Demographics of Auckland

Auckland is New Zealand's most populous city. In the 2013 census, 1,415,550 persons declared themselves as residents of the Auckland region — an increase of 110,000 people or 8% since the 2006 census. Auckland accounts for about one-third (33.4%) of New Zealand's total population.[1][2] Auckland is known for having a large multicultural mix with the largest Polynesian city in the world.

While having strong natural population growth, Auckland also has significant external (from overseas) immigration partially offset by internal (within New Zealand) emigration.[3] During the last decade up to 2011, approximately 50 people per day moved to Auckland, requiring an average of 21 new homes, and occupying in excess of one extra hectare of land a day.[4]

The map depicts the change in population by regions in New Zealand based on the 2006 - 2013 censuses

Ethnicity

The proportion of Asians and other non-European immigrants has increased during the last decades due to immigration,[5] and the removal of restrictions directly or indirectly based on ethnicity. Immigration to New Zealand is heavily concentrated towards Auckland (partly for job market reasons). This strong focus on Auckland has led the immigration services to award extra points towards immigration visa requirements for people intending to move to other parts of New Zealand.[6]

The following table shows the ethnic profile of Auckland's population, as recorded in the 2001, 2006, & 2013 New Zealand Census.[7] The substantial percentage drop of 'Europeans' in 2006 was mainly caused by the increasing numbers of people from this group choosing to define themselves as 'New Zealanders', as a result of a media campaign that encouraged people to give the response 'New Zealander' even though this was not one of the groups listed on the census form. In the 2013 census fewer Europeans identify themselves as 'New Zealander', leading to a significant increase of numbers in 'Europeans'.[8]

Lion dancers wearing bright red and yellow costumes
Auckland's fastest growing ethnic groups are Asian. Here, lion dancers perform at the Auckland Lantern Festival.
Ethnic Group 2001 2006 2013
European 755,967 700,158 789,306
Māori 127,704 137,304 142,770
Pacific Islander 154,683 177,951 194,958
Asian 151,644 234,279 307,233
Middle Easterners/Latin Americans/Africans 13,335 18,558 24,945
'New Zealanders' n/a 99,474 14,904
Others 276 648 735
Total people stated 1,102,818 1,239,054 1,331,427
Not elsewhere included 57,453 65,907 84,123
Total people 1,160,271 1,304,958 1,415,550
 Ethnic groups by Auckland local board area, 2013 census[9]
Local board area European Maori Pacific Asian MELAA Other
Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. % Num. %
Rodney 46,587 90.9 5,082 9.9 1,392 2.7 1,746 3.4 210 0.4 1,062 2.1
Hibiscus and Bays 75,948 88.5 5,004 5.8 1,539 1.8 7,161 8.3 804 0.9 1,287 1.5
Upper Harbour 33,522 65.7 2,610 5.1 1,074 2.1 15,000 29.4 1,455 2.9 636 1.2
Kaipatiki 50,700 64.9 6,615 8.5 4,602 5.9 20,559 26.3 1,935 2.5 1,110 1.4
Devonport-Takapuna 40,623 75.9 2,847 5.3 1,173 2.2 10,575 19.7 951 1.8 792 1.5
Henderson-Massey 56,313 55.8 16,008 15.9 19,701 19.5 21,981 21.8 2,148 2.1 1,134 1.1
Waitakere Ranges 35,754 78.8 5,001 11.0 4,968 10.9 4,335 9.5 681 1.5 696 1.5
Great Barrier 744 90.2 150 18.2 24 2.9 9 1.1 6 0.7 27 3.3
Waiheke 7,068 90.5 888 11.4 228 2.9 255 3.3 117 1.5 129 1.7
Waitemata 45,168 63.4 4,374 6.1 3,759 5.3 20,325 28.5 2,433 3.4 822 1.2
Whau 30,603 45.0 6,387 9.4 12,522 18.4 24,075 35.4 1,683 2.5 633 0.9
Albert-Eden 56,592 63.2 6,108 6.8 6,960 7.8 25,278 28.2 1,917 2.1 1,053 1.2
Puketapapa 19,140 38.0 2,853 5.7 8,001 15.9 22,284 44.2 1,674 3.3 414 0.8
Orakei 58,671 77.4 3,600 4.7 2,172 2.9 13,698 18.1 1,368 1.8 1,098 1.4
Maungakiekie-Tamaki 30,849 47.8 8,505 13.2 16,731 25.9 15,324 23.7 1,080 1.7 702 1.1
Howick 67,446 55.0 6,327 5.2 5,631 4.6 47,511 38.8 2,676 2.2 1,311 1.1
Mangere-Otahuhu 12,690 19.5 10,335 15.9 39,045 60.1 11,151 17.2 465 0.7 258 0.4
Otara-Papatoetoe 14,373 20.7 10,791 15.6 31,674 45.7 21,399 30.9 738 1.1 348 0.5
Manurewa 27,900 36.8 19,131 25.3 25,020 33.0 15,381 20.3 1,770 2.3 522 0.7
Papakura 26,064 61.1 11,976 28.1 6,201 14.5 5,448 12.8 585 1.4 489 1.1
Franklin 52,548 85.0 8,175 13.2 2,547 4.1 3,732 6.0 249 0.4 1,113 1.8

