Felix Manalo

For the film, see Felix Manalo (film).
This name uses Philippine naming customs. The first or maternal family name is Ysagun and the second or paternal family name is Manalo.
Felix Ysagun Manalo

Manalo on a 2014 stamp of the Philippines
Religion Iglesia ni Cristo
Other names Ka Félix
Personal
Nationality Filipino
Born Félix Ysagun Manalo
(1886-05-10)May 10, 1886
Barrio Calzada, Tipas, Taguig, Manila,
Captaincy General of the Philippines
Died April 12, 1963(1963-04-12) (aged 76)
Quezon City
Philippines
Spouse Tomasa Sereneo (m. 1910–12) (her death)
Honorata de Guzmán (m. 1913–63)
Children Gerardo (died at infancy)[1]
Pilar
Avelina
Dominador
Salvador
Eraño
Bienvenido
Parents Mariano Ysagun
Bonifacia Manalo
Senior posting
Based in F. Manalo, San Juan City, Philippines
Title Huling Sugo ng Diyos sa mga Hulíng Araw ("The Last Messenger of God in These Last Days")[2]
Period in office July 27, 1914 – April 12, 1963
Successor Eraño G. Manalo

Felix Ysagun Manalo (born Félix Ysagun y Manalo,[note 1] May 10, 1886 – April 12, 1963), also known as Ka Félix,[3] was the first Executive Minister of the Iglesia ni Cristo and incorporated it with the Philippine Government on July 27, 1914. He is the father of Eraño G. Manalo, who succeeded him as Executive Minister of the INC, and the grandfather of Eduardo V. Manalo, the current Executive Minister.

Because there were no precursors to the registered church, external sources and critics of the INC refer to him as its founder.[4] The official doctrine of the Iglesia ni Cristo is that Felix Y. Manalo is the last messenger of God, sent to reestablish the first church founded by Jesus Christ, which the INC claims to have fallen into apostasy following the death of the Apostles.[5]

Biography

Felix Y. Manalo was born in Barrio Calzada, Tipas, Taguig, Manila province (transferred to Rizal province in 1901 and now part of Metro Manila), Philippines, on May 10, 1886. He was raised in a rural setting by his devout Catholic parents, Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo. With their livelihood based on a combination of agricultural work, shrimp catching and mat making, they were humble people who lived on the edge of poverty. During a childhood disrupted by his father's death, his mother's remarriage and the Philippine Revolution, and an adolescence overshadowed by the Filipino-American War, Manalo received only a few years of formal schooling.[6][7][note 2]

Late in the 1890s, after a telling lapse of faith, the teenage Manalo rejected Catholicism. At the time he resided in Manila with his uncle Father Mariano Borja, a priest assigned to the urban parish of Sampaloc. Severely rebuked for privately studying the Bible, Manalo began forthwith to question many basic Catholic doctrines. He also sought solace in other religious groups. According to the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, the establishment of the Philippine Independent Church or the Aglipayan Church was his major turning point, but Manalo remained uninterested since its doctrines were mainly Catholic. In 1904, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church,[8] entered the Methodist seminary, and became a pastor for a while.[9] He also sought through various denominations, including the Presbyterian Church, Christian Mission, and finally Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1911. There Manalo laboured as trusted evangelist before quarrelling with Adventist leaders over matters of doctrine and customary authority relationships between Westerners and Filipinos. He was left in 1913. Plainly displeased with the various branches of Christianity brought to the Philippines by foreign missionaries, Manalo began to mingle with a diverse crowd of atheists and freethinkers who had rejected organized religion.[7][10][11]

Founding of Iglesia ni Cristo

Iglesia ni Cristo's first congregation in Punta, Sta. Ana, Manila.

