DHSA

DHSA
Names
IUPAC name
3,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:15896 YesY
ChemSpider 389410 YesY
DrugBank DB08542 YesY
PubChem 440483
Properties
C19H24O4
Molar mass 316.39146
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

3,4-DHSA is an organic compound which is the intermediate product of the metabolism of cholesterol, by the bacteria most commonly responsible for tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).[1] 3,4-DHSA is an acronym for 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-androst-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione, the official name of this substance. It is classified as a secosteroid, since one of the four rings of cholesterol from which it is derived is broken.

3,4-DHSA is a catecholic intermediate (a compound containing an aromatic ring with two adjacent hydroxyl groups) produced by M. tuberculosis during the break down of cholesterol.[1] 3,4-DHSA is also produced by other bacteria such as Comamonas testosteroni.[2][3]

A particular type of enzyme known as extradiol dioxygenase is responsible for the oxidation and ring opening of 3,4-DHSA to 4,9-DSHA (see metabolic scheme below). M. tuberculosis bacteria that are deficient in this enzyme are less lethal than wild-type bacteria. 3,4-DHSA itself appears to be toxic to the bacteria while the breakdown products of 3,4-DHSA can be used as energy source by the bacteria. Hence blocking the oxidation of 3,4-DHSA by the extradiol dioxygenase enzyme may be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.[1]

A crystal structure of DHSA in complex with M. tuberculosis iron-dependent extradiol dioxygenase has been determined.[1]

Synthesis and degradation of 3,4-DHSA.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 PDB: 2ZI8; Yam KC, D'Angelo I, Kalscheuer R, Zhu H, Wang JX, Snieckus V, Ly LH, Converse PJ, Jacobs WR, Strynadka N, Eltis LD (March 2009). Ramakrishnan L, ed. "Studies of a Ring-Cleaving Dioxygenase Illuminate the Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis". PLoS Pathog. 5 (3): e1000344. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000344. PMC 2652662Freely accessible. PMID 19300498.
  2. Horinouchi M, Kurita T, Yamamoto T, Hatori E, Hayashi T, Kudo T (November 2004). "Steroid degradation gene cluster of Comamonas testosteroni consisting of 18 putative genes from meta-cleavage enzyme gene tesB to regulator gene tesR". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 324 (2): 597–604. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.096. PMID 15474469.
  3. Horinouchi M, Hayashi T, Kudo T (October 2004). "The genes encoding the hydroxylase of 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione in steroid degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 92 (3): 143–54. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.09.002. PMID 15555908.
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