreopsis hamiltonii (Elmer) H. Sharsm. – Mount Hamilton Tickseed
Section Silphidium
- Coreopsis latifolia Michx. – Broadleaf Tickseed
Section Tuckermannia
- Coreopsis gigantea (Kellogg) H.M.Hall – Giant Coreopsis
- Coreopsis maritima (Nutt.) Hook.f. – Sea Dahlia
Formerly placed here
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References
- 1 2 Coreopsideae (and pages for containing groups), Tree of Life Web Project, last updated 2008
- 1 2 Crawford, D. J.; Mort, M. E. (2005). "Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae-Coreopsideae): insights from nuclear and plastid sequences, and comments on character evolution". American Journal of Botany. 92 (2): 330–6. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.2.330. PMID 21652409.
- 1 2 "Genus: Coreopsis L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. January 6, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- 1 2 3 Kim, Seung-Chul; Daniel J. Crawford; Mesfin Tadesse; Mary Berbee; Fred R. Ganders; Mona Pirseyedi; Elizabeth J. Esselman (September–July 1999). "ITS sequences and phylogenetic relationships in Bidens and Coreopsis (Asteraceae)". Systematic Botany. 24 (3): 480–493. doi:10.2307/2419701. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C. CRC Press. p. 615. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
- ↑ Main, Martin B.; Ginger M. Allen. "Florida State Symbols". Electronic Data Information Source. University of Florida IFAS Extension. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ↑ "Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments". www.languageofflowers.com. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
- ↑ Flora of North America
- 1 2 "Species Records of Coreopsis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ↑ "Coreopsis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
Sources
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coreopsis. |
External links
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