Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

"Crosby, Stills & Nash" redirects here. For their self-titled album, see Crosby, Stills & Nash (album).
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

From left to right: Young, Crosby, Nash, and Stills in a publicity photo in 1970.
Background information
Also known as Crosby, Stills & Nash
Origin Los Angeles, California, United States
Genres Rock, folk rock, country rock
Years active 1968–70, 1973, 1974, 1976–2016[1]
Labels Atlantic, Reprise
Associated acts Crosby & Nash, The Stills-Young Band, Buffalo Springfield, The Byrds, The Hollies, The Rides, CPR
Website csny.com
crosbystillsnash.com
Members David Crosby
Stephen Stills
Graham Nash
Neil Young

Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) is an American-British folk rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and Graham Nash. They have been known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY) when joined by occasional fourth member Neil Young. They are noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on US music and culture. Crosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and all three members were also inducted for their work in other groups (Crosby for the Byrds, Stills for Buffalo Springfield and Nash for the Hollies).[2] Neil Young has also been inducted, but as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield, not for his work with the group.

History

Formation

Prior to the formation of CSN, each member of the band had belonged to another prominent group. David Crosby played guitar, sang and wrote songs with the Byrds; Stephen Stills had been a guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and songwriter in the band Buffalo Springfield (which also featured Neil Young); and Graham Nash had been a guitarist, singer and songwriter with the Hollies.

Due to internal friction, Crosby was dismissed from the Byrds in late 1967.[3] By early 1968, Buffalo Springfield had disintegrated, and after aiding in putting together the band's final album, Stills was unemployed. He and Crosby began meeting informally and jamming. The result of one encounter in Florida on Crosby's schooner was the song "Wooden Ships", composed in collaboration with another guest, Jefferson Airplane's Paul Kantner.[4]

Graham Nash had been introduced to Crosby when the Byrds had toured the United Kingdom in 1966, and when the Hollies ventured to California in 1968, Nash resumed his acquaintance with him.[5] At a party in July 1968 at Joni Mitchell's house, Nash asked Stills and Crosby to repeat their performance of a new song by Stills, "You Don't Have To Cry", with Nash improvising a third part harmony.[6] The vocals jelled, and the three realized that they had a unique vocal chemistry.

Creatively frustrated with the Hollies, Nash decided to quit the band and work with Crosby and Stills. After failing an audition with the Beatles' Apple Records, they were signed to Atlantic Records by Ahmet Ertegün, who had been a fan of Buffalo Springfield and was disappointed by that band's demise.[7] From the outset, given their previous experiences, the trio decided not to be locked into a group structure. They used their surnames as identification to ensure independence and a guarantee that the band could not continue without one of them, unlike both the Byrds and the Hollies. They picked up a management team in Elliot Roberts and David Geffen, who got them signed to Atlantic and would help to consolidate clout for the group in the industry.[8] Roberts kept the band focused and dealt with egos, while Geffen handled the business deals, since, in Crosby's words, they needed a shark and Geffen was it.[9]

Stills was already signed to Atlantic Records through his Buffalo Springfield contract. Crosby had been released from his Byrds' deal with Columbia, as he was considered to be unimportant and too difficult to work with. Nash, however, was still signed to Epic Records through the Hollies. Ertegun worked out a deal with Clive Davis to essentially trade Nash to Atlantic in exchange for Richie Furay (who was also signed to Atlantic from having been in Buffalo Springfield) and his new band Poco.[10]

Initial success

The trio's first album, Crosby, Stills & Nash, was released in May 1969 and was a major hit, spawning two Top 40 hit singles and receiving significant airplay on FM radio. With the exception of drummer Dallas Taylor, Stills had handled most of the instrumental parts himself, which left the band in need of additional personnel to be able to tour, a necessity given the debut album's commercial impact.

