Disneyfication
The term Disneyfication (also Disneyization) describes the transformation of a society to resemble the theme parks of the Walt Disney Corporation. The latter term appears, attributed to Peter K. Fallon, in Andre Kehoe's 1991 book, Christian Contradictions and the World Revolution: "This bogus culture imposed hour after hour on the people by the media is a serious interference with free thinking and therefore free action. It is part of what Peter K. Fallon of New York University, in an admirable phrase, calls the Disneyisation of society."[1] The phrase later appears in Sharon Zukin's book, The Cultures of Cities (1996:128), and was popularized by Alan Bryman in a 2004 book, The Disneyization of Society. Disneyfication of urban space is explored in Jeff Ferrell's Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy. Social scientists writing about urban transformation employ both terms.
The terms are generally used in a negative way, and they imply homogenization of consumption, merchandising, and emotional labor. They can be used more broadly to describe the processes of stripping a real place or event of its original character and repackaging it in a sanitized format. References to anything negative are removed, and the facts are watered down with the intent of making the subject more pleasant and easily grasped. In the case of places, this typically means replacing what has grown organically over time with an idealized and tourist-friendly veneer reminiscent of the "Main Street, U.S.A." attractions at Disney theme parks. Aspects of Disneyfication include:
- theming – infusing a place or object with a particular idea.
- hybrid-consumption – a collection of multiple consumption opportunities in a particular location. Providing other goods and services help the consumer have other opportunities to do at that location.
- merchandising – promoting a goods or services with objects bearing promotional images or logos.
- performative labor – making employees not only providers of services, but also entertainers.
The French philosopher Jean Baudrillard (who writes about the nature of reality and the hyperreality) has called Disneyland the most real place in the U.S., because it is not pretending to be anything more than it actually is, a theme park. In his essay Simulations, he writes:
Disneyland is presented as imaginary in order to make us believe that the rest is real, when in fact all of Los Angeles and the America surrounding it are no longer real, but of the order of the hyper-real and of simulation.
He also criticized the hidden corporate nature of the company in his book America:
The whole Walt Disney philosophy eats out of your hand with these pretty little sentimental creatures in grey fur coats. For my own part, I believe that behind these smiling eyes there lurks a cold, ferocious beast fearfully stalking us.
See also
References
- ↑ Kehoe, Andre (1991). Christian Contradictions and the World Revolution: Letters to My Son. Dublin: Glendale Publishing. p. 373.
- Alan E. Bryman. The Disneyization of Society. Sage Publications. 2004.
- Gill, Brendan. 1991. The Sky Line: Disneyitis. The New Yorker (April 29): 96-99.
- Kehoe, Andre. "Christian Contradictions and the World Revolution: Letters to my Son." Glendale Publishing, 1991.
- Zukin, Sharon. The Cultures of Cities. Blackwell Publishing. 1996
- Frank Roost: Die Disneyfizierung der Städte. Vs Verlag. 2000
- Ferrell, Jeff. "Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy." St. Martin's Press. 2001
External links
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Look up Disneyfication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- A Reader's Guide to Disneyfication
- Jean Baudrillard's. Disneyworld Company. European Graduate School