On November 1913, Manalo secluded himself with religious literature and unused notebooks in a friend's house in Pasay, instructing everyone in the house not to disturb him. He emerged from silence three days later with his new-found doctrines and principles.[10]

Manalo, together with his wife, went to Punta, on November 1913 and started preaching. He returned to Taguig to evangelize and preach. In Taguig he was ridiculed and stoned in his meetings with locals. He was later able to baptize a few converts, including some of his persecutors. He registered his new-found religion as the Iglesia ni Cristo (English: Church of Christ; Spanish: Iglesia de Cristo) on July 27, 1914, one day before the start of World War I at the Bureau of Commerce as a corporation sole with himself as the first executive minister.[8][10][11] Expansion followed as INC started building congregations in the provinces in 1916.[12] The first three ministers were ordained in 1919.

By 1924, the INC had about 3,000 to 5,000 adherents in 43 or 45 congregations in Manila and six nearby provinces.[11] By 1936, the INC had 85,000 members. This figure grew to 200,000 by 1954.[12] A Cebu congregation was built in 1937—the first to be established outside of Luzon and the first in the Visayas. The first mission to Mindanao was commissioned in 1946. Meanwhile, its first concrete chapel was built in Sampaloc, Manila, in 1948.[11][13] Adherents fleeing for the provinces away from Manila, where the Japanese forces were concentrated during the World War II, were used for evangelization.[11] As Manalo's health began to fail in the 1950s, Eraño Manalo started to take leadership of the church.

Death

Birthplace of Felix Y. Manalo as a National Historical Landmark
FYM historical marker

On April 2, 1963, Manalo was confined to a hospital for treatment of his stomach ulcer. On April 11, 1963, doctors performed a third surgery on him, which would be his last.[14] He had stomach ulcers, which brought him constant pain that medication did not help. On April 12, 1963, at 2:35 in the morning, Felix Ysagun Manalo died at the age of 76. He passed the leadership of the church to his son, Eraño de Guzman Manalo, who was elected unanimously by the council of elders.[15] His remains were observed by his followers at his funeral in the INC's 3,200-seater cathedral in San Francisco del Monte, Quezon City.[16] On April 23, he was buried at what was then the grounds of the central offices of the Iglesia ni Cristo in San Juan, Rizal.[17] The local police estimated the crowd in the funeral procession to be 2 million, and the rite took five hours.[18]

Felix Y. Manalo started his preaching mission with only a handful of listeners in a small room at the workers quarters of a construction company named Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Steamship Company. When he died, he left a well-established church with millions of members all over the Philippines. In only 49 years of existence, the Iglesia ni Cristo had 1,250 local chapels and 35 large concrete cathedrals.[18] Felix Y. Manalo was a recognized and highly respected religious leader of the Philippines.[4]

Recognition

The church’s growth and expansion met many criticisms and persecutions. Its leaders and members alike were often ridiculed and maligned. However, Felix Y. Manalo was an eloquent speaker, and he could deliver a skillful argument and had a facility in the use of Scriptures and a mastery in organization.[18]

The ministers of the Christian Mission honored him on December 25, 1918, as an outstanding evangelist.[4]

The Genius Divinical College of Manila on Avenida, Rizal, a non-sectarian institution headed by Eugenio Guerero, conferred on Felix Y. Manalo the degree of Master of Biblo-Science honoris causa on March 28, 1931.[15]

On July 27, 2007, coinciding with the 93rd anniversary of the Iglesia ni Cristo, the National Historical Institute (NHI) of the Philippines unveiled a marker on the birthplace of Felix Y. Manalo, declaring the site as a National Historical Landmark. The marker is located at Barangay Calzada, Tipas, Taguig City, Metro Manila where the ancestral home of Manalo once stood. The marker sits on a 744-square-meter plaza. In his dedication speech, Ludovico Badoy, NHI executive director, said, "Brother Felix Y. Manalo's significant contribution to Philippine Society is worth recognizing and emulating." He further said, "... the church he preached [has] changed the lives and faith of many Filipinos. He deserves the pride and recognition of the people of Taguig." The responsibility, maintenance, and operation of the landmark was turned over to the INC.[19]

On the same year, the Philippine government declared July 27 of every year as "Iglesia ni Cristo Day" to enable millions of INC followers in the Philippines and in 75 countries around the world to observe the occasion with fitting solemnity.[20]