Neil Young

Retaining Taylor, the band tried initially to hire a keyboard player. Stills at one point approached Steve Winwood, who was already occupied with the newly formed group Blind Faith.[11] Ahmet Ertegün, the head of the Atlantic label, suggested the former Buffalo Springfield member Neil Young, also managed by Elliot Roberts, as a fairly obvious choice.[12] Stills and Nash initially held reservations, Stills because of his history with Young in Buffalo Springfield, and Nash because of his personal unfamiliarity with Young. But after several meetings, the trio expanded to a quartet with Young a full partner. The terms of the contract allowed Young full freedom to maintain a parallel career with his new band, Crazy Horse.

They initially completed the rhythm section with Bruce Palmer on bass, who had previously played with Young and Stills in Buffalo Springfield. However, Palmer was let go, either due to his persistent personal problems or because the band looked and sounded too much like Buffalo Springfield with Crosby and Nash doing background vocals. At Rick James's recommendation, the nineteen-year-old Motown bassist Greg Reeves joined in Palmer's place.[13]

With Young on board, the restructured group went on tour in the l summer of 1969 through the following January. Their first gig was on August 16, 1969, at the Auditorium Theater in Chicago, with Joni Mitchell as their opening act. They mentioned they were going to someplace called Woodstock the next day, but that they had no idea where that was.

Their (one-hour) second show (in early morning) on August 18, 1969, was a baptism by fire at the Woodstock Festival. The crowd of industry friends looking on from offstage was intimidating and prompted Stills to say, "This is only the second time we've performed in front of people. We're scared shitless." Their appearance at the festival and in the subsequent movie, along with recording the Joni Mitchell song memorializing Woodstock, boosted the visibility of the quartet.

CSN&Y appeared at other prominent festivals that year. Two performances from the Big Sur Folk Festival, September 13–14, 1969, appear in the movie Celebration at Big Sur. They also appeared at the violence-plagued Altamont Free Concert. At the band's request, their performance was not included in the subsequent film Gimme Shelter (1970).

Great anticipation had built for the expanded supergroup and their first album with Young, Déjà Vu, arrived in stores in March 1970, topping the charts and generating three hit singles. Déjà Vu was also the first release on the Atlantic Records SD-7200 "superstar" line, created by the label for its highest-profile artists; subsequent solo albums by Crosby, Stills, and Nash would be the next releases in this series.[14]

In April 1970, Greg Reeves began behaving erratically and Stills fired him.[15] Reeves was replaced by Calvin "Fuzzy" Samuels. Young and Crosby were staying at a house near San Francisco when reports of the Kent State shootings arrived, inspiring Young to write the protest song "Ohio", recorded and rush-released weeks later, providing another Top 20 hit for the group.[16] However, the tenuous nature of the partnership was strained by its success and the group imploded after their tour in the summer of 1970. Concert recordings from that tour produced the 1971 double album Four Way Street. The four members did not come back together until the 1974 tour.

Shifting configurations

Between September 1970 and May 1971, each of the quartet released high-profile solo albums: Young's After the Gold Rush in September; Stills' eponymous debut in November; Crosby's If I Could Only Remember My Name in February, and Nash's Songs for Beginners in May. All four solo LPs placed in the top 15 on the Billboard 200, with Stills' entry peaking the highest at #3. Stills released an additional record in 1971, Stephen Stills 2, which also went Top Ten. Crosby and Nash embarked on a successful acoustic tour accompanied only by their own guitars and piano, captured for the 1998 documentary Another Stoney Evening.

