Eileen Nearne

Eileen Nearne
Nickname(s) Rose
Born 15 March 1921
London, England, UK
Died 2 September 2010 (aged 89)
Torquay, England
Allegiance United Kingdom, France
Service/branch
Years of service 1943–45
Unit Wizard
Relations Jacqueline Nearne (sister), Francis and Frederick Nearne (brothers)

Eileen Mary "Didi" Nearne MBE, Croix de Guerre (15 March 1921[1][2] – 2 September 2010 (date body found)) was a member of the UK's Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II.[3] She served in occupied France as a radio operator under the codename "Rose".[4] (French Resistance operative Andree Peel is also known as Agent Rose.)

Early life and career

Born in 1921 in London to an English father, John Nearne, and Spanish mother, Marie de Plazoala, she was the youngest of four children. Her elder sister, Jacqueline Nearne, and one of her two brothers, Francis, would also become SOE operatives.[5]

In 1923, the family moved to France, where Nearne became fluent in French.[6] The two young women made their way to London via Barcelona, Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Glasgow, while the rest of the family remained in Grenoble, despite the German invasion of the country. On her arrival in England she was offered service in the WAAF working on barrage balloons, but turned this down and was recruited by the SOE. Initially Nearne worked as a home-based signals operator, receiving messages from agents in the field. Her sister Jacqueline was sent to France to work as a courier. The sisters were supposed to keep their roles secret from one another, but were unsuccessful.

She was flown by a Lysander aircraft to a field near Les Lagnys, Saint-Valentin in Indre, France, in the late hours of 2 March and the early hours of 3 March 1944 with Jean Savy to work as a wireless operator for the Wizard network as part of Operation Mitchel. Her cover story was that she was Mademoiselle du Tort (also using the aliases Jacqueline Duterte and Alice Wood).[5] Using the code name "Rose", she was given the mission of helping Savy set up a network in Paris called "Wizard"; its aim, unlike the networks dedicated to sabotage, was to organise sources of finance for the Resistance. Nearne's role was to maintain a wireless link to London, and in the course of the next five months she transmitted 105 messages.

Savy had returned to London with important information about German V1 rockets, leaving Nearne on her own. Although she did not know it at the time, the same aircraft which took Savy home also carried her sister, Jacqueline, who had just completed 15 months in the field. Nearne then worked for the "Spiritualist" network.

In July 1944 her transmitter was detected and she was arrested. Nearne "survived, in silence, the full revolting treatment of the baignoire" in the torture chamber of the Paris headquarters of the Gestapo on the Rue des Saussaies.[7]

She reportedly managed to convince her captors, under torture, that she had been sending messages for a businessman, unaware that he was British. On 15 August 1944, she was sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp where she refused to do prison work. Her head was shaved and she was told she would be shot if she continued to refuse.[8] She was then transferred to a forced labour camp in Silesia. While in one of these prisons she was reportedly tortured.[9][10]

On 13 April 1945 she escaped with two French girls from a work gang by hiding in the forest, later travelling through Markkleeberg, where they were arrested by the S.S. but released after fooling their captors and reportedly hidden by a priest in Leipzig until the arrival of United States troops.[7]

Awards and honours

After World War II, she was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French government.[11] On 19 February 1946 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) by King George VI for services in France during the enemy occupation.[11][12]

Member of the Order of the British Empire 1939–1945 Star
France and Germany Star Defence Medal War Medal Croix de Guerre (France)

Later years and death

After the war Nearne lived in London with her sister, Jacqueline, where, The New York Times reported, she suffered from "psychological problems brought on by her wartime service".[4] After her sister's death in 1982, she moved to Torquay and lived there quietly until her death. She died alone from a heart attack in her seaside flat. Her body is thought to have remained undiscovered for some time until found on 2 September 2010. She was 89 years old.[13] Nearne talked about her wartime activities on a Timewatch television documentary in 1997, but she wore a wig, and spoke in French under her codename "Rose",[14] and her wartime activities were not generally known about. It was only when her flat was being searched by council workers to try to establish her next-of-kin that medals and other papers related to her war career were found.[15]

Her next of kin, a niece, was located living in Italy and has said she was upset that Nearne had been portrayed as being "alone or unloved", adding, "Although I don't live in the UK, I was very close to Aunt Eileen and visited her often. I only saw her six months ago. She was always cherished by the family."[16]

Nearne's funeral, which was provided free of charge by the Torbay & District Funeral Service of Torquay, was held on 21 September 2010 at Our Lady Help of Christians and St Denis Roman Catholic Church, Torquay.[15] The eulogy was made by Adrian Stones, Chairman of the Special Forces Club.[17] Her body was cremated, and her ashes scattered at sea, according to her wishes. Nearne died intestate and her estate of around £13,000 went to her niece in Tuscany, Italy, according to BBC One's program Heir Hunters; series 6, episode 1.[18]

References

  1. ↑ Obituary in The Times 15 September 2010
  2. ↑ "Eileen Nearne's war heroism revealed in National Archives". The Guardian. 29 October 2010.
  3. ↑ "People's War", BBC. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  4. 1 2 John Fisher Burns (21 September 2010). "Eileen Nearne, wartime spy, dies at 89". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-22. After she died earlier this month, a frail 89-year-old alone in a flat in the British seaside town of Torquay, Eileen Nearne, her body undiscovered for several days, was listed by local officials as a candidate for what is known in Britain as a council burial, or what in the past was called a pauper's grave.
  5. 1 2 Joint, Laura (29 October 2010). "Eileen Nearne not "suitable" spy". BBC News.
  6. ↑ "Eileen Nearne". The Telegraph. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  7. 1 2 "War heroine found dead in Devon to have council funeral". BBC News. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  8. ↑ Joint, Laura (21 September 2010). "Files reveal bravery of WWII spy Eileen Nearne". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  9. ↑ "Secrets of British spy 'Agent Rose' revealed in death". CNN. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
  10. ↑ "Eileen Nearne". The Daily Telegraph. London. 17 September 2010.
  11. 1 2 Judd, Terri (29 October 2010). "Eileen Nearne: The 'scatterbrained' spy who helped win the war". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2010-10-30. She was later awarded the French Croix de Guerre and the MBE for her “cool efficiency, perseverance and willingness to undergo any risk”.
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37473. p. 1015. 19 February 1946. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
  13. ↑ Steven Morris (13 September 2010). "Lonely death of a wartime heroine". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  14. ↑ "Reluctant heroine". BBC News. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
  15. 1 2 "Funeral of WWII spy Eileen Nearne takes place in Devon". BBC News. 21 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  16. ↑ Morris, Steven (14 September 2010). "The spy who we loved: Eileen Nearne was cherished says niece". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  17. ↑ Eileen Nearne; Special Forces Club
  18. ↑ Heir Hunters; series 6, episode 1: Cornish/Nearne

External links

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