On May 10, 2014, coinciding his 128th birth anniversary, the Philippine Postal Corp. (Philpost) launched the Iglesia ni Cristo Centennial Commemorative Stamp at the INC Central Office in Diliman, Quezon City, to mark the 100th anniversary of the church’s registration in the Philippines. The stamp features the INC Central Temple and Felix Y. Manalo in sepia. At the bottom of the stamp is the INC centennial logo in color. Philpost issued 1.2 million of the stamps, which is more than twice the number of stamps they usually issue for a single design. The stamp, 50 millimeters by 35 mm, is bigger than the ordinary-sized 40 mm by 30 mm stamps.[21]

In some cities and towns in the Philippines,the adjacent street near an INC locale is renamed F. Manalo to honor Felix Y. Manalo's contributions in Philippine history.

Notes

  1. ↑ This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Ysagun and the second or maternal family name is Manalo.
  2. ↑ It was sometime after his mother’s death that he decided on his mother’s name over his father’s name

References

  1. ↑ "Biography of Felix Manalo". sites.google.com. Google. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
  2. ↑ "sugo". s´ugo' n. messenger n. 1 one sent: sugo 2 a messenger in a firm: mensahero 3 a bringer of news: tagapagbalita, taga- hatid ng balita. TAGALOG DICTIONARY. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  3. ↑ "Tagalog – Dictionary: ka". Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 Suarez, E.T. (July 27, 2008). "Officials celebrate with Iglesia ni Cristo on its 94th anniversary". The Manila Bulletin Online. The Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
  5. ↑ Cantor, Marlex C (May 2005). "The Church After the time of the Apostles, His choice, not ours". Pasugo – God's Message. Quezon City, Philippines: Iglesia ni Cristo. 57 (5): 28–31. ISSN 0116-1636.
  6. ↑ Ordinario, Felvir. "The Ancestry of Felix Y. Manalo". Lahing Pinoy. Wordpress. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  7. 1 2 R. Reed. "The Iglesia ni Cristo, 1914-2000. From obscure Philippine faith to global belief system". kitlv-journals.
  8. 1 2 Juan Miguel Zubiri (May 12, 2011). P.S. Res. No. 471 (PDF). Quezon City: Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  9. ↑ Robin A. Brace (February 2009). "Who are the 'Iglesia ni Cristo'?". UK Apologetics. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 Quennie Ann J. Palafox. "122nd Birth Anniversary of Ka Felix Manalo". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. pp. 1–2. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Robert R. Reed (2001). "The Iglesia ni Cristo, 1914–2000. From obscure Philippine faith to global belief system" (PDF). Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Leiden: Royal Netherlands of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. 157 (3): 561–608.
  12. 1 2 "96th Anniversary of the Iglesia ni Cristo on Tuesday, July 27, 2010". Manila Bulletin. July 26, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  13. ↑ Quennie Ann J. Palafox. "The Iglesia ni Cristo". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  14. ↑ May–June 1986 issue of Pasugo magazine
  15. 1 2 Palafox, First Executive Minister, NHI
  16. ↑ Harper, Ann C (2001). "The Iglesia ni Cristo and Evangelical Christianity". Journal of Asian Mission (PDF). 3 (1): 101–119.
  17. ↑ "Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888-1984 Image Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888-1984; pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-27187-24591-4 — FamilySearch.org". familysearch.org.
  18. 1 2 3 Sanders, Albert J. (1969). "An Appraisal of the Iglesia ni Cristo". In Gerald H. Anderson. Studies in Philippine church history. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0485-1.
  19. ↑ Cantor, Pasugo God's Message, August 2007, pg 12)
  20. ↑ Suarez, Officials celebrate ... ,The Manila Bulletin Online, July 27, 2008
  21. ↑ Cueto-Ibañez, Donna (May 12, 2014). "'Iglesia' gets centennial stamp". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Felix Manalo.
Preceded by
None		 Executive Minister of the Iglesia ni Cristo
July 27, 1914 – April 12, 1963 		Succeeded by
Eraño G. Manalo
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