1972 proved to be another fruitful year for all the band members in their solo or duo efforts. Young achieved solo superstardom with the chart-topping Harvest and its attendant No. 1 single, "Heart of Gold". Stills joined with former Byrd Chris Hillman to form the band Manassas, releasing a self-titled double album; counting the three CSN/CSNY records, Manassas became Stills' sixth Top Ten album in a row, peaking at #4. Young and Nash released Young's song "War Song" to support George McGovern's presidential campaign. Nash and Crosby's touring was so successful and pleasant for them that they recorded and released their first album as a duo, Graham Nash David Crosby, which also peaked at #4.[17]

The group members fared less well in 1973. Young recorded two dark albums. The first, Time Fades Away, chronicled his winter tour that followed the death of his Crazy Horse bandmate Danny Whitten from a heroin overdose, a tour Crosby and Nash joined mid-way. The second album, Tonight's the Night, was so dark his record company refused to release it until 1975. Crosby spearheaded a reunion album of the original Byrds quintet which was a critical failure and sold only marginally well by the quartet's standards, peaking at #20. Stills released a second Manassas record, and Nash recorded his second solo album, released in January 1974; again, neither disc sold to expectations, peaking respectively at #26 and #34. In June and July of that year, Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young met at Young's ranch in California and a recording studio in Hawaii for a working vacation, ostensibly to record a new album, tentatively titled Human Highway. However, the bickering that had sunk the band in 1970 quickly resumed, scattering the group again.

Reconciliation

Stills (left), Crosby and Nash in 1974.

Roberts finally prevailed upon the group to realize their commercial potential. The quartet reassembled in the summer of 1974, with sidemen Tim Drummond on bass, Russ Kunkel on drums, and Joe Lala on percussion, to embark on the first-ever outdoor stadium tour, arranged by San Francisco impresario Bill Graham, fresh off the large-scale indoor arena tour he had developed for Dylan's return to the spotlight earlier in the year. The band typically played three and a half hours of old favorites and new songs.[18] Graham Nash's unreleased film of the Wembley Stadium show highlights the scope and quality of these performances. They opted at the time not to release any recordings of the tour for an album. Finally, to mark the tour's 40th anniversary, Nash, along with Joel Bernstein, selected songs from the five shows that had been properly recorded to release CSNY 1974 in 2014.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young outdoor stadum tour at Foreman Field, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA, (August 17, 1974)

While the foursome would have the press believe that their characteristic arguments were a thing of the past, excesses typical to the era took their toll. Stills—who claimed to have served in the Vietnam War as a member of the United States Marine Corps during his tenure in Buffalo Springfield—began supplementing his trademark wardrobe of football jerseys with military fatigues.[19] Having embraced a polyamorous lifestyle following the death of companion Christine Hinton in 1969, Crosby was accompanied by two girlfriends. This chagrined several employees and band members; according to Nash, "Often I would knock on his hotel door, which he kept propped open with a security jamb, and he'd be getting blown by both of those girls, all while he was talking and doing business on the phone and rolling joints and smoking and having a drink. Crosby had incredible sexual energy. It got to be such a routine scene in his room, I'd stop by with someone and go, "Aw, fuck, he's getting blown again. Oh, dear, let's give him a minute."[20]

Young—who premiered over a dozen songs throughout the tour in what would prove to be one of the most creatively fertile phases of his career[21]—was vexed by the diminished prolificacy of the trio and consequently isolated himself from the group, traveling in an RV with his son and entourage. He would later assert to biographer Jimmy McDonough that "the tour was disappointing to me. I think CSN really blew it... they hadn't made an album, and they didn't have any songs. How could they just stop like that?"[22] Since an attempt at a new CSNY studio album the previous year failed, Atlantic Records issued the compilation So Far to have something to promote during the tour. While Nash viewed the re-shuffling of items from only two albums and one single (including the exclusion of "Marrakesh Express", a Top 40 hit) as absurd, it eventually topped the Billboard album chart in November 1974.[23] Songs first performed on the 1974 tour later appeared on studio releases from each member and duo (Crosby/Nash and Stills/Young). In addition to his uncollected new songs, Young also debuted songs from On The Beach, which was released during the tour.