Future growth

The urbanised extent of Auckland (red), as of 2009.

Auckland is expecting substantial population growth via immigration and natural population increases (which contribute to growth at about one-third and two-thirds, respectively),[10] and is set to grow to an estimated 2 million inhabitants by 2050 (a compounded annual growth rate of 1.2% vs the 2013 number above).[11] This substantial increase in population will have a major impact on transport, housing and other infrastructure that is in many cases already considered under pressure. It is also feared by some organisations, such as the Auckland Regional Council, that urban sprawl will result from the growth and, as a result, that it is necessary to address this proactively in planning policy.

A 'Regional Growth Strategy' has been adopted that sees limits on further subdivision and intensification of existing use as its main sustainability measures.[12] This policy is contentious, as it naturally limits the uses of private land, especially the subdivision of urban fringe properties,[13] by setting 'Metropolitan Urban Limits' in planning documents like the District Plan.[14] According to the 2006 Census projections, the medium-variant scenario shows that the population is projected to continue growing, to reach 1.93 million by 2031. The high-variant scenario shows the region's population growing to over two million by 2031.[15]

Māori

Main article: Tāmaki Māori

Tāmaki Māori that group of Māori iwi that are indigenous to Auckland, New Zealand, include Ngāti Pāoa, Ngāi Tai, Te Wai-o-Hua, Ngāti Te Ata and Te Kawerau-a-Maki, and the Ngāti Whatua hapu (sub-tribe) of Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Auckland also has a large urban Māori population.[16]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/planspoliciesprojects/reports/Pages/censusinaucklandhome.aspx
  2. ↑ http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/census_counts/2013CensusUsuallyResidentPopulationCounts_MR2013Census.aspx
  3. ↑ "New Zealand's population is drifting north - Population mythbusters". Statistics New Zealand. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  4. ↑ "Auckland Council - History In The Making". Our Auckland. Auckland Council. March 2011. p. 5.
  5. ↑ "New Zealand — A Regional Profile — Auckland" (PDF). Statistics New Zealand. 1999. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  6. ↑ Residence in New Zealand (PDF) (Page 8, from the Immigration New Zealand website. Accessed 2008-01-18.)
  7. ↑ 2013 Census about a place: Auckland region, Cultural Diversity
  8. ↑ 2013 Census QuickStats about national highlights
  9. ↑ "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – data tables". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  10. ↑ Can We Stop growth? (from the ARC website)
  11. ↑ .Executive Summary (PDF) (from the Auckland Regional Growth Strategy document, ARC, November 1999. Retrieved 2007-10-14.)
  12. ↑ From Urban Sprawl to Compact City: an analysis of Auckland's Urban Growth Management Strategies — Arbury, Joshua — MA Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
  13. ↑ Cumming, Geoff (28 April 2007). "Green belt under siege". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  14. ↑ Growth Strategy: Glossary and References (PDF) (from the Auckland City Council).
  15. ↑ http://www.mch.govt.nz/about-ministry/overview/vision
  16. ↑ Taonui, Rāwiri (10 February 2015). "Tāmaki tribes". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
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