Thioacetamide

Thioacetamide
Structural formula of thioacetamide
Ball-and-stick model of the thioacetamide molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Thioacetamide
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanethioamide
Other names
acetothioamide, TAA, thioacetimidic acid, TA, TAM
Identifiers
62-55-5 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:32497 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL38737 YesY
ChemSpider 2006126 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.493
KEGG C19302 N
PubChem 2723949
RTECS number AC8925000
UNII 075T165X8M YesY
Properties
C2H5NS
Molar mass 75.13 g/mol
Appearance cristalls colourless crystals
Odor slight mercaptan
Density 1.269 g/cm3
Melting point 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Boiling point decomposes
good
Structure
monoclinic
Hazards
Main hazards Foul stench, carcinogenic
Safety data sheet MSDS
R-phrases R22, R36, R37, R45
S-phrases S45, S53
Related compounds
Related compounds
acetamide, dithioacetic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Thioacetamide is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H5NS. This white crystalline solid is soluble in water and serves as a source of sulfide ions in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds. It is a prototypical thioamide.

Coordination chemistry

Thioacetamide was widely used in classical qualitative inorganic analysis as an in situ source for sulfide ions. Thus, treatment of aqueous solutions of many metal cations to a solution of thioacetamide affords the corresponding metal sulfide:

M2+ + CH3C(S)NH2 + H2O → MS + CH3C(O)NH2 + 2 H+ (M = Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg)

Related precipitations occur for sources of soft trivalent cations (As3+, Sb3+, Bi3+) and monovalent cations (Ag+, Cu+).

Preparation

Thioacetamide is prepared by treating acetamide with phosphorus pentasulfide as shown in the following idealized reaction:[1]

CH3C(O)NH2 + 1/4 P4S10 → CH3C(S)NH2 + 1/4 P4S6O4

Structure

The C2NH2S portion of the molecule is planar; the C-S and C-N distances are 1.713 and 1.324 Å, both indicating multiple bonding.[2]

Safety

Thioacetamide is carcinogen class 2B. It is known to produce marked hepatotoxicity in exposed animals. Toxicity values are 301 mg/kg in rats (LD50, oral administration), 300 mg/kg in mice (LD50, intraperitoneal administration).[3] This is evidenced by enzymatic changes, which include elevation in the levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and aspartic acid.[4]

References

  1. Schwarz, G. (1945). "2,4-Dimethylthiazole". Org. Synth. 25: 35.; Coll. Vol., 3, p. 332
  2. Truter, M. R. (1960). "An accurate determination of the crystal structure of thioacetamide". Journal of the Chemical Society. 1960: 997–1007. doi:10.1039/JR9600000997.
  3. "HSDB: THIOACETAMIDE CASRN: 62-55-5". Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
  4. Ali, S.; Ansari, K. A.; Jafry, M. A.; Kabeer, H.; Diwakar, G. (2000). "Nardostachys jatamansi protects against liver damage induced by thioacetamide in rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 71 (3): 359–363. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00153-1.
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