After the tour ended, Crosby & Nash signed a separate contract with ABC Records and began to tour regularly again, playing a more intimate array of sports arenas, outdoor festivals and theaters.[24] During this period they produced two studio albums, Wind on the Water in 1975 and Whistling Down the Wire in 1976, and the 1977 concert album Crosby-Nash Live. Along with Drummond (retained from the 1974 CSNY tour), they continued to use the sidemen from the ensemble known as The Section from their first LP. This crack session group (wryly rechristened The Mighty Jitters by Crosby) contributed to records by a myriad of other Los Angeles-based artists in the seventies, such as Carole King, James Taylor, and Jackson Browne. Throughout the mid-70s, Crosby and Nash also lent their harmonies to hits like Taylor's "Mexico" and Joni Mitchell's "Free Man in Paris".

Meanwhile, Stills and Young returned to their own careers. They briefly united for a one-off album and tour credited to the Stills-Young Band, Long May You Run (1976). Initially the third attempt at a CSNY reunion album, Stills and Young wiped the vocal contributions of the other pair off the master tape when Crosby & Nash were obligated to leave the sessions to finish their own Whistling Down the Wire in Los Angeles.[25] As Stills and Young embarked on a tour to promote the album in the summer of 1976, the old tensions between the pair resurfaced, exacerbated by Stills' insistence that professional studio musicians back them rather than Young's preferred Crazy Horse.

After a July 20, 1976, show in Columbia, South Carolina, Young's tour bus took a different direction from Stills'. Waiting at their next stop in Atlanta, Stills received a laconic telegram: "Dear Stephen, funny how things that start spontaneously end that way. Eat a peach. Neil."[26] Young's management claimed that he was under doctor's orders to rest and recover from an apparent throat infection. Stills was contractually bound to finish the tour alone, though Young would make up dates with Crazy Horse later in the year.

Having peaked at #6 in 1975, Wind on the Water was the only disc by any permutation of the quartet to chart in the Billboard Top Ten following So Far.[27] Later in 1976, Stills approached the pair at one of their concerts in Los Angeles, setting the stage for the return of the trio.

CSN redux

A year after reforming, Crosby, Stills & Nash released CSN. Recorded at Criteria Studios in Miami, Florida, throughout late 1976 and early 1977, the album exemplified the meticulously stylized soft rock production ethos of the epoch and contained the band's highest-charting single, Nash's "Just a Song Before I Go" (#7). The album peaked at #2 on the Billboard chart in the summer of 1977, staying at that position for the month of August and ultimately earning a RIAA quadruple platinum certification behind one of the best-selling LPs of all time, Fleetwood Mac's Rumours.[28][29]

On June 21, 1978, Crosby, Stills & Nash received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their contributions to the music industry, located at 6666 Hollywood Boulevard.[30][31]

After touring in 1977 and 1978, further work as a group was complicated by Crosby's newfound dependence on freebase cocaine. Earth & Sky, a 1980 Nash album, was supposed to be another Crosby & Nash album following aborted 1978 CSN sessions; however, Nash determined that Crosby was not in shape to participate after his colleague stopped a jam to retrieve his freebase pipe.[32]

Stills and Nash convened in 1980-1981 to record Daylight Again as a duo; however, Atlantic Record executives refused to fund or release the LP until Crosby was reinstated.[33] Crosby contributed "Delta" (his last original composition for several years) and a cover of Judy Henske and Craig Doerge's "Might as Well Have a Good Time" along with some additional vocals on other tracks. The album contained two hits, Nash's "Wasted on the Way" (#9) and Stills' "Southern Cross" (#18). Despite the ascendancy of new wave and contemporary R&B, Daylight Again reached #8 in 1982.[34]

While the success of Daylight Again inaugurated a new tradition of near-annual touring that persisted for over thirty years,[35] the bottom soon fell out for Crosby, who was arrested and jailed on drug and weapons charges in Texas in May 1982. Having recorded a potential title song for the film WarGames that was never used, the band released it as a single and hastily assembled concert recordings around two studio tracks for the album Allies, their lowest-charting record to date. Crosby was sentenced to two terms, but the conviction was overturned; arrested several more times, he finally turned himself in to the authorities in December 1985.[36] He would spend eight months in prison.

Based on a promise he made to Crosby should he clean himself up, Young agreed to rejoin the trio in the studio upon Crosby's release from prison for American Dream in 1988. Stills (then battling his own incipient addiction to freebase cocaine)[37] and Crosby (enfeebled by myriad health problems from his fallow period, eventually necessitating a 1994 liver transplant) were barely functioning for the making of the album, and the late eighties production completely swamped the band.[38][39] It did make it to #16 on the Billboard chart, but the record received poor critical notices, and Young refused to support it with a CSNY tour. The band did produce a video for Young's title-song single, wherein each member played a character loosely based on certain aspects of their personalities and public image. CSNY also reunited to play the Bill Graham memorial concert called "Laughter, Love and Music" on November 3, 1991.

CSN recorded two more studio albums in the 1990s, Live It Up and After the Storm, both low-sellers by previous standards. A box set arrived in 1991, four discs of expected group highlights amidst unexpected better tracks from various solo projects. Owing to certain difficulties, manager Roberts, no longer with the trio but still representing Young, pulled most of Neil's material earmarked for the box. Ultimately, nineteen tracks out of the seventy-seven in the set were credited to CSNY. However, the CSNY version of "Human Highway" did leak to the internet.[40]

In 1994, CSN collaborated with Suzy Bogguss, Alison Krauss, and Kathy Mattea to contribute "Teach Your Children" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. After the Storm barely made the top 100 on the album chart, and by the late nineties CSN found themselves without a record contract. They began financing recordings themselves, and in 1999 Stills invited Young to guest on a few tracks. Impressed by their gumption, Young increased his level of input, turning the album into a CSNY project, Looking Forward, released on Young's label Reprise Records. With writing credits mostly limited to band members, the disc was better received than the previous three albums, and the ensuing CSNY2K tour in 2000 and the CSNY Tour of America of 2002 were major money-makers.

CSN were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; CSNY is the first band to have all its members inducted into the hall twice. Crosby has also been inducted as a member of the Byrds (1991) and Stills as a member of Buffalo Springfield (1997). In 2010, Nash was inducted as a member of the Hollies. Young has been inducted for his solo work (1995) and for Buffalo Springfield (1997), but has not been inducted with CSN. The CSN logo that Crosby, Stills and Nash have used since the mid-1970s was designed by comedian Phil Hartman when he worked as a graphic designer.

Various compilations of the band's configurations have arrived over the years, the box set being the most comprehensive, and So Far being the most commercially successful. Individual retrospective sets have either been released or are still in progress. In 2007, David Crosby's well received box - Voyage - chronicled his work with various bands and as a solo artist. Graham Nash's Reflections appeared in early 2009 under the same auspices, quite near his 67th birthday. The box set for Stephen Stills, Carry On, was released in February 2013. Compilation and oversight of these releases has largely been managed by Nash.[41]

2006 "Freedom of Speech" tour. One of the backdrops, as shown here, were the photos of American soldiers who had died in the war in Iraq.

In 2006, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young set off on their "Freedom of Speech" tour in support of Young's album Living with War. The long setlists included the bulk of the new protest album as well as material from Stills' long delayed solo album Man Alive! and newer material from Crosby and Nash. On May 16, 2006, Crosby, Stills & Nash were honored as a BMI Icon at the 54th annual BMI Pop Awards. They were honored for their "unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers."[42] In February 2007, CSN were forced to postpone a tour of Australia and New Zealand due to David Crosby's illness.[43] Also in 2006, long-time manager Gerry Tolman died in a car accident.

The popular song "Teach Your Children" was performed by Crosby, Stills and Nash on The Colbert Report on July 30, 2008 with host Stephen Colbert filling in the fourth harmony (Neil Young's portion) and wearing a Young-mocking outfit and being referred to by Nash as "Neil". In 2009, Crosby, Stills & Nash released Demos, an album made up of demos recordings of popular group and solo songs. In June 2009 Crosby, Stills and Nash performed at the Glastonbury Festival, England. Stephen Stills was praised for his exceptional guitar playing.[44] Neil Young did not appear onstage with them but did perform as a solo artist.[45] In July 2009, they headlined the 14th annual Gathering of the Vibes festival. Halfway through their set, they enthusiastically announced to the crowd that they would be back next year.

CSN convened with producer Rick Rubin to record a projected covers album (tentatively titled Songs We Wish We'd Written) under the aegis of Sony Music Entertainment in 2010; seven songs were completed before the dissolution of the sessions due to the increasingly acrimonious relationship between Rubin and Crosby, who perceived the former as a disruptive and autocratic figure in the creative process.[46] By 2012, CSN had completed five self-produced re-recordings in anticipation of a potential rights dispute over the Rubin sessions with Sony.[47][48]

Crosby, Stills & Nash toured the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil in 2012 and released a 2CD/DVD entitled CSN 2012 on July 17, 2012.[49] Further tours of the United States and Europe followed in 2013 and 2014.[50][51]

Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young performed an acoustic set at the 27th Bridge School Benefit on October 27, 2013.[52] CSNY 1974, an anthology culled from hitherto unreleased recordings of the 1974 tour by Nash and longtime band archivist Joel Bernstein, was released by Rhino Records on July 8, 2014 to widespread critical acclaim.[53] In a September 2014 interview with the Idaho Statesman, Crosby dispelled rumors of another CSNY tour (citing Neil Young's general unwillingness and lack of financial incentive to perform with the ensemble) before characterizing Young's new partner Daryl Hannah as "a purely poisonous predator."[54] While introducing a song during a solo performance at the Philadelphia Academy of Music on October 8, 2014, Young announced that "CSNY will never tour again, ever... I love those guys."[55] Two days later, Crosby confirmed that "[Young] is very angry with me" and likened Young's remarks to "saying there are mountains in Tibet." Crosby made further comments, including that he apologized on Twitter.[56] On May 18, 2015, Crosby apologized publicly to Hannah and Young on The Howard Stern Show, saying "I'm screwed up way worse than that girl. Where do I get off criticizing her? She's making Neil happy. I love Neil and I want him happy," and "Daryl, if you're out there, I apologize. Where do I get off criticizing you? There are people I can criticize: politicians, pond scum. Not other artists that have gone through a hard life, same as me. She hasn't had it easy either."[57]

Contrary to a previous November 2015 interview in which he stated he still hoped the band had a future, Nash announced on March 6, 2016 that Crosby, Stills & Nash would never perform again because of his recent estrangement from Crosby.[58] In the summer of 2016, Young told Rolling Stone that he wouldn't "rule out" future collaborations with the trio; according to Nash in a follow-up interview, "Well, he's right, you never know. There have been times when I've been so pissed at us all for wasting time and not getting on with the job that I wouldn't talk to any of them. But if Crosby came and played me four songs that knocked me on my ass, what the fuck am I supposed to do as a musician, no matter how pissed we are at each other?"[59]

Political activism

CSNY during their 2006 tour; L to R: Graham Nash, Tom Bray, Stephen Stills, Neil Young, Rick Rosas, and David Crosby

CSNY's music unerringly reflected the tastes and viewpoints of the counterculture in the late 1960s and early 1970s. With protest against the Vietnam War gearing up in 1970, the group (Crosby in particular) made no secret of their political leanings.

The group recorded two songs in response to political events. The first was "Chicago". The reference here is the trial of the "Chicago 7", seven anti-war activists indicted for their role in the demonstrations and police riots in downtown Chicago during the Democratic National Convention of 1968. One of the defendants, Bobby Seale, was disruptive in the court room and, as a result, was gagged and bound to his chair during the trial. The second song, "Ohio", was written in response to the deaths of four students at Kent State University. The students were shot by Ohio National Guardsmen during an anti-war protest on the campus in May 1970.[60]

The release of "Ohio" marked the boldest musical statement made to that date regarding the Vietnam War, calling out Richard Nixon by name and voicing the counterculture's rage and despair at the events. Between "Ohio", their appearance in both the festival and movie of Woodstock, and the runaway success of their two albums, the group found themselves in the position of enjoying a level of adulation far greater than experienced with their previous bands, as evidenced by the 27 Platinum certifications they received across seven albums.

The band has been continuously associated with political causes throughout its existence, the latest example being the song "Almost Gone (The Ballad of Bradley Manning)" which focuses on the length and conditions of Chelsea Manning's pre-trial confinement.[61] [62]

Crosby,[63][64] Nash,[65] and Young[65][66] were all vocal in their support for 2016 Democratic Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.

Influence

The collective abilities allowed CSNY to straddle all the genres of popular music eminent at the time, from country rock to confessional ballads, from acoustic guitars and voice to electric guitar, and three-part harmony. With the Beatles break-up made public by April 1970, and with Bob Dylan in reclusive low-key activity since mid-1966, CSNY found itself as the adopted standard bearers for the Woodstock Nation, serving an importance in society as counterculture figureheads equaled at the time in rock and roll only by the Rolling Stones, the Who, or the ascending Led Zeppelin. Producer Peter Fonda wanted CSN to create the soundtrack for Easy Rider, but director Dennis Hopper nixed the idea.[67] Stills' offering, "Find the Cost of Freedom" (on the flip side of "Ohio"), was the only song known to be offered for the soundtrack.

An entire sub-industry of singer-songwriters in California either had their careers boosted or came to prominence in the wake of CSNY. In part, many musicians lived in or near Laurel Canyon, in California. These artists include Laura Nyro, Joni Mitchell, Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt, America, and the Eagles. David Geffen formed Asylum Records in 1971 to record and sell the works of many of these individuals and groups, a time when CSNY was at the height of its popularity and commercial appeal.

Discography

For individual discographies, see entries on David Crosby, Stephen Stills, Graham Nash, and Neil Young. See also Crosby & Nash for duo discography.

Studio albums

Notes

  1. ↑ "David on a Crosby, Stills & Nash reunion". Bravo. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum". Rockhall.com. 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  3. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 54
  4. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 65
  5. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, p. 103
  6. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, pp. 72-3
  7. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, p. 144.
  8. ↑ McDonough, p. 252.
  9. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, pg. 79
  10. ↑ Robert Greenfield. The Last Sultan: The Life and Times of Ahmet Ertegun. Simon and Schuster. 2011. 202-3.
  11. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 92
  12. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, pp. 163-4
  13. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 94
  14. ↑ "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 6". Bsnpubs.com. 2005-10-06. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  15. ↑ Zimmer & Diltz. Crosby, Stills & Nash: The Authorized Biography. p. 124.
  16. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 127
  17. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 151
  18. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p.; 173
  19. ↑ Hudak, Joseph (2013-06-06). "8. Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young at Wembley Stadium, 1974 - Cocaine Photo - Dazed and Confused: 10 Classic Drugged-Out Shows". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  20. ↑ "In 'Wild Tales,' Graham Nash opens up about sex, drugs and music behind Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young". NY Daily News. 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  21. ↑ "Sugar Mountain - Neil Young Set Lists". Sugarmtn.org. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  22. ↑ "Shakey: Neil Young's Biography - Jimmy McDonough - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  23. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, p. 176
  24. ↑ "Search for setlists: artist:(Crosby & Nash) date:[1975-01-01 TO 1975-12-31". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  25. ↑ Zimmer and Diltz, pp. 185-6
  26. ↑ McDonough, pp. 501-2
  27. ↑ "Wind on the Water - Crosby & Nash,David Crosby,Graham Nash | Awards". AllMusic. 1975-09-15. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  28. ↑ "CSN - Crosby, Stills & Nash | Awards". AllMusic. 1977-06-17. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  29. ↑ "Gold & Platinum - RIAA".
  30. ↑ "Crosby, Stills & Nash | Hollywood Walk of Fame". www.walkoffame.com. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  31. ↑ "Crosby Stills & Nash - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times". projects.latimes.com. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  32. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, p. 314
  33. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, pp. 353-4
  34. ↑ "Daylight Again - Crosby, Stills & Nash | Awards". AllMusic. 1982-06-21. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  35. ↑ "Crosby, Stills & Nash Tour Statistics - setlist.fm".
  36. ↑ Crosby and Gottlieb, pp. 438-9
  37. ↑ "Hotel California: The True-Life Adventures of Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young ... - Barney Hoskyns - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  38. ↑ McDonough, p. 625
  39. ↑ Hotel California: The True-Life Adventures of Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young ... - Barney Hoskyns - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  40. ↑ McDonough, p. 248
  41. ↑ Archived December 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ "BMI Pop Awards Honor Crosby, Stills & Nash as Icons at 54th Annual Ceremony". bmi.com. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
  43. ↑ Archived August 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  44. ↑ "Crosby Stills and Nash performance highlights". bbc online (Glastonbury). Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  45. ↑ "Neil Young keep on rocking in the free world". bbc Glastonbury online. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  46. ↑ "Graham Nash Says CSN Sessions With Rick Rubin Were Contentious". Rolling Stone. 2012-07-26. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  47. ↑ "Crosby, Stills and Nash Resume Work on Covers Album". Ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  48. ↑ "4WAYSITE". 4WAYSITE. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  49. ↑ "CSN DVD/2CD Set Coming July 17, 2012". davidcrosby.com. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  50. ↑ "Crosby Stills & Nash Announce 2013 Tour Dates". Ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  51. ↑ "Crosby Stills & Nash Announce U.S. Tour Dates for Summer 2014 | Crosby, Stills & Nash". Crosbystillsnash.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  52. ↑ Greene, Andy (2013-10-27). "CSNY, Arcade Fire Unplug At 27th Annual Bridge School Benefit". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  53. ↑ "Reviews for CSNY 1974 [Box Set] by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young". Metacritic. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  54. ↑ "Boise, Meridian, Nampa, Caldwell news by Idaho Statesman". Idahostatesman.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  55. ↑ Kaye, Ben (2014-10-10). "Neil Young says Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young will never tour again". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  56. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (2014-10-11). "David Crosby: Neil Young Is Very Angry With Me". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  57. ↑ Helen Nianias (2015-05-20). "David Crosby apologises for calling former bandmate Neil Young's girlfriend Daryl Hannah 'poisonous' - People - News". The Independent. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  58. ↑ Kielty, Martin (March 6, 2016), Crosby, Stills And Nash are over says Graham Nash, TeamRock, retrieved August 28, 2016
  59. ↑ "Graham Nash Talks Life After Divorce, CSNY's Future".
  60. ↑ Lewis, Jerry; Hensley, Thomas. "THE MAY 4 SHOOTINGS AT KENT STATE UNIVERSITY: THE SEARCH FOR HISTORICAL ACCURACY". Dept.kent.edu. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  61. ↑ McDermott, Mat (2006-10-25). "These Rock and Rollers Are Carbon Neutral". TreeHugger. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  62. ↑ "Crosby, Stills & Nash playing Hard Rock". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
  63. ↑ Crosby, David. "David Crosby on Twitter (30 Aug 2015)". Twitter. Twitter. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  64. ↑ Crosby, David. "David Crosby on Twitter (2 Jul 2015)". Twitter. Twitter. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  65. 1 2 Brodsky, Rachel. "Thurston Moore, Jeff Tweedy, Killer Mike, and More Sign Their Support For Bernie Sanders". Spin.com. SpinMedia. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  66. ↑ Kaye, Ben. "Neil Young snubs Donald Trump, gives "Rockin' in the Free World" to Bernie Sanders". Consequence of Sound. Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  67. ↑ "45 Years Ago: 'Easy Rider' Soundtrack Roars With Rock Hits". Ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved 2015-08-24.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/